Provision Of Services Research Articles

Research on Distributed Autonomous Timekeeping Algorithm for Low-Earth-Orbit Constellation

The time of a satellite navigation system is primarily generated by the main control station of the ground system. Consequently, when ground stations fail, there is a risk to the continuous provision of time services to the equipment and users. Furthermore, the anticipated launch of additional satellites will further strain the satellite–ground link. Next-generation satellite navigation systems will rely on time deviation measurements from inter-satellite links to independently establish and maintain a space-based time reference, enhancing the system’s reliability and robustness. The increasing number of low-Earth-orbit satellite navigation constellations provides ample resources for establishing a space-based time reference. However, this also introduces challenges, including extensive time scale computations, increased link noise, and low clock resource utilization. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Distributed Kalman Plus Weight (D-KPW) algorithm, which combines the benefits of Kalman filtering and the weighted average algorithm, balancing the performance with computational resources. Furthermore, an adaptive clock control algorithm, D-KPW (Control), is developed to account for both the short-term and long-term frequency stability of the time reference. The experimental results demonstrate that the frequency stability of the time reference established by the D-KPW (Control) algorithm reaches 7.40×10−15 and 2.30×10−15 for sampling intervals of 1000 s and 1,000,000 s, respectively, outperforming traditional algorithms such as ALGOS. The 20-day prediction error of the time reference is 1.55 ns. Compared to traditional algorithms such as AT1, ALGOS, Kalman, and D-KPW, the accuracy improves by 65%, 65%, 66%, and 67%, respectively.

Dental team barriers and enablers for the dental management of adults with severe obesity: a qualitative analysis

BackgroundBroad challenges regarding the dental management of people with severe obesity experienced by general dentists have been minimally explored. The perspectives of the dental team regarding these multifaceted issues are currently unknown and they potentially impede the delivery of optimal dental care to this population and contribute to poor oral and general health.AimsOur qualitative study aimed to identify and explore barriers and enablers in the dental management of adults with severe obesity among dental professionals and support staff in Australia.MethodsFocus groups and semi-structured interviews (n = 34 participants) were conducted with dental professionals (n = 23) and support staff (n = 11). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and synthesised using thematic, inductive analysis.ResultsMultiple barriers to adequate provision of dental care for people living with severe obesity in both general and specialist dental settings were identified. Key themes emerged related to the clinical challenges reported by participants in providing dental management for people living with severe obesity, appropriateness of existing bariatric dental service provision and safety of care. Enablers to access were identified, including increased availability of bariatric dental chairs, environmental modifications, education of both patients and the entire dental team and for guideline development.ConclusionThe current study explored multiple barriers to optimal dental management of people living with severe obesity in both general and specialist dental settings. Enablers should be used to inform future practice. The optimisation of existing bariatric dental service provision requires urgent review with solutions guided by systemic change. Study findings suggest a review of current health systems, economics, access barriers, policies and procedures and education and training beyond the individual level are needed. Future directions to improve the dental management of people living with severe obesity are proposed.

Accessibility Measures to Evaluate Public Transport Competitiveness: The Case of Rome and Turin

The transport sector worldwide relies heavily on oil products, and private cars account for the largest share of passenger mobility in several countries. Public transport could represent an interesting alternative under many perspectives, including a decrease in traffic, pollutants, and climate emissions. However, for public transport to succeed, it should be attractive for final users, representing a viable alternative to private mobility. In this work, we analyse the spatial distribution of public transport service provision within two metropolitan cities, considering the three key dimensions of mobility, competitiveness, and accessibility of public transport. The results show that private car performs better than public transport in all scopes considered, and that performance indicators are highly variable among city areas, indicating inequalities in social and environmental sustainability in urban systems. The outcomes of the analysis provide interesting insights for policy makers and researchers that deal with similar topics, and can also be extended to other cities and countries.

Emergent regime complexity and epistemic barriers in ‘bigtech’ finance

ABSTRACT The rise of ‘bigtech’ finance – the provision of payment services and financial intermediation by large digital platforms – poses significant cross-border regulatory challenges with implications for financial stability. Yet despite steps to strengthen regulation at the domestic level, international cooperation in this area remains very limited. Although geopolitical rivalry over digital technology has hindered progress towards agreement on global rules, we know far less about the technical barriers to standard-setting in this new and complex field. To address this, the paper combines scholarship on international regime complexity and transnational knowledge to understand the epistemic challenges of international standard-setting in an ‘emergent’ regime complex. We argue that regulatory cooperation around bigtech is constrained by two main epistemic barriers: cognitive limits to understanding; and the existence of siloed knowledge. Furthermore, we show how international bodies strive to overcome these barriers by generating new transnational knowledge through processes of inscription and orchestration. The paper makes a wider contribution to the ‘epistemic turn’ in IPE by unpacking the contested meanings and practices of standard-setting in new regulatory fields.

Short-term inbound passenger flow prediction at high-speed railway stations considering the departure passenger arrival pattern

Accurate prediction of short-term inbound passenger flow at high-speed railway stations is of great significance for the refined operation of stations, the formulation of emergency plans, and the provision of intelligent services. The arrival of passengers traveling on the same train at the same station shows a similar pattern, which is called the departure passenger arrival pattern (DPAP). The short-term inbound passenger flow at the station is composed of the short-term inbound passenger flow of all waiting trains within the same period. Inspired by this, this paper develops an ensemble prediction model based on the time series decomposition modeling strategy to introduce the DPAP to the short-term inbound passenger flow prediction at stations. Firstly, we propose a new framework for studying the DPAP to calculate the fitted station short-term inbound passenger flow, which is only affected by the DPAP. During this process, we find that 7minutes is the optimal time granularity. Secondly, based on the singular spectrum analysis, we prove that the DPAP is the determining factor affecting the station short-term inbound passenger flow. Finally, we propose an ensemble prediction model that considers the DPAP to achieve short-term inbound passenger flow prediction at stations. The model consists of two parts: the deterministic and stochastic components prediction, where the former is predicted by the fitted station short-term inbound passenger flow, and the latter is achieved by the combination of historical stochastic components and weather type with the help of the Seq2Seq model based on time attention mechanism. Using real inbound passenger flow data, we compare the proposed model with 13 benchmark models and the results show that under different training and prediction steps, our model achieves optimal prediction performance, whether in all-day period and the busiest period of the station. Through further ablation experiments, it has been proven that the introduction of the DPAP effectively improves the prediction accuracy. Our model can provide scientific support for the intelligent operation of stations and the refined management of passenger flow.

Medications for opioid use disorder and other evidence-based service offerings in faith-affiliated treatment centers: Implications for implementation partnerships

IntroductionAmidst an ongoing surge of opioid use disorder (OUD) incidence, clinicians and policymakers are seeking partnerships with faith communities – including with faith-affiliated treatment centers (FATCs) – to expand access to evidence-based OUD treatment. However, little is known whether FATCs differentially offer such evidence-based treatment services, particularly medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and co-occurring mental health care. MethodsWe use the 2021 National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey (N-SUMHSS) to examine differences in provision of several OUD services, including MOUD, psychological treatments, mental health services, medical services, recovery support services, and services related to treatment accessibility, between self-identified FATCs and non-FATCs. We also explored differences in characteristics related to insurance, licensure, and accreditation. ResultsFATCs were less likely than non-FATCs to offer almost all measure of MOUD and more likely to refuse to accept clients who use MOUD. They were also less likely to report using telemedicine. However, they were more likely to offer residential treatment, Twelve Step facilitation, and transitional housing. We find little evidence that FATCs offer co-occurring mental health treatments at different rates than non-FATCs. ConclusionMore research is needed to examine the factors that drive these differences, especially in MOUD and transitional housing. When partnering with FATCs, clinicians and policymakers should seek common ground with FATCs and recognize the philosophies, values, and concerns that may potentially be driving these differences.

Logistics Business Management of Provider in Thailand with Smart Logistics

The objective of this study is to validate the model fitness in Thailand for logistics business management related to the adoption of Smart Logistics (SLAPR) and its influence, in respect of service providers, thus coming up with a decision-making plan. The quantitative research was employed in the process, and the sample size is six large logistics service providers, 400 respondents in Thailand. The research instrument consisted of a five-section questionnaire with a total number of questions of 108. A number of statistical methods were employed for data analysis, including the usage of structural equation modeling (SEM). The model consists of four constructs: Smart Logistics: Administration and Management (SLA), Smart Logistics: People Management (SLP), Smart Logistics: Rooms and Working Space Management (SLR), and Performance (PSH). The model fits satisfactorily and is therefore appropriate for strategic use in large logistics firms in Thailand engaged in the provision of international logistics services including maritime and air freight, dangerous goods transportation, port services for exports, warehouse renting services, customs clearance, and supply chain management from upstream to downstream. This study identifies the performance outcomes: reducing errors, cost reduction, reducing complexity, labor reduction, and operational efficiency improvement. PSH is directly influenced by the SLA construct with a direct effect (DE) value of 0.82. The results of the above results explained that company executives have to implement Smart Logistics as soon as possible so that results are achievable in one year.

Public Service Equalization, Digital Financial inclusion and the Rural Revitalization: Evidence from Chinese 283 prefecture-level cities

While China has made significant strides in poverty alleviation, the persistent urban-rural divide poses challenges for sustainable development. Previous studies have explored various factors influencing rural revitalization, yet the interplay between public service equalization, digital financial inclusion, and rural development remains understudied. This research investigates how public service equalization impacts rural revitalization in China and examines the moderating role of digital financial inclusion. Using panel data from 283 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2021, we employ a fixed-effects model and conduct robustness checks including endogeneity tests and alternative specifications. Our findings reveal that public service equalization positively influences rural revitalization, with both accessibility and beneficiality dimensions playing crucial roles. Importantly, digital financial inclusion enhances this positive impact, suggesting a synergistic effect. These results underscore the need for a holistic approach integrating public service provision and digital financial services to promote inclusive growth in rural China. By elucidating the mechanisms through which these factors interact, our study contributes to the broader literature on rural development and offers policymakers valuable insights for designing effective rural revitalization strategies.

Exploring the potential of Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery) mutual-help groups for supporting people who use methamphetamine: A qualitative study examining participant experience of initiation and engagement

IntroductionImproving support options for people who use methamphetamine is of critical national and global importance. The role of mutual-help groups within the treatment-seeking journey of people who use methamphetamine is unclear. Self-Management and Recovery Training (‘SMART Recovery’) mutual-help groups are led by a trained facilitator and support participants to work on individual goals, including, but not limited to abstinence. This study examined how people who use methamphetamine came to be involved in SMART Recovery mutual-help groups and factors associated with engagement. MethodsA sample of Australian SMART Recovery participants who self-reported using methamphetamine in the preceding 12-months (n = 18) discussed their history of substance use and experience of service provision in a semi-structured telephone interview. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using iterative categorization. ResultsParticipant initiation of SMART Recovery groups was described across two themes: i) delayed attendance and ii) use as an adjunct to other services. Factors associated with engagement were discussed in terms of: i) the ‘fit’ of SMART Recovery mutual-help groups; ii) coping and tolerance of discomfort; iii) the power of shared lived experience; iv) choice and autonomy; and v) short-term goal setting supports self-efficacy and the possibility of change. Discussion and conclusionsSMART Recovery mutual-help groups show promise for engaging people who use methamphetamine. There is a clear need to improve awareness of mutual-help group options amongst service users, providers and the general community. Offering choice over mutual-help groups may help to engage people earlier and support improved linkage between services.

Service evaluation of an early pregnancy loss support clinic in an inner London early pregnancy unit

BackgroundEarly pregnancy loss (EPL) can have profound implications for physical and psychological health. In the UK, significant variation in service provision exists for women affected by EPL. There is very little guidance on what hospital-based follow-up support services should entail, and how these can be implemented and integrated into current care provision to meet the needs of women who experience EPL. This service evaluation (SE) reports on an Early Pregnancy Loss Support Clinic (EPLSC) in an inner-city Hospital Trust.MethodsThis SE gathered both quantitative and qualitative feedback from women to assess the value of a locally implemented Early Pregnancy Loss Support Clinic (EPLSC). Quantitative feedback was collected using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS) questionnaire and the Visual Anxiety Scale (VAS-A), both administered to women attending the EPLSC. Qualitative feedback was collected through semi-structured interviews and focused on four pre-determined themes based on EPL literature - physical health, mental health, role of the bereavement midwife and overall service user experience. Quantitative feedback was summarised using descriptive statistics, while qualitative feedback was analysed using framework analysis.ResultsA total of 127 women were invited to the EPLSC, with 110 (87%) attending, and 17 (13%) not attending their appointment. SAPS scores ranged from 21 to 28, indicating that women were either satisfied or very satisfied with the care they received at the EPLSC. Results from VAS-A scores showed that 76 (69%) women reported a decrease in anxiety immediately after attending the EPLSC, compared to 8 (7%) who reported no change or a small increase in anxiety. Qualitative findings highlighted women’s concerns around future fertility, the importance of emotional support and the value of connecting with the bereavement midwife.ConclusionAn EPLSC that focuses on providing emotional support and reassurance, particularly regarding future fertility, is important to women. Further rigorous evaluation of national disparities in EPL follow-up is urgently needed to assess the gaps in clinical care delivery.

50 years of comprehensive state-wide data on pregnancy termination in South Australia: a retrospective, population-based, cohort study

Termination of pregnancy is a common procedure, accessed globally, irrespective of logistical and legal barriers. We aimed to document changes in procedural characteristics and demographic factors over time in South Australia, as well as to examine how key sociodemographic variables affect gestational age at pregnancy termination. South Australian legislation has required mandatory collection of data related to pregnancy termination since 1970. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of all pregnancy terminations in the state from 1970 to 2020. The primary outcome was gestational age at termination of pregnancy. Linear regression was used to examine socioeconomic characteristics that could confer disadvantage in access to pregnancy termination, with postcodes coded according to the 2016 Australian Statistical Geographical Classification-Remote Area system and the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018. Between Jan 1, 1970, and Dec 31, 2020, 225 440 pregnancy terminations were performed at a median of 8 weeks' gestation (IQR 7-10). Most pregnant individuals (median age 24 years [IQR 20-31]) resided in urban areas (n=166 311 [77·9%]) and received surgical pregnancy termination (n=287 345 [78·4%]). Major complication rates remained low over time; however, major complications occurred more frequently at higher gestational ages. Gestational age at pregnancy termination decreased over time (from 9 weeks [IQR 8-11] in years 1970-75 to 7 weeks [6-9] in years 2016-20) and was strongly correlated with being a teenager (ie, aged <20 years), rurality, and IRSAD score, with individuals at greater levels of socioeconomic disadvantage undergoing pregnancy termination at consistently higher gestational ages. Over time, there have been many changes in the demographics of women and the method used for pregnancy termination. Even in a high-income country with legal and publicly funded access to pregnancy termination, there are significant differences in the gestational age at which pregnancy termination occurs, which vary with socioeconomic disadvantage. Understanding changes in the demographics of those undergoing this procedure and the influence of various indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage is vital for optimal service provision. None.

Adolescent reproductive health care services: knowledge, perspectives, and challenges among service providers in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria

Adolescence is a phase of life characterized by several reproductive health challenges that require support to navigate. However, access to adolescent and youth-friendly health service (AYFHS) centers to provide this support is limited. Perspective of healthcare workers (HCW) towards understanding the challenges to service provision has not been systematically documented. This study therefore documents the perspectives of HCWs on the types of services accessed by adolescents, and associated challenges in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. The facility-based descriptive qualitative study used an in-depth interview guide among program officers in the 11 youth-friendly health centers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. The provision of HIV prevention services and AYFHS was appropriate while adolescents have preferences for facilities where their confidentiality is protected, and other needs are met. Reported challenges were lack of privacy, high cost of transportation to facilities, high staff attrition, poor awareness of the facilities and services, and parental consent. Suggestions for improvement included prolonged retention of youth-friendly trained staff, better client confidentiality, and economic empowerment of the adolescents to access services when needed. While the providers’ perspective on AYFHS for adolescents was positive, related challenges were also identified. Government and other stakeholders should collaborate to ensure the right environment for accessibility and utilization of AYFHS.

Application of machine learning in predicting health perception through military personnel's sense of empowerment.

The promotion of health and provision of care services for new recruits are issues of constant concern for military leaders and healthcare providers, as they are crucial to maintaining and operating military forces. The enhancement of military personnel's empowerment has been recognized as a core value in promoting health perception. However, the pathways between military personnel's sense of empowerment and health perception have not been thoroughly explored. The primary aim of this study is to examine the predictive power of different dimensions of empowerment (personal, interpersonal, and socio-political) on new recruits' health perception, and to further observe differences among subgroups, which will help us grasp the nuances of future health intervention measures. The research data were extracted from the "Military Career Development Study," analyzing personal empowerment data from Wave 1 (W1) and perceived health data from Wave 2 (W2) (N = 2,232). In terms of analytical methods, five ML classifiers, including Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithms, were used for prediction in both the full sample and subsamples (gender and socioeconomic status). Results show that among the five ML classifiers, the Decision Tree performed best overall, achieving a prediction accuracy of 95.4%. The results by gender show that the ML models perform best for both males and females with the Decision Tree and Random Forest methods. For the Decision Tree, the accuracy rates were 94.9% for males and 95.1% for females; the F1 scores were 92.9% for males and 93.2% for females. For the Random Forest, the accuracy rates were 94.9% for males and 95.4% for females; the F1 scores were 92.7% for males and 93.2% for females. Regarding SES, the Decision Tree and Random Forest methods performed best. In the SES Low group, both methods achieved a prediction accuracy of 95.6% and an F1 score of 93.7%; in the SES high group, they achieved a prediction accuracy of 95.4% and an F1 score of 93.3%. However, the contribution of different dimensions of empowerment features varied significantly among subgroups. These findings can provide important information on the differences in health perception among military personnel.

Influence of diverse pasture species and reduced nitrogen fertiliser inputs on soil health on four irrigated Canterbury dairy pastures

Maintaining and improving the health of pastoral soils is important to enable the provision of ecosystem services for sustainable production. We investigate the impacts of increasing pasture species diversity and reducing nitrogen (N) fertiliser inputs on pasture productivity and the flow on effects for soil health on four irrigated dairy farms in Canterbury. The soils had generally good health prior to pastures being resown. During the establishment of both simple and diverse pastures there was a decline in Olsen P, soil organic carbon (C), total N and potentially available N to below target levels. In the year following pasture establishment there was no difference in herbage accumulation between the simple and more diverse pastures under irrigation. For both simple and diverse pastures, grass species contributed approximately 50%, legumes 15%, and herbs 20% of the total dry matter harvested. Although there was a reduction in pasture growth as N fertiliser inputs were reduced, legume content did not decline significantly and differences in soil health were not observed at this stage. Despite the farms being intensive dairy systems, the data suggests good soil health prior to pasture establishment. Hence maintaining soil health as well as its restoration following disturbance present opportunities for these farms.

Anthropogenic Effects on Green Infrastructure Spatial Patterns in Kisangani City and Its Urban–Rural Gradient

Urban and peri-urban expansion significantly influences the spatial pattern of cities and surrounding zones. This study examines the spatial changes in green infrastructure components, specifically focusing on mature forests, short forests, and agricultural and grass lands from 1986 to 2021, using satellite imagery. Two landscape ecology indexes, the percentage of landscape (PLAND), and the largest patch index (LPI), were applied. PLAND provides insights into the proportion of habitat types, capturing overall extent, while LPI elucidates their spatial configuration. The research is conducted in a specific context of increasing urbanization and peri-urbanization in Kisangani city, DR Congo. The findings reveal a decline in both mature and short forests, respectively, from 1986 to 2021, and from 2006 to 2021 alongside a continuous expansion of agricultural and grass lands at the landscape scale. Moreover, the spatial pattern of mature and short forests exhibited significant variations across urban, peri-urban, and rural zones. In the context of 2021, in urban and peri-urban zones, mature forests account for less than 1% of the 2.25 km2 plots, against more than 35% in certain rural plots. Similarly, larger patches of mature forest in urban and peri-urban zones cover less than 0.5% of the 2.25 km2 plots, whereas they exceed 20% in rural zones. From 1986 to 2021, both mature and short forests experienced significant decline and fragmentation, particularly in urban and peri-urban zones, while agricultural and grass lands increased significantly in peri-urban and rural zones. These results raise concerns regarding the functions, services, and opportunities provided by mature and short forests in the context of global change. They also highlight the need for urban planning in Kisangani to prioritize green infrastructure preservation, focusing on maintaining forest connectivity and preventing further fragmentation. Policies should promote sustainable land use in peri-urban zones to achieve a balance between urban expansion and the provision of essential ecosystem services, thereby enhancing long-term resilience.

Midwifery Care Continuity of Care at Delta Mutiara Clinic and Maternity Hospital, Sidoarjo

Continuity of Care is a program to improve the provision of midwifery services continuously carried out by Midwives and as the final project for midwifery students by promoting holistic and integrated midwifery care. The aim of this study was to provide continuous midwifery care , 25 year old, Mrs. A at the Delta Mutiara Clinic, Sidoarjo. The research design is descriptive with the case type of study research. The results showed that the midwifery care provided to Mrs. A, starting from pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, newborns, and family planning, went according to midwifery care standards. Conclusions after being given Continuity of Care midwifery care, the mother feels comfortable, the occurring complications can be resolved and detected since the beginning of pregnancy, the mother and baby received adequate and integrated care.

Dust over water: Analyzing the impact of lake desiccation on dust storms on the Iranian Plateau

The desiccation of lakes on the Iranian Plateau, driven by both natural processes and anthropogenic activities, has led to significant land cover changes, exposing lake beds and triggering adverse environmental consequences. These transformations pose serious threats to ecological conditions and the provision of ecosystem services. This study investigates the potential links between lake desiccation and the occurrence of dust storms across major lakes on the Iranian Plateau. By utilizing remote sensing data and time series statistical analysis, including the Mann-Kendall test, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, and frequency analysis, we assessed changes in lake extent and their effects on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Particular Matter (PM2.5) from 1985 to 2020. An analysis of Landsat imagery reveals that lake desiccation commenced in the late 1990s, exhibiting a marked downward trend that has intensified in recent years. The results show a significant inverse correlation between aerosol parameters (AOD and PM2.5) and lake extent. Reduced lake area is associated with elevated AOD and PM2.5 concentrations, with the highest aerosol levels observed when lakes reach their smallest extent. Notably, despite an 81 % reduction in the lake area, dust storm occurrences have increased by 20%. These findings highlight the critical role of lake desiccation in exacerbating dust storms in the surrounding regions. Furthermore, the temporal alignment between fluctuations in lake extent and dust storm frequency is validated through regression analysis with a 95 % confidence level. The consistency between our results and existing literature underscores the reliability of the observed relationship, emphasizing the urgent need to address the environmental consequences of lake desiccation to mitigate its broader ecological impacts and potential human health impacts.Graphical Abstract

Implications of Municipal Revenue Collection on Service Delivery in South Africa: Challenges and Recommendations

In South Africa, citizens have protested against inadequate services provided by municipalities across different provinces. It is argued that most protests were caused by poor service delivery, a lack of community engagement, corruption, mismanagement of public resources, lack of institutional capacity and unqualified personnel. Thus, this study evaluates the difficulties associated with revenue collection and its implications on service delivery. To assess this aim, the study adopted a qualitative research approach. This study reviewed secondary data from different databases. The study keywords were used to search for relevant studies. The study was analyzed using a thematic content approach. Moreover, the study adopted two theoretical frameworks namely; ability to pay and the benefits theory. The key findings of this study include substantial difficulties in revenue collection, which in turn affect the provision of services. Poor service delivery is continuously caused by a lack of sufficient financial resources and ineffective revenue collection mechanisms. This study indicates a significant link between low revenue collection and inadequate service delivery. The recommendations of this study to municipalities include employing qualified officials, creating rebates and discounts for paying consumers, regularly examining critical credit regulations, guaranteeing high-quality service, and boosting revenue collection in light of these findings.

Machine learning technology for good health and well-being for sustainable human security in South Africa

The failure to achieve sustainable development in South Africa is due to the inability to deliver quality and adequate health services that would lead to the achievement of sustainable human security. As we live in an era of digital technology, Machine Learning (ML) has not yet permeated the healthcare sector in South Africa. Its effects on promoting quality health services for sustainable human security have not attracted much academic attention in South Africa and across the African continent. Hospitals still face numerous challenges that have hindered achieving adequate health services. For this reason, the healthcare sector in South Africa continues to suffer from numerous challenges, including inadequate finances, poor governance, long waiting times, shortages of medical staff, and poor medical record keeping. These challenges have affected health services provision and thus pose threats to the achievement of sustainable security. The paper found that ML technology enables adequate health services that alleviate disease burden and thus lead to sustainable human security. It speeds up medical treatment, enabling medical workers to deliver health services accurately and reducing the financial cost of medical treatments. ML assists in the prevention of pandemic outbreaks and as well as monitoring their potential epidemic outbreaks. It protects and keeps medical records and makes them readily available when patients visit any hospital. The paper used a qualitative research design that used an exploratory approach to collect and analyse data.

공서비스 공급 관점에서 살펴본 비의료 건강관리서비스 인증 시범사업과 의료민영화 논쟁

In June 2022, the Ministry of Health and Welfare introduced a pilot program for the certification of non-medical health management services. This initiative, however, faced opposition due to concerns about potential healthcare privatization. This study aimed to examine whether the certification pilot program promotes healthcare privatization by utilizing a classification framework for public service provision. Contrary to initial concerns, it appears that the government sought to ensure publicness by acting as an intermediary between service beneficiaries and private providers, thereby incorporating the efficiency and accessibility of the private sector into the system. To address the potential exacerbation of health inequalities through technological monopolies and large-scale capital investment, continuous discussion and consensus among various social stakeholders surrounding this system will be necessary.