Services In Different Regions Research Articles

STATE REGULATION OF SCALING INNOVATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE AND THE EU

The article examines the implementation of innovations in industrial enterprises, as well as their sources of funding in Ukraine and Europe. The role of innovation infrastructure as a driver of economic development of national and regional economy due to the formation of a holistic goal to scale innovation and the relationship of various stakeholders involved in innovation, the formation of the investment environment. The paper identifies problems and areas for improving innovation in the regions of Ukraine and the motives for implementing new projects. Based on the analysis of statistical data on the development of innovation in the regions of Ukraine and in order to identify strategic instruments of state regulation for the development and scaling of innovations, identified and described the shortcomings and conditions for the development of innovation infrastructure. Based on the study of statistical reporting of Ukraine and European countries, it is determined that the improvement of innovation policy and competition of enterprises is possible with the implementation of new technologies for the production and implementation of innovative services in different regions of the country. It is established that the indicators of development and scaling of innovations in the regions of Ukraine have a steady trend, which affects the destructive processes in the country, and funding such an important component of innovation development as research aimed primarily at the public sector, while in the European Union - at business sector. With effective government stimulation of the business sector and the provision of positive state, regional and local conditions, the situation regarding economic and innovation indicators in Ukraine may have a positive dynamics in the future. It is established that when forming strategies for the development of innovation infrastructure, it is necessary to pay attention to the feedback between the business sector and the interests of the country and gradually move to the European experience of innovation development. This strategy will create progressive models for coordinating the scaling up of innovation for the country's sustainable development.

Maxillofacial and dental-related injuries from a Brazilian forensic science institute: Victims and perpetrators characteristics and associated risk factors.

BackgroundTrauma due to external causes represents one of the greatest challenges for public health services in different regions around the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of facial trauma, associated risk factors, and classification of body injuries in individuals who underwent forensic examination in a Brazilian center. Material and MethodsData were collected at the Ceará State Forensic Medicine unit in a 12-year period. Sociodemographic data related to the etiological agent and lesions resulting from the bodily injury were recorded. ResultsAmong 1,031 physical injury exams, physical aggression (p<0.001), male victims aged between 21 and 30 years (p<0.001), salaried workers (p<0.001), and soft tissue and dentoalveolar injuries were significant findings. Regarding aggression, domestic violence was prevalent (p<0.001), perpetrated by the victim’s partner (p<0.001), using a blunt instrument during the aggression (p<0.001), and directly associated with soft tissue injury (p<0.001). In traffic accidents, the most common type was motorcycle accident (p<0.001), on weekdays (p=0.036), at nighttime (p=0.134), showing a significant association with bone fractures (p=0.001). Conclusions Oral and maxillofacial injuries obtained from a Brazilian forensic science center were significantly associated with sociodemographic and etiological factors. Key words:Forensic dentistry, facial trauma, violence, public health.

Determinants of price level differences in Russian regions

ABSTRACTWe examine the factors determining regional price differentiation in the Russian Federation. According to official statistics, the price of a fixed set of goods and services in different regions may currently differ more than two-fold. Employing panel data analysis for 2000–2015, we find differences in regional prices were caused by the following factors: the Balassa–Samuelson effect (differences in wages, regional economic structure, income structure); regional trade costs (distance of the region from other regions); and the level of monopolisation of retail trade. The results obtained in the article can be used in developing and implementing economic policy aimed at the reduction of poverty, in assessing the efficiency of transport and logistical projects, and also in developing and analysing the consequences of monetary policy. Taking into account price differences between regions can therefore improve accuracy in forecasting the consequences of measures of monetary policy.

Evaluation of reconfigurations of acute stroke services in different regions of England and lessons for implementation: a mixed-methods study

Evaluation of reconfigurations of acute stroke services in different regions of England and lessons for implementation: a mixed-methods study

AUDIT SERVICE MARKET ANALYSIS IN UKRAINE

The analysis of the audit services market clearly demonstrates a significant fluctuation in the quantity and cost of services in different regions, which in most cases depends on the concentration of industrial enterprises, the solvency of the audit customers themselves and their understanding of the cost and quality of audit services. This article is dedicated to this, in which such fundamental issues of the activities of audit firms and auditors as entering the professional services market, the quality of such services, and pricing for audit services are examined. The analysis of the audit services market clearly demonstrates a significant fluctuation in the quantity and cost of services in different regions, which in most cases depends on the concentration of industrial enterprises, the solvency of the audit customers themselves and their understanding the cost and quality of audit services. The article considers such problems of the auditors and audit firms activities as entering the professional services market, the quality of such services, and pricing of audit services. The analysis of the market of audit services is presented, which demonstrates a significant fluctuation in the quantity and cost of services in different regions, which in most cases depends on the solvency of audit customers, the concentration of industrial enterprises and the quality of audit services provided. The analysis of the audit activities results and the state of the market for audit services indicates that the audit market suffers from changes occurring in the country, which indicate that the audit market is functioning and transforming as a result of a number of factors, in particular: crisis phenomena in society; stricter requirements for the audit profession by regulators; imperfection of the legislative framework; lack of a mechanism for pricing audit services; lack of punishment for false information in the reports of auditors; insufficient number of highly qualified auditors; decrease in solvency of audit customersю It was found that, along with a decrease in the number of subjects of audit activity in the Register of Audit Firms, there is a tendency to increase the volume of services provided. It is proved that in order to increase the value of the audit, introduce and operate a system for ensuring the quality of audit services, improve the professional knowledge of practicing accountants, increase the market for audit services and ensure the important role of the audit profession recognized in our society, constant monitoring and development of decisions on issues related to the functioning of the audit system in Ukraine are necessary. Keywords: audit, market, competition, audit quality, cost of audit services, subjects of audit activity

Regional disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Hungary in people aged 50 years and older

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main causes of blindness among persons aged 50 years and older. The purpose of our survey was to estimate the prevalence of DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR), as well as to assess the coverage of diabetic eye care services in different regions of Hungary. In 105 clusters, 3675 people aged 50 years and older were included in the survey. The standardized rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) with the diabetic retinopathy module (DRM) was used to examine the participants. Thereafter, differences between West-, Middle- and East-Hungary were analysed. Prevalence of DM was higher in East-Hungary (20.9%), than in West- (19.5%) and in Middle-Hungary (19.5%). Prevalence od DR was higher in West-Hungary (24.1%), than in Middle- (17.8%) and in East-Hungary (19.6%). Proportion of participants who never had a fundus examination for DR was the lowest in Middle-Hungary (19.1%). Primary care should be strenghten mainly in country settlements or telemedical eye screening program should be started to decrease the prevalence of diabetic eye complications. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(10), 362-367.

Evaluation of Ecology, Land Uses in Different Parts and the State of the Land Uses’ per Capita of Ahwaz City

There has been a progressively rivalry among different cities for attaining development opportunities and attraction of economic and social capitals in the recent years. In this universal rivalry, the quality of spaces and urban design are considered as key factors for evaluating cities. Therefore, in this research in order to comprehend the spatial deficiency of the public welfare services in different regions of Ahwaz city, issues such as land uses in different parts of the city, the state and per capita of land uses in the city and comparison of the current land uses with per capita of Comprehensive Plan approved in 1988 are analyzed. Also, evaluation and comparison of the land uses distribution state in different parts of Ahwaz in form of different regions of the city, population distribution in those regions, residential spaces distribution in the regions, commercial spaces distribution in the regions, educational spaces distribution in the regions, religious, sanitary and therapeutic, athletic, administrative spaces, green spaces and other spaces distribution in the different regions are also evaluated in this research.

Influence of supply and demand factors at the development of environmentally responsible housing and utilities sector in the Russian Federation

Empirical marketing regional research on supply and demand factors of housing and communal services (HCS) revealed determinants of customer loyalty and satisfaction with the service level and factors influencing on willingness to purchase additional services. Specific features of housing and utilities sector (HUS) as a social significant industry determine requirements to models reflecting reciprocal influence of indices of satisfaction, loyalty and economic indices of operation. The article presents definition of requirements along with development of techniques for modeling influence of satisfaction and loyalty on consumer behaviour of clients. The authors demonstrate trustworthy statistical results of correlative interrelationship of different factors. There have been designed regression models for taking management solutions by executives of management company housing and communal services at the development environmental responsibility. The causes that lead and hamper development of socially oriented services in different regions of the Russian Federation have been identified.

First steps Towards Islamic Finance Regulation in the Russian Federation

Until recently, Islamic Finance was considered to be mostly a theoretical issue for the Russian economy, although there were some attempts to institute Islamic financial services in different regions of the country. However, in 2014-2015 the situation has changed and issues of Islamic finance regulation began to be revised by Russian authorities. This paper aims at investigating the economic and legislative background for Islamic finance development in Russia and shedding light on the possible solutions for appropriate changes to financial and banking legislation so that Islamic finance can be successfully integrated into the Russian economy. To meet these objectives, the history of the development of Islamic financial institutions in Russia was overviewed and the experiences of other countries that have already implemented Islamic financial instruments in their financial system under the “conventional plus” system were revised.

Joint Planning of Fleet Deployment, Speed Optimization, and Cargo Allocation for Liner Shipping

In this paper, we study a comprehensive model that addresses fleet deployment, speed optimization, and cargo allocation jointly, so as to maximize total profits at the strategic level. Our model considers a general fuel consumption function that depends on speed and load. To overcome intractability caused by nonlinear terms, we further separate fuel cost into two terms associated with ship speed and load to obtain a mixed integer linear programming formulation for approximation. Based on column generation techniques, we develop an iterative search algorithm that adaptively reorganizes the approximated formulation. We conduct extensive experiments using generated data sets from actual liner shipping services in different regions of the world to show the effectiveness of our approach as well as the significant impact of speed-load factors on fuel consumptions. Managerial insights are obtained by testing the model under different scenarios, which may greatly assist decision makers in the liner shipping industry.

Indicators for spatial–temporal comparisons of ecosystem service status between regions: A case study of the Taihu River Basin, China

With the development of ecological science, the demand to integrate ecosystem services into ecological management is increasing. Stakeholders are interested in comparing stocks and ability to supply ecosystem services in different regions. However, different areas may have different primary ecosystem services and knowledge of the aggregated value of ecosystem services may be lacking, making comparisons difficult. Relevant indicators that can integrate a group of ecosystem services for comparison are therefore needed. This paper formulated two indicators, ecosystem service supply rate and supply–demand ratio, and applied them in a case study to compare and map the spatial–temporal status of ecosystem services and the ability to supply these in different regions. Using nine regions in the Taihu River Basin in China as an example, data obtained from high-resolution spatial land use, land cover maps and stakeholder interviews were used to identify the spatial–temporal potential supply and flow of ecosystem services and human demand patterns. The results showed that ecosystem service supply rate had declined from 2000 to 2010, indicating that the overall proportion of potential ecosystem services turned into flow in the Taihu River Basin declined. Determination of supply–demand ratio revealed that the status of ecosystem service provision in the basin is in deficit, with the deficit increasing between 2000 and 2010. These findings indicate that ecosystem service supply rate and supply–demand ratio are useful indicators of ecosystem service status and can permit comparisons between regions on both a spatial and temporal scale.

Identification and Suppression of Nonmeteorological Echoes Using Spectral Polarimetric Processing

The presence of nonmeteorological radar signals, such as sea clutter, birds, and chaff, is a continuous challenge for meteorological services in different regions. In this paper, we assign membership functions to these signals using spectral decompositions of copolar correlation coefficient, differential reflectivity, and differential phase. Additionally, we apply the dual-polarization spectral decomposition technique to identify and suppress nonmeteorological echoes present in radar observations. The performance of the polarimetric spectral filter is illustrated in observations from the C-band Helsinki University Kumpula radar. The results show that the spectral polarimetric filter may be a suitable solution for the mitigation of these nonmeteorological signals.

Relationshipship between the population aging and the supply of services in different regions in Lithuania

An aging population is defined in the scientific literature as changes in the structural age composition of the population, which leadsto growth in the population of those who are 60 years and older. The aging of population is a social and economic problem that needsto be understood and addressed. Aging of the population has a significant impact on national economies, as well as within individualregions of the country. The old age index has a significant impact on regional supply of services. It is worth stressing that in orderto improve a community’s quality of life and reduce disparities between regions, it is necessary to continually assess the level ofdevelopment and regional development opportunities. Evaluation of the regional socio-economic situation should be performedperiodically, so that regional policy measures can be directed to the areas of greatest need.KEY WORDS: population aging, regional development, supply of services.

Development and validation of the Attitudes to Pharmacist Services for Diabetes Scale (APSDS).

Community pharmacists are uniquely placed to deliver a range of services to support clients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However successful uptake of new services depends on consumers' willingness to access these. An understanding of consumer perspectives is thus pivotal to designing appropriate services and to developing strategies to promote uptake. To develop and validate a new measure the "Attitudes to Pharmacist Services for Diabetes Scale" (APSDS) and to assess consumers' interest in receiving diabetes services from community pharmacy. The APSDS, based on Donabedian's model of service quality, comprised 14 items on a five-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. A cross-sectional online and postal survey was conducted among T2D members of the Australian Diabetes Council between April and June 2013. The sample was randomly split into two groups. Construct validity was first examined with principal components analysis (PCA) and Rasch analysis on the first sample and confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis on the second sample. Criterion validity was examined through correlation of APSDS scores with variables predicted a priori to correlate with consumer attitudes. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha. 540 consumers completed the survey (57.6% male). PCA produced a two-component solution. The two sub-scales were labeled "Attitudes to pharmacy diabetes services" (6 items; α=0.92) and "Attitudes to pharmacist competency in diabetes care" (4 items; α=0.89). Fit of the data to the Rasch model was generally good. APSDS sub-scale scores were positively correlated with likelihood of using pharmacy service for diabetes (Spearman's rho=0.30, 0.32). The CFA confirmed the two-component solution. The APSDS scales represent a valid and reliable tool which may serve to identify attitudes to pharmacists' diabetes services in different regions and communities as well as measure the impact of pharmacy diabetes interventions on consumer perspectives.

Early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the health services in different regions of Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the infected person's first contact with the health services, for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in different regions of Brazil. METHOD: a cross-sectional study undertaken in 6 municipalities in the South-east, South and North-east regions of Brazil. Data collection involved secondary sources and interviews with the patients. The data was analyzed using descriptive techniques and multiple correspondence factor analysis. RESULTS: Primary Health Care (PHC) presented the longest time to diagnosis and the lowest proportion of diagnoses. The services associated with diagnosis in the first consultation were the specialized services and the Tuberculosis Control Programs, which offer consultations and tests on-site. CONCLUSION: For the control of TB, it is necessary to organize the work in an integrated way between the different services' teams. In Primary Health Care, it is also necessary to observe the extent of incorporation and sustainability in the implementation of these actions into the health services' daily practice.

Infrastructure Sharing as an Opportunity to Promote Competition in Local Access Networks

Telecom infrastructures are facing unprecedented challenges, with increasing demands on network capacity. Today, network operators must determine how to expand the existing access network infrastructure into networks capable of satisfying the user’s requirements. Thus, in this context, providers need to identify the technological solutions that enable them to profitably serve customers and support future needs. However, the identification of the “best” solution is a difficult task. Although the cost of bandwidth in the active layer has reduced significantly (and continually) in recent years, the cost of the civil works—such as digging and trenching—represents a major barrier for operators to deploy NGA infrastructure. Duct is a critical part of the next-generation access networks, and its sharing would reduce or eliminate this capital cost and this barrier to entry. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the economics of broadband access networks technologies (wireline and wireless), their role in the deployment of several services in different regions, and the development of competition in the access networks.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF HOSPITALS BY THE CHANGE OF THEIR LEGAL FORM CASES FROM CZECH REPUBLIC

This paper aims to describe and analyze the process of transforming hospitals by changing their legal status. The paper analyzes a sample of approximately 80 hospitals operating in the Czech Republic which have gone through the transformation process. Empirical research has been carried out by the evaluation of secondary economic data and internal materials of hospitals providing health care services in different regions of the country. Particular emphasis is put on the process of changing the legal status from public hospitals to private limited companies and the assessment of the causality of this process. It further describes the reasons for the transformation and its practical implications in hospital management using a legal business entity, focusing on the clarification of the administrative aspects of hospital management/ownership. This study is based on the comparison of the hospitals’ activities provided by the hospital management, both during the pre-transitional and post-transitional phases. The research outcomes evaluate the effect of governance and management of new legal entities in selected areas within the field of healthcare services.

Summary of Proceedings of the IUSTI Global Challenges Symposium (ISSTDR 2007/10th IUSTI World Congress)

Working in our own geographical areas it can be easy to take a parochial view of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and control. But although the problems and challenges faced by STI physicians vary enormously around the world there are also common themes which can benefit from a common approach. By understanding how health services in different regions identify and address STI control we can contribute and improve our local services and contribute to the development of global STI care. At the 17th conference of the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research (ISSTDR) in Seattle a symposium on Global Challenges was organized by the International Union against STIs (IUSTI) to provide feedback from physicians around the world on what they consider to be their greatest challenges. Moderated by Angelika Stary and Kit Fairley the symposium included contributions from North and South America Africa Europe and Asia-Pacific regions. In this article the speakers have summarized their talks and provide an insight into the many challenges facing global STI control today. (excerpt)

Smaller Real Regional Income Gap than Nominal Income Gap: A Price-adjusted Study

Two factors determining the level of living in different areas are income level and price level. Current studies on regional gaps concentrate on the gap in income levels. The present paper studies the impact of the two variables on the real living standards in different regions, with the real gap in the living standards calculated with price adjustment by taking into consideration only the deviations brought about by cash income. The basic conclusion is that, despite China's economy having witnessed rapid growth, the statistics at the macro level cannot disguise the obvious gaps among regions; therefore, as a result of the impact of income and price, the real gap in the living standards among different regions is smaller than the gap indicated by the nominal income level. As people are sensitive to cash income level, they have a low sensitivity to changes in real purchasing power. In other words, in areas that have the same real income levels, people tend to think that people live better when the nominal income and price are both high. The differences in price indices among different regions show that the same cash income can get different goods and services in different regions. This explains the rationale of the existence of floating workers among different regions. On this basis, we predict that people working in high-income areas who enjoy higher levels of social security might prefer to live in low-price areas after retirement if the social security payment method becomes more flexible. (Edited by Xinyu Fan)

Outcomes-based resource allocation for indigenous health services: a model for Northern Australia?

Wide differentials continue to exist in mortality rates and other health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. In the Northern Territory (NT), where Aborigines make up 24% of the population, the all-causes age-adjusted Standardised Mortality Ratio for Aborigines compared to non-Aborigines has remained above 3 since the late 1970s, with significant regional variations. During 1995 an expenditure analysis was undertaken for primary health care (PHC) services in different regions of the NT and compared to mortality ratios. At the same time a method for needs-based funding was being developed which could replace the existing historical funding arrangements. In the first instance, the application of a simplified version of this Resource Allocation Formula (RAF) resulted in a significant shift of resources for new prevention program funding to regions of relatively high mortality and low per capita PHC expenditure. However, developing RAFs to redistribute at the margin within the NT is likely to generate further inequities between losing NT programs and counterparts in other states. If outcomes-based resource allocation is to be meaningful nationally, the reference point for the RAF should be national average PHC expenditure rather than existing state averages. There is a need for a combined approach to outcomes-based planning which takes into account both the equity arguments of resource allocation models and efficiency arguments to maximise health gains. Some of these arguments are explored in this paper.