Service For Multimedia Applications Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI MULTIMEDIA DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA LAYANAN PADA KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA KECAMATAN PASAR JAMBI

Pasar Jambi District Religious Affairs Office, Jambi City, Jambi Province. The function of the Pasar Jambi District Religious Affairs Office is to carry out marriage registration, reconciliation, mosque construction, zakat, endowments and other social services. This research is to build a Multimedia Application Service for the Pasar Jambi District Religious Affairs Office. The Service Multimedia Application is a comprehensive overview of marriage registration which includes information, registration, announcements, services, facilities and infrastructure as a back-up for the Pasar District KUA Service Multimedia Application. Therefore, profile and service data must be available, complete and accountable. Through thesis activities, Nurdin Hamzah University tried to create a multimedia service application at KUA Pasar which is located in Jambi Province in an effort to create a Multimedia Application for Wedding Services at KUA Pasar Jambi. Based on the identification of the problem, therefore, the objectives of this thesis research activity are: 1) create a profile of the KUA Pasar and 2) a Multimedia Application for Wedding Services that can be accessed computerized and programmed using the Visual Studio Code programming language, MySQL database, XAMPP, Capcut and Medibang Paint. The requirements for the KUA Service Multimedia Application System are: 1) The input required in creating the system is service video data, 2) The processes required for creating the system are the main page process, the history page process, the structure page process, and the vision and mission page process and 3) The output required is a video of KUA services.

Four-Layer QoS Analysis for Multimedia Traffic over Wi-Fi Network at UPNVJ Laboratory

One technique to evaluate and enhance the quality of telecommunications services is to monitor and measure the Quality of Service (QoS) and the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). This method is suitable to be performed in an area that provides public Wi-Fi for multi-user, such as Wi-Fi at the UPN Veteran Jakarta Electrical Engineering Laboratory. The survey results show that there are still many issues experienced by users regarding the availability, accessibility, retainability, and stability of the network and application services accessed. The multimedia application services analyzed in this study are WhatsApp Desktop Call (voice traffic), Zoom Meeting (video traffic), and the UPNVJ LeADS web (data traffic). The tools used for data collection are Wireshark, PRTG, router admin panel web, and Command Prompt. Based on the monitoring, it was found that: network quality degrades when connected to more than 5 devices at the same time, frequent downtime conditions can reach 54% in a day, and the average data packet traffic speed across one device is 4,34 Mbps. Based on the average calculation of the QoS parameters measured: the highest throughput value is obtained on the UPNVJ LeADS web which reaches 102,09 Kbps, the highest delay value is obtained in the WA Desktop Call which reaches 521,39 ms, the highest jitter value is obtained in the WA Desktop Call which reaches 1,21 ms, and the highest packet loss value is obtained in Zoom Meeting which reaches 2,16%. The most common issue experienced by users is the “no internet” condition on the Wi-Fi network. The solution for network optimization in this condition can be done by administration setting and network management.

Priority Based Transmission Rate Control with Neural Network Controller in WMSNs

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are networks of wirelessly interconnected sensor nodes equipped with multimedia devices, such as cameras and microphones. Thus a WMSN will have the capability to transmit multimedia data, such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar data from the environment. Most applications of WMSNs require the delivery of multimedia information with a certain level of Quality of Service (QoS). This is a challenging task because multimedia applications typically produce huge volumes of data requiring high transmission rates and extensive processing; the high data transmission rate of WMSNs usually leads to congestion, which in turn reduces the Quality of Service (QoS) of multimedia applications. To address this challenge, This paper proposes the Neural Control Exponential Weight of Priority Based Rate Control (NEWPBRC) algorithm for adjusting the node transmission rate and facilitate the problem of congestion occur in WMSNs. The proposed algorithm combines Neural Network Controller (NC) with the Exponential Weight of Priority Based Rate Control (EWPBRC) algorithms. The NC controller can calculate the appropriate weight parameter λ in the Exponential Weight (EW) algorithm for estimating the output transmission rate of the sink node, and then ,on the basis of the priority of each child node , an appropriate transmission rate is assigned . The proposed algorithm can support four different traffic classes namely, Real Time traffic class (RT class); High priority, Non Real-Time traffic class (NRT1 class); Medium priority, Non Real-Time traffic class (NRT2 class); and Low priority, Non Real-Time traffic class (NRT3 class). Simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce congestion and enhance the transmission rate. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can enhance Quality of Service (QoS) by achieve better throughput, and reduced the transmission delay and loss probability.

Design of Secure Authentication Handover Protocol for Innovative Mobile Multimedia Services in 5G MEC Environments

<p>5G advanced technology has introduced innovative multimedia services, thus propelling the rise of the mobile multimedia market. While the ubiquity of mobile multimedia services has boosted customer convenience, it has also unlocked the way to possible security concerns that potentially damage users’ privacy and service providers’ properties. Several standards and researches have been proposed to counter these threats, notably those concentrating on authentication between users and service applications. Unfortunately, these studies are limited to address a new challenge, secure handover among distributed application functions in 5G Multi-access Edge Cloud (MEC) environments. Motivated by this, we present a handover authentication protocol with push-key and pull-key optimization options in 5G mobile multimedia application services. The proposed protocol provides mutual authentication, secure key exchange, confidentiality, and integrity. Furthermore, it also supports perfect forward secrecy, optimal handover, and anonymity, which were not previously considered in prior studies. While formal verification through BAN Logic and Scyther proved that the protocol is secure against attacks that violate the supported security requirements, comparative analysis of the proposed protocol against existing studies demonstrates that the protocol is simultaneously efficient.</p> <p> </p>

On the evaluation of the IEEE 802.11ac WLAN performance with QoS deployment

The increase in the number of users on wireless local area networks (WLAN) and the development of large size applications have increased the demand for high-speed data rate and low latency. The IEEE 802.11ac was developed to provide very high throughput WLANs. Many enhancements are added to the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers to increase data rate and improve network performance, these features enable the IEEE 802.11ac standard to provide quality of service (QoS) for multimedia applications. This paper concentrates on the impact of QoS on the system performance in term of delay and throughput. Four scenarios are proposed to investigate the network performance with different (from 1 up to 8) spatial stream (SS). The objective modular network testbed in C++ (OMNet++ modeler v5.5.1) is used to simulate and model these scenarios. For 8×8 SS, the results of simulation show the best throughput (maximum) and delay (minimum) values of (622, 484, 399.3, 382.96 Mbps) and (0.0211, 0.0589, 0.1037, 0.1202 sec) for 5, 15, 30 and 45 node number scenarios respectively. Although the number of nodes increases, the system performance decreases, however when QoS is deployed the performance is enhanced and its best improvement is obtained at the highest (45) node number scenario with values of 94.4% and 56.1% for throughput and delay respectively.

An Optimization Model with Network Edges for Multimedia Sensors Using Artificial Intelligence of Things.

In modern years, network edges have been explored by many applications to lower communication and management costs. They are also integrated with the internet of things (IoT) to achieve network design, in terms of scalability and heterogeneous services for multimedia applications. Many proposed solutions are performing a vital role in the development of robust protocols and reducing the response time for critical networks. However, most of them are not able to support the forwarding processes of high multimedia traffic under dynamic characteristics with constraint bandwidth. Moreover, they increase the rate of data loss in an uncertain environment and compromise network performance by increasing delivery delay. Therefore, this paper presents an optimization model with mobile edges for multimedia sensors using artificial intelligence of things, which aims to maintain the process of real-time data collection with low consumption of resources. Moreover, it improves the unpredictability of network communication with the integration of software-defined networks (SDN) and mobile edges. Firstly, it utilizes the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), forming the multi-hop network and guaranteed the primary services for constraints network with stable resources management. Secondly, the SDN performs direct association with mobile edges to support the load balancing for multimedia sensors and centralized the management. Finally, multimedia traffic is heading towards applications in an unchanged form and without negotiating using the sharing of subkeys. The experimental results demonstrated its effectiveness for delivery rate by an average of 35%, processing delay by an average of 29%, network overheads by an average of 41%, packet drop ratio by an average of 39%, and packet retransmission by an average of 34% against existing solutions.

Learning-Based Low-Latency VIoT Video Streaming Against Jamming and Interference

Video streaming of the Visual Internet of Things (VIoT) has to guarantee the quality of service for latency-sensitive multimedia applications against jamming and interference. In this article, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based low-latency VIoT video streaming scheme, which enables base stations to choose the streaming policy without relying on the known channel and jamming model. In this scheme, the video compression encoding rate, the modulation and coding rate, the transmit channel, and the power level are chosen according to the received signal strength indicator, the buffer queuing length, the received jamming power, and the previous video streaming quality. A deep RL version is proposed for the base stations with sufficient computational resources, in which three deep neural networks are designed to provide accurate policy distribution and Q value approximations, and the policy entropy is evaluated to avoid choosing the local optimal policy. We discuss their computational complexity and formulate the game model between the jammer and the base station. Simulation results are provided to validate the efficacy of our proposed schemes.

Performance Model for Media Streaming Bandwidth Allocation using p2p

Media streaming applications are becoming quite popular in the Internet due to the enhancements that are taking place in Internet Protocol (IP) networks to support the required Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia applications. However, the centralized data center approach or a single Internet Service Provider (ISP) handling the load on its own is not a feasible solution to support the ever increasing number of users. In other words the conventional way of supplying the media content to the users suffers from scalability problem. This system follows the arrangement of a set of Internet Service Provider (ISP) that collaborate among them to utilize their resources optimally. This helps the content providers and the viewers to provide and view the videos without the bottleneck that may be caused by the centralized approach. Moreover the ISPs follow a non-linear time tariff pattern where it is necessary for the customers to pay a predetermined amount to the ISPs irrespective of the usage pattern. In this approach it is difficult to decide the time and the amount of bandwidth required optimally. However, the non-linear time tariff model permits the discount scheme. Hence this system follows the Prediction Based Resource Allocation (PBRA) algorithm that helps the ISPs to allot the right amount of bandwidth at right time to the content providers. The prediction based resource allocation algorithm and the collaborative approach among the ISPs help the ISPs and media providers to solve the scalability problem. However, a typical pay per use model cannot support any discount scheme. Hence, in this project work a hybrid approach has been followed

An Efficient Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) Policy Retrieval Method Based on Attribute and Value Levels in Multimedia Networks.

Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) brings convenient and intelligent services while also bringing huge challenges to multimedia data security and privacy. Access control is used to protect the confidentiality and integrity of restricted resources. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) implements fine-grained control of resources in an open heterogeneous IoMT environment. However, due to numerous users and policies in ABAC, access control policy evaluation is inefficient, which affects the quality of multimedia application services in the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper proposed an efficient policy retrieval method to improve the performance of access control policy evaluation in multimedia networks. First, retrieve policies that satisfy the request at the attribute level by computing based on the binary identifier. Then, at the attribute value level, the depth index was introduced to reconstruct the policy decision tree, thereby improving policy retrieval efficiency. This study carried out simulation experiments in terms of the different number of policies and different policy complexity situation. The results showed that the proposed method was three to five times more efficient in access control policy evaluation and had stronger scalability.

Dynamic Spectrum Access for Multimedia Transmission Over Multi-User, Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

The optimal spectrum access strategy is investigated for multi-user multi-channel scenario in cognitive radio networks. At first, an online learning method based on Dirichlet Process is adopted to predict the channel usage based on ACK/NACK feedbacks, which can avoid frequent information exchange among users. Based on the prediction result, the delay performance can be computed when a user transmits certain percentage of multimedia packets on a specific channel. Second, the packet delivery ratio (PDR) is derived from the prediction result of channel usage to reflect the accessing competition among multiple users. Finally, the quality of service (QoS) of multimedia applications is defined as the joint delay and throughput performances. Moreover, a dynamic spectrum access scheme is proposed to optimize the QoS metrics. The simulation results demonstrate that the QoS and the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed spectrum access algorithm outperform the three existing spectrum access algorithms, i.e., cognitive cross-layer algorithm, dynamic learning algorithm, and dynamic least interference algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieves more than 21.8%, 5.4%, and 3.9% PDR enhancement and over 3.23 dB, 0.82 dB, and 0.50 dB PSNR gains, compared with those three algorithms, given the transmission power as 10, 20, and 30 units, respectively.

Receiver-Assisted Partial-Reliable Multimedia Multipathing Over Multi-Homed Wireless Networks

With the advancement of multimedia technologies and driven by the ever-increasing user interests in the variety of multimedia applications, the content-rich multimedia streaming services tend to be the most attractive service in future Internet. The multipath TCP (MPTCP), which uses multiple paths for parallel transmission and bandwidth aggregation, is considered to be the most potential transfer mechanism to satisfy the specific requirements of multimedia transmission in a multi-homed wireless network environment. However, the fully-reliable transmission nature of MPTCP can cause an unnecessary retransmission of expired multimedia data, block message from handing over to upper layer, and thus degrade the user-perceived multimedia service quality. In this paper, we propose a receiver-centric partial-reliable multipath transport solution (referred to as $rec$ PR-MPTCP) to support real-time Internet multimedia applications. In the $rec$ PR-MPTCP, a partial reliability extension is presented which runs at receiver side in order to offer a partial reliability multipathing service for multimedia applications. In addition, a new one-way delay-based bandwidth aggregation method is included into the $rec$ PR-MPTCP in order to reduce the receive buffer blocking problem in MPTCP and increase multimedia services performance. Simulation results show that $rec$ PR-MPTCP outperforms the current MPTCP solutions in terms of throughput performance and user-perceived quality of service.

An IP Multimedia Subsystem Services Proxy Gateway Based on a JAVA Dynamic Module System

By virtue of the rapid development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), people have owned various devices connected to the Internet to enjoy various emerging application services, such as multimedia related services. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the integration platform for multimedia application services and provides a rich feature set of converged services in the Next Generation Network (NGN). IMS services are accessed by a user anytime and anywhere through his/her personal self IMS device, e.g., mobile device, equipped with a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) card. People have owned various devices connected to the Internet at homes or offices. However, some devices can not access IMS services without USIM cards embedded, which is called non-IMS devices. People wish that more devices without USIM cards embedded should be connected to the Internet on which IMS services are accessed in addition to the mobile devices equipped with USIM cards. Accordingly, we propose an Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi)-based IMS service gateway, in which OSGi technology is the dynamic module system for JAVA. The proposed gateway is authorized by a personal self IMS device such that IMS services are accessed by non-IMS devices, in this paper. Moreover, these non-IMS devices rely on different networks to access technologies and network protocols and the IMS service gateway proposed here adopts the OSGi framework for no problem of integration.

Provisioning Quality of Service for Multimedia Applications in Cloud Computing

Provisioning Quality of Service for Multimedia Applications in Cloud Computing

A Routing Optimization Based on Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs)

Multimedia applications are routed from source nodes via neighboring nodes to a sink in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). However, the existing routing protocols in the WMSNs do not fulfill the quality of service (QoS) constraint yet for multimedia transmission. The WMSNs have specific characteristics such as multi-hop way, limited node capability and varying bandwidth, which can affect the quality of service of multimedia applications during the routing process. The best quality of service (QoS) is required by the multimedia applications consisting of high throughput, low end-to-end delay and low packet drop rate. A routing optimization based on the cross-layer design is proposed for multimedia transmission in the WMSNs. The cross-layer design utilizes H.264/Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and has been implemented in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) simulation. The NS2 simulation indicates that the H.264/SVC video application has an average delay of 0.02 sec. Thus, the routing optimization has accomplished to deliver multimedia application successfully via Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN).

Guest Editorial Special Issue on Hybrid Intelligence for Internet of Vehicles

The papers in this special section focus on hybrid intelligence for the Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). IoV refers to dynamic mobile communication systems that communicate between vehicles and public networks using vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-road, vehicle-to-human, and vehicle-to-sensor interactions. It enables information sharing and the gathering of information on vehicles, roads, and their surroundings. Moreover, it features the processing, computing, sharing, and secure release of information onto information platforms. Based on this data, the system can effectively guide and supervise vehicles and provide abundant multimedia and mobile Internet application services. The major subjects of these papers cover methodologies, modeling, analysis, and newly introduced communication technologies and applications. More specifically, main topics are computational intelligence for ambient-assisted driving, human behavior analysis, modeling and understanding, driver’s activity recognition, processing of sensor data, vehicle communication, information security, mobile social networks, and machine learning. All of these papers not only provide novel ideas and state-of-the-art techniques in the field, but also stimulate future research in the sustainable environment.

Cross Layer Architecture for Maintaining QoS in Multimedia Applications

Background/Objectives: Multimedia Applications on Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are gaining immense popularity recently due to their necessity in latest environments. Hence, multimedia applications like video streaming, video conferencing and environment monitoring must be made possible in real-time in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Mobility of nodes, life of battery, changes in topology and protocols affect the performance of MANET. Hence providing good Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia applications in MANET is a challenge. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The RED algorithm with video precedence called as SiViRED (Significant Video Information Random Early Detection) - AQM in the Network layer that provides service differentiation based on the pre-assigned service classes and video packet drop priority specified in packet header. This will reduce congestion and decrease delay and jitter when compared to conventional methods. Findings: Proposed a novel technique that uses a cross layer architecture in which information from application layer is used with UDPLite in Transport layer and Active Queue Management (AQM) with SiViRED in Network Layer with modified dynamic mapping in MAC layer that guarantees 14% increase in Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSR) and 40% decrease in delay compared to conventional methods. Application/Improvements: Developed a cross layer technique that improves the end-to-end performance of multimedia services over Mobile Ad hoc Networks.

Distributed Resource Reservation in Hybrid MAC With Admission Control for Wireless Mesh Networks

Providing guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for multimedia applications is a challenging topic in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This paper proposes a distributed resource reservation (RR) mechanism with novel admission control to guarantee QoS performance of real-time sessions (RTSNs) while improving bandwidth utilization in WMNs. The proposed RR mechanism establishes logical clusters (LCs) for identifying interference relationships between nodes and avoids simultaneous transmissions from interfering nodes. Following the established LCs, a cooperative contention and collision-free channel access is achieved in hybrid medium access control (MAC) for multihop data forwarding in WMNs. To efficiently utilize the scarce resources in a contention-free period, soft and hard resources are reserved for RTSNs according to their QoS demands. This is achieved by a novel admission control algorithm. Furthermore, an analytical model is derived for investigating the RR parameters of the proposed mechanism. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism guarantees the QoS for RTSNs while improving bandwidth utilization.

인터넷 라우터에서의 패킷 분류를 위한 2차원 이진 검색 트리

현재의 인터넷 사용자들은 실시간으로 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공 받길 원한다. 이에 네트워크 트래픽의 속도는 매우 빨라지고 있으며, 처리하여야 하는 데이터의 양은 해마다 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 데이터는 ‘패킷’이라는 단위의 데이터형식으로 전송되며, 패킷분류는 인터넷 라우터의 가장 어려운 기능 중 하나로 모든 패킷에 대하여 선속도로 처리되어야 한다. 다양한 패킷 분류 알고리즘 중, 영역분할 패킷분류 알고리즘은 5개의 패킷 헤더 필드 정보를 동시에 검색할 수 있는 효율적인 알고리즘이다. 영역 분할 사분 트라이는 가장 대표적인 영역분할 패킷분류 알고리즘으로 메모리 요구량이 적은 알고리즘이지만, 빠른 검색성능을 보장하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는, 영역 분할 사분 트라이의 단점을 이진 검색 트리를 사용해 보완하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안하는 알고리즘은 입력과 비교되는 룰의 수에 있어 영역 분할 사분트라이 보다 검색 성능이 향상됨을 보았다.

Joint Access Control Based on Access Ratio and Resource Utilization for High-Speed Railway Communications

AbstractThe fast development of high-speed rails makes people’s life more and more convenient. However, provisioning of quality of service of multimedia applications for users on the high-speed train is a critical task for wireless communications. Therefore, new solutions are desirable to be found to address this kind of problem. Current researches mainly focus on providing seamless broadband wireless access for high-speed mobile terminals. In this paper, an algorithm to calculate the optimal resource reservation fraction of handovers is proposed. A joint access control scheme for high-speed railway communication handover scenario is proposed. Metrics of access ratio and resource utilization ratio are considered jointly in the analysis and the performance evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm and the scheme improve quality of service compared with other conventional schemes.

The Effect of the Buffer Size in QoS for Multimedia and Bursty Traffic: When an Upgrade Becomes a Downgrade

This work presents an analysis of the buffer features of an access router, especially the size, the impact on delay and the packet loss rate. In particular, we study how these features can affect the Quality of Service (QoS) of multimedia applications when generating traffic bursts in local networks. First, we show how in a typical SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) network in which several multimedia flows (VoIP, videoconferencing and video surveillance) share access, the upgrade of the bandwidth of the internal network may cause the appearance of a significant amount of packet loss caused by buffer overflow. Secondly, the study shows that the bursty nature of the traffic in some applications traffic (video surveillance) may impair their QoS and that of other services (VoIP and videoconferencing), especially when a certain number of bursts overlap. Various tests have been developed with the aim of characterizing the problems that may appear when network capacity is increased in these scenarios. In some cases, especially when applications generating bursty traffic are present, increasing the network speed may lead to a deterioration in the quality. It has been found that the cause of this quality degradation is buffer overflow, which depends on the bandwidth relationship between the access and the internal networks. Besides, it has been necessary to describe the packet loss distribution by means of a histogram since, although most of the communications present good QoS results, a few of them have worse outcomes. Finally, in order to complete the study we present the MOS results for VoIP calculated from the delay and packet loss rate.