Sesbania Gum Research Articles

Effect of triple modification on structure and properties of sesbania gum

Effect of triple modification on structure and properties of sesbania gum

Composite Polysaccharide Hydrogel Loaded with Scutellaria baicalensis Extract for Diabetic Wound Treatment.

Diabetic wounds present significant burdens to both patients and the healthcare system due to their prolonged inflammatory phase and adverse microenvironment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), particularly Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SE), has shown promise in wound healing. Herein, sesbania gum (SG) was oxidized and formed hydrogel with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) through the imine bond. Then, SE was loaded into the hydrogel as a wound dressing (CMCS-OSG@SE hydrogel). In vitro experiments demonstrated the mechanical properties and ROS scavenging efficiency of the hydrogel, as well as the release of SE and its biocompatibility. In an vivo study, diabetic mice with S. aureus infection were used, and the CMCS--OSG@SE hydrogel dressing accelerated wound healing by promoting epidermal regeneration and collagen deposition. This composite polysaccharide hydrogel loaded with SE shows great potential for diabetic wound treatment.

Preparation, properties, and antibacterial application of dialdehyde carboxymethyl cross‐linked sesbania gum

AbstractSuitably modified sesbania gum as a biodegradable functional biomaterials was very attractive in many applications. Therefore, a combination of cross‐linking, carboxymethylation, and oxidation was chosen to modify sesbania gum (SG) to expand its use. The experimental results indicated that cross‐linking could be completed not only on SG particles, but also between different SG particles. The cross‐linking decreased the number of surface hydroxyl groups on SG. The sedimentation volume decreased with the increase of phosphorus content of cross‐linked sesbania gum (CLSG). The structure of SG particles was severely disrupted by carboxymethylation and oxidation, while the structure was less affected by cross‐linking. The viscosities of SG and modified SG paste in acidic medium were less than those in neutral medium, while their viscosities in alkaline medium were more than those in neutral medium. Cross‐linking, carboxymethylation, and oxidation could ameliorate the retrogradation of SG, but decrease its swelling power, freeze–thaw stability, acid, and alkaline resistance. The aldehyde groups had good antibacterial activity against Trichoderma harzianum, whereas the carboxymethyl groups and phosphate ester groups showed poor antimicrobial activity against T. harzianum.

ZINC PECTINATE-SESBANIA GUM-MEDIATED INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK-BASED MICROBEADS AS A CANDIDATE FOR FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY OF ESOMEPRAZOLE

This study aimed to develop esomeprazole-loaded zinc-pectinate-Sesbania gum floating microbeads, optionally supplemented with calcium silicate, as a gastro-retentive drug delivery system. The microbeads were produced using the ionic gelation method, with zinc acetate as the crosslinking agent, and were characterized through in vitro studies. The findings revealed that all formulations exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug release profiles. Polymer ratios, calcium silicate incorporation, and the choice of low-density oils significantly influenced drug encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics. Notably, the B:6 batch, formulated with Sesbania gum and low methoxy pectin, demonstrated outstanding performance, releasing 95.89 ± 1.66% of the drug within 7 h, with a floating lag time of 1.18 ± 0.07 min, indicating promising in vitro gastro-retention capabilities. Analysis of P-XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and DSC data highlighted changes in crystallinity, drug–excipient compatibility, surface morphology, and thermal behavior of esomeprazole and esomeprazole-loaded microbeads. In conclusion, these floating microbeads represent a potential gastro-retentive drug delivery system, offering enhanced buoyancy and prolonged drug release, with potential therapeutic advantages for peptic ulcer management.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by green-synthesized gold nanoparticles using polysaccharide for environmental remediation

The recent rise in textile dye wastewater discharge into the environment has detrimental effects on living organisms and human health. The present study reports a facile approach to green-synthesized AuNPs employing sesbania gum for catalytic and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The obtained AuNPs were characterized by various techniques such as UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, AFM, zeta potential, LC-MS, and XPS. The XRD patterns revealed a highly crystalline and face-centered cubic structure. XPS and EDX analysis defined the chemical composition and product purity of SBG-AuNPs. Photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dyes congo red and safranin-O using SBG-AuNPs showed a rapid decomposition rate with 94.69 % under visible light irradiation. The effect of pH, dye concentration, and catalyst dose on photodegradation and recyclability was also studied. The kinetic plots were used to calculate the rate constant, showing a pseudo-first-order reaction. Scavenger trap experiments confirmed the role of h+ and superoxide(.O2−) as active species, and LCMS analysis was used to identify the degradation intermediates. The catalytic reduction of SBG–AuNPs was studied for brilliant green (BG) and methylene blue (MB) in the presence of NaBH4, resulting the degradation efficiency of 90.37 % and 84.52 %, respectively. This study presents an innovative approach for designing highly efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment from textile dyes.

Synergistic Humidification and Chemical Agglomeration to Improve Capturing the Fine Particulate Matter by Electrostatic Precipitator

The wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) overcomes the shortcomings of traditional electrostatic precipitators, such as dust re-entrainment and back corona. It can effectively remove high-specific-resistivity dust, with a good removal effect on PM2.5. It is proposed to adopt chemical agglomeration and humidification agglomeration technology in the wet electrostatic precipitators to achieve ultra-low dust emissions from coal-fired power plants. The results show that the addition of chemical agglomerates, surfactants, and water vapor all affect the dust diameter of coal-fired power plants. After adding sesbania gum (SG), the D50 of dust particles increases from 28.29 μm to 48.22 μm. And the D50 of dust particles is 36.46 μm when spraying 3.6 kg/h water vapor only. With the cooperation of chemical agglomeration agents and water vapor, the dust agglomeration effect and removal efficiency can be further improved. When 10 mg/L SG is synergistically combined with 2.9 kg/h water vapor, the D50 is 64.75 μm, and the dust removal efficiency reaches 97.88%. On this basis, by adding 5 mg/L of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the D50 is 83.06 μm, and the dust removal efficiency increases to 98.62%. The synergistic effect of chemical agglomeration and humidification agglomeration promotes the aggregation of dust from coal-fired power plants. It can improve the removal efficiency of WESP for fine particulate matter but has little impact on the operation of existing equipment. The synergistic effects of multiple agglomeration technologies are also the direction for future research on the removal efficiency of fine particulate matter.

Characterization of Dialdehyde Carboxymethyl Cross-Linked Sesbania Gum and its Application in Solid Electrolyte Membranes

Characterization of Dialdehyde Carboxymethyl Cross-Linked Sesbania Gum and its Application in Solid Electrolyte Membranes

Antibacterial Activity of Modified Sesbania Gum Composite Film and Its Preservation Effect on Wampee Fruit (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels).

The primary challenges in fruit and vegetable preservation include extending storage duration while preserving sensory quality and nutritional value. In this study, sesbania gum (SG) was oxidized to prepare oxidized sesbania gum (OSG). An OSG/ZnO composite film was subsequently prepared, combining OSG, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO). The preparation technology was determined via a response surface optimization experiment. When the addition amount of nano-ZnO exceeded 0.3 mg/mL, the composite films exhibited an antibacterial rate of over 90% against E. coli and S. aureus. For wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) preservation, a OSG/ZnO-0.3 film was directly applied as a coating. The findings demonstrated favorable results in terms of the rate of rotting, soluble solids, and titrable acidity, effectively prolonging wampee fruit storage. This suggests the potential of an OSG composite film with nano-ZnO as a promising fruit packaging material, thereby expanding the application of SG and wampee fruit preservation.

Calcium-looping thermochemical energy storage and mechanical performance of bio-templated CaO-based pellets under steam-containing environments

The calcium-looping thermochemical heat storage is recognized as a promising technology due to its affordable raw material expense, eco-friendliness, and superior heat storage and release capacity. To investigate the impact of inert support, pore-forming template, and reaction atmosphere on the cyclic thermochemical heat storage capacity and mechanical properties of calcium-based sorbent, spherical CaO-based pellets were prepared using cement as an inert support and microcrystalline cellulose, starch, and sesbania gum as pore-forming templates. The test results demonstrated that the optimal composition ratio for calcium-based particles was 5 wt% cement and 10 wt% pore-forming template. Calcium-based particles containing 5 wt% cement and 10 wt% cellulose demonstrated the highest thermal storage capacity. The steam-containing atmosphere reduced the heat storage ability of the calcium-based particles, but it greatly improved their mechanical characteristics. After undergoing 50 cycles with 10 vol% steam injection during calcination, the calcium-based pellets exhibited a mere 6.09 % reduction in E¯g,N compared to the heat storage cycle without steam addition. In contrast, the average crushing strength experienced a remarkable increase of 42.65 %, while the attrition rate decreased by 30.18 %.

Preparation, properties, and characterization of modified sesbania gum composite film

Natural biodegradable packaging materials have become the focus of current research due to increased environmental consciousness and emphasis on food safety. In this paper, H2O2 was utilized to modify sesbania gum (SG), a natural polymer material, to prepare oxidized Sesbania gum (OSG), which was employed as the substrate for film formation. We created an antibacterial food packaging material by blending OSG with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glycerin, and nano-zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO), which acted as reinforcement agent, plasticizer, and bacteriostatic agent respectively. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the composite films, and the effects of Nano-ZnO additions on the mechanical properties and barrier properties of the composite films were investigated. The results showed that oxidation modification of sesbania gum increased film-forming properties, hydrophobicity and thermal stability, while also mitigating its distinct, undesirable odor. The tensile strength (TS) of the composite film firstly increased and then decreased, and the elongation at break (EAB) gradually decreased as the addition of Nano-ZnO increased from 0.1 mg/mL to 0.5 mg/mL. When the Nano-ZnO content is 0.3 mg/mL, the TS of the composite film reaches its maximum value of 19.25 MPa and the EAB is 30.04%. However, when further increasing the Nano-ZnO content, there was a slight decrease in TS and a significant decrease in EAB. Simultaneously, with the increase in the Nano-ZnO addition, the barrier property and thermal stability of the modified composite film were improved, and the light transmittance decreased from 78.94% to 30.39%. XRD proved that the four materials had good miscibility. SEM showed that Nano-ZnO was agglomerated, and the surface of the film became rough when the Nano-ZnO amount was more than 0.3 mg/mL. SG-modified composite film can be used as a new food packaging material, providing a new idea for the preparation of food packaging materials and expanding the application of SG.

Selective depression action of sesbania gum in flotation separation of specularite and chlorite

Specularite and chlorite have similar physical and chemical characteristics, making it challenging to separate from each other. To solve the dilemma, sesbania gum (SG) was firstly utilized as a depressant in the flotation process of specularite and chlorite. Flotation experiments were employed for investigation into the selective depression of SG on the two minerals. The results of single-mineral flotation displayed that SG selectively depressed specularite and floatability difference between the two minerals reached 57.0 percentage point. Artificial mixed mineral flotation experiments further verified the selective depression effect of SG on specularite. Characterization experiments including adsorption experiments, contact angle measurement, Zeta potential detection, FT-IR measurement and XPS analysis revealed the adsorption mechanism of SG on the surface of specularite. Overall, SG adsorbed selectively on the surface of specularite, but rarely on chlorite. In addition, SG acts with surface metal ions of specularite mainly through chemisorption to form metal complexes. Finally, the adsorption schematic diagram of SG on the surface of specularite and chlorite was presented.

Effect of sesbania gum on the rheological, textural, and microstructural characteristics of CaSO4-induced soy protein isolate gels

This study evaluated the rheological, textural, and microstructural characteristics of CaSO4-induced soy protein isolate (SPI) gels in the presence of various sesbania gum (SG) concentrations. The results showed that SG significantly increased the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and mechanical strength, especially, in adding 0.3 wt% SG. Furthermore, the gel microstructures varied from homogenous to slight phase separation with a continuous protein phase followed by significant phase separation, depending on SG concentration. The fractal dimension of the gels calculated from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images decreased gradually with increased SG concentrations. The denser microstructure in the local regions is related to improving the water-holding capacity (WHC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed that hydrogen bonds are crucial in maintaining the three-dimensional network structure of the SPI-SG gels. A lower concentration (0.1–0.3 wt%) of SG facilitates the formation of the gel; however, if the concentration of SG becomes 0.4 wt% or 0.5 wt%, SPI-SG interactions are inhibited by the entangled galactomannan chains, resulting in significant phase separation. Our findings suggested the great potential of SG in modulating the properties and structure of CaSO4-induced SPI gels, obtaining novel SPI-based food gel products with improved texture.

Chitosan–Sesbania Gum Mediated pH-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Targeted Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and Spectroscopical Evaluation

Chitosan–Sesbania Gum Mediated pH-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Targeted Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation and Spectroscopical Evaluation

Adsorption study of sesbania gum onto calcite surface: Implications for smithsonite-calcite flotation separation

In the present study, sesbania gum (SG) was introduced as a depressant to achieve the selective flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite, and the deep adsorption mechanism was systematically examined using a variety of methods, including density functional theory (DFT) calculation and a series of advanced analytical manners. Micro-flotation experiments indicated that SG strongly depressed the flotation of calcite at pH 9.5, while having little impact on the flotation of smithsonite, leading to the successful separation of the two minerals. DFT calculation predicted that SG could be adsorbed onto the calcite surface, but not onto the hydroxylated smithsonite surface in an aqueous solution system. This was supported by zeta potential tests, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) detection. As a result, the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL) onto the calcite surface was hindered by the pre-adsorption of SG, while the adsorption of NaOL onto the smithsonite surface was not affected. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) tests confirmed that SG was mainly adsorbed onto the calcite surface via physical adsorption. This finding provided a new perspective for the interaction between mineral and hydroxyl containing depressant.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Sesbania Galactamannan Seed Gum for Pharmaceutical Application

The core focus of current research is chemical polysaccharide modification in pharmaceutical applications. The gum is made from the endosperm of Sesbania grandiflora Plant seeds that belongs to family Leguminosae. Both water-soluble and waterinsoluble gum were present in the Sesbania seed powder; the water-soluble gum was removed during purification, yielding a 30% purification yield. In order to increase the applications of partially hydroxypropyl Sesbania gum, the modifications indicated here entail adding hydroxypropyl groups to the molecule under a variety of different conditions. Among the factors that were looked at were the etherifying agent concentration, alkaline volume, and preparation medium parameters, including the reaction time and temperature. The degree of substitution (DS) was raised, which boosted the unaltered gum’s solubility, stability, and viscosity. Increases in an etherifying agent and alkali concentration, volume, reaction duration, and temperature increase DS from 0.4 to 0.7. The finished product was characterized using IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, rheologic property, solubility, swelling index, and gel fraction analysis of batch F1 as an improved batch. The alternate method for developing drug-loaded nanoparticles for controlled release dosages form by suing hydroxypropyl Sesbania gum.

Preparation and characterization of an active packaging film loaded with tea tree oil-hydroxyapatite porous microspheres

In order to alleviate the environmental damage due to non-degradable plastic packaging, environment-friendly active packaging films were developed, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sesbania gum (SG) as the film matrix and tea tree oil (TTO) as the active material, and hydroxyapatite porous microspheres (HPMS) as the loading system. The microcosmic appearance and structure of HPMS were analyzed via specific surface area and pore analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the prepared film matrix, the effects of active substance with diverse mass ratios (0%−2.5%, w/w) on the properties of packaging films were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that HPMS were successfully prepared for use as the carrier of TTO. Besides, the accession of TTO-HPMS enhanced the thermal stability, antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of the packaging films. The hydrophobicity of the packaging films was also ameliorated, which was 41.56% higher than that of the film without TTO-HPMS. However, the addition of TTO-HPMS led to a decrease in mechanical properties, and decreased the elongation at break (EB) from 437% to 286%. This study systematically studied the preparation and characterization of active packaging film to provide a theoretical basis for bio-based packaging.

Effects of carbon chain length of acrylate monomer on sizing properties of sesbania gum-g-polyacrylate

A series of acrylate monomers with different carbon chain lengths including methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) has been grafted onto molecular chains of native sesbania gum (SG) to obtain SG-g-polyacrylate with similar grafting ratios through Fenton’s initiator respectively. Effects of carbon chain length of the series of acrylates on sizing properties of the grafted SG on polyester yarn have been studied. It is found that, by grafting acrylates onto the molecular chains of SG, its sizing properties are improved markedly. Under the condition of similar grafting ratios, SG-g-PMA shows the highest apparent viscosity, tenacity of sizing film, wettability and adhesion strength to polyester fibre in all the grafted SG prepared. SG-g-PEA and SG-g-PEHA show the highest wear resistance and elongation of sizing film respectively. The polyester/cotton (65/35) warp yarns sized by SG-g-PMA, SG-g-PEHA and SG-g-PEA possess the highest tensile strength, tensile elongation and abrasion resistance respectively, in all the sized conditions. The SG grafted with acrylate monomers with different carbon chain lengths can meet various requirements in sizing polyester yarn.

Anchoring Guanidine Polymer onto Sesbania Gum to Endow Excellent Antibacterial Function

AbstractInfectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria invasion have become a serious threat to human life and health. In this study, polyhexamethylguanidine (PHMG) is anchored onto sesbania gum (SG) by an oxidation reaction coupled with the Schiff base reaction to endow antibacterial function. By the assistance of the oxidation reaction using sodium periodate (NaIO4) as an oxidizing agent, the oxidized SG (OSG) forms and contributes to the generation of a platform with active sites for further antibacterial modification with PHMG. Then PHMG as antibacterial ingredient covalently bind on OSG, which helps to achieve SG‐PHMG. After the colony counting method and inhibition zone test, SG‐PHMG shows excellent antibacterial ability against 108 CFU mL−1 of Escherichia coli (E. coli). More interestingly, the grafting of PHMG makes SG more hydrophilic, and allows SG‐PHMG fully contact with bacteria, as a result showing excellent antibacterial activity. It is believed that this strategy has great potential for the antibacterial‐associated applications.

Design of polyacrylamide grafted sesbania gum-mediated pH-responsive IPN-based microbeads for delivery of diclofenac sodium: In-vitro-in-vivo characterizations

Microwave-assisted grafting of polyacrylamide on sesbania gum (PAAM-g-SG) was implemented employing a 32 full factorial experimental design and was hydrolyzed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form H-PAAM-g-SG. Further, the diclofenac sodium-loaded novel pH-sensitive interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) microbeads were designed using an optimized H-PAAM-g-SG and sodium alginate (SA). Different spectroscopic analysis including FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, etc. was performed to confirm the synthesis of PAAM-g-SG and diclofenac-loaded pH-sensitive IPN H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads. Here, Ca+2 ions combine with two strands of SA and form a round-shape structure that encloses uncross-linked H-PAAM-g-SG polymer and diclofenac sodium. As well, glutaraldehyde (GL) addition improved the mechanical strength due to acetal structure between hydroxyl of H-PAAM-g-SG and aldehyde of GL. The drug entrapment was confirmed proportional relationship to the Ca+2 ions concentration whereas an increase in GL concentration resulted in a reduced drug entrapment. The pH pulsatile study assured the reversible swelling-shrinkage behavior of IPN microbeads due to the carboxyl group of PAAM-g-SG. The drug release from H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads (batch: S9) was found to be 84.21 % (12h) which was non-significant (p > 0.05; f2 = 79 ∼ 90) over marketed formulation (83.31 %). Moreover, it follows the Korsmeyer Peppas (R2 = 0.996) as the best-fit release kinetic model. The pH-sensitive release of diclofenac sodium from IPN H-PAAM-g-SG-SA microbeads was assured based on in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.05). Therefore, developed novel pH-sensitive IPN microbeads based on H-PAAM-g-SG are a promising polymeric carrier substitute for delivery of drugs actuated by a pH stimulus.

Oxidation of sesbania gum using an octenyl succinate-esterified composite

ABSTRACT In this study, sesbania gum (SG) was successfully modified by using H2O2 as the oxidant, CuSO4 as the catalyst, and octenyl succinic anhydride as the esterification agent. The effects of oxidation and esterification on the structure and properties of SG were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), among other techniques. By FTIR analysis it was found that the oxidation did not introduce new groups, while the ester carbonyl group was successfully introduced into the molecular chain of SG. The oxidation of SG by H2O2 involves the cleavage of long chains, which is also the main cause of its reduction in viscosity. Oxidation reduced the crystallinity of SG, and its crystal structure was found to be severely damaged after esterification. Both oxidation and esterification altered the thermal properties of SG, whereby the thermal stability and freeze-thaw stability of the modified SG were improved and the expansion capacity was effectively reduced.