Trade In Services Research Articles

数字贸易壁垒对我国服务贸易竞争力的影响——基于发达国家样本

数字贸易壁垒对我国服务贸易竞争力的影响——基于发达国家样本

Comparative Study on International Competitiveness of Digital Services Trade in BRICS Countries

Comparative Study on International Competitiveness of Digital Services Trade in BRICS Countries

Research on the Impact of Digital Trade Barriers on International Business and Countermeasures

Abstract In the contemporary digital economy, digital trade barriers have emerged as significant external risks for enterprises engaging in international business despite the digital economy’s role as a critical driver of international commerce. This study examines the relationship between digital trade barriers and international business through a theoretical model, investigating the influence mechanisms of digital trade barriers alongside other factors. Utilizing data from several countries spanning from 2015 to 2022, this research employs correlation analysis, benchmark regression, and robustness tests within a constructed benchmark regression model to explore the impact of digital trade barriers on international business. The findings indicate a significant negative correlation between digital trade barriers and international commerce, with a 1% increase in the trade restriction index of digital services resulting in a 0.217% decrease in international commerce (p<0.01). Additionally, while R&D intensity and total trade have positive effects on the development of international commerce, trade openness appears to have a negative impact. Given these results, it is recommended that governments enhance the construction of digital service trade systems and actively engage in the formulation and convergence of international regulations. Simultaneously, enterprises should elevate their technological capabilities related to digitization to effectively navigate and mitigate the impacts of digital trade barriers.

An analysis on health service trade among Bimstec region

An analysis on health service trade among Bimstec region

中国货物贸易对保险服务贸易逆差的影响

中国货物贸易对保险服务贸易逆差的影响

中印数字服务贸易国际竞争力的比较研究

中印数字服务贸易国际竞争力的比较研究

Networking capability as a moderator of resourced based view, market orientation, information technology, and effectuation on SMEs internationalization

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resourced based view, market orientation, implementation of information technology, effectuation and networking capability on the internationalization of Small and Medum Enterprises (SMEs) and the indirect influence between these variables with networking capability as a moderator. The research method uses a quantitative approach. The population and sample in this study are SMEs throughout East Java, Indonesia that have made efforts to internationalize, with data obtained from the Export Center Surabaya office, which is an institution formed by the East Java Provincial Trade Service and the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce. 1346 SMEs were recorded at the Export Center Surabaya office and a sample of 300 SMEs was obtained. The analysis technique used in this study is SEM PLS, which is to determine validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that resourced based view, market orientation, information technology implementation, effectuation and networking capability on SMEs internationalization have a positive and significant effect. Networking capability as a moderator can strengthen the influence of resourced based view and market orientation towards the internationalization of SMEs. Meanwhile, in the effectuation and implementation of information technology relationship with SMEs internationalization, networking capability as a moderator is in a weak position, that is it produces a negative coefficient, with a t-statistic value greater than the t-table.

How the 2008 financial crisis affected the Spanish economy due to household income

<p>Economic crises do not affect all households in the same way; therefore, it is crucial to analyze the differences in their impact based on household income. The last economic crisis, the financial crisis of 2008, lasted until 2013 in Spain; however, economic recovery was not considered to have been effectively achieved until 2016, when economic performance exceeded the pre-crisis level. Economic recovery was not reflected in households in the same way because of household income inequalities. This study identified the different effects of an economic crisis on households and economic sectors through a multisectoral model by analyzing the consumption behaviors of households according to monthly income after the crisis. A simulation was carried out based on consumption data for 2015, which identified the production sectors that suffered the greatest losses because of a crisis-induced decrease in household consumption spending. The results reveal that the decrease in low-income household consumption mainly affected accommodation and food services, manufactured products, wholesale and retail trade services, and activity generated by households as employers of domestic workers.</p>

Truth: A Blockchain-Aided Secure Reputation System With Genuine Feedbacks

E-commerce has changed the way of shopping and played an important role in the world. Therefore, e-commerce platforms require a secure reputation service, which provides genuine reputation of sellers so as to support potential buyers making the right decision while interacting with an e-commerce platform. Unfortunately, most current e-commerce platforms failed to do so because they fully control the reputation service, which make it easy for an adversary to violate the genuineness of the reputation. In this article, we focus on feedback anonymity and authenticity, which are two critical security properties to ensure a genuine reputation of sellers. We present Truth, a blockchain-aided secure reputation system to remove the trustworthiness of the e-commerce platform while ensuring the two security properties. To overcome the usability and security barriers of blockchain systems, Truth adopts a hybrid framework to rely on the centralized e-commerce platform to provide traditional trading services while the blockchain is only used to authenticate the correctness of feedbacks. To decouple the blockchain from the e-commerce platform, we anchor correctness of feedbacks to correctness of cryptographic tokens and leverage the blockchain to solely escrow the tokens. The Truth also proposes a new concept named purchasing endorsed feedback, which is enforced via a collaborative method to prevent injection of fake feedbacks. We have implemented a prototype to demonstrate that the Truth incurs second-level computation overhead and KB-level communication overhead, and achieves hundreds TPS-level thoughts.

The essence and classification of innovations of trade enterprises

The article considered scientific approaches to interpreting the concept of «trade innovation» or «innovation in trade», reflecting its various aspects. It is proposed, given the need for practical application, to use this term in the real sense (as an object). The author's definition of this term has been formulated, taking into account the peculiarities of trade activity, which makes it possible to more fully take into account its components and purpose. Specific features of trade innovations that distinguish them from production and other innovations have been identified: components, goals, mechanisms, spheres, approaches, and directions. It is noted that in order to ensure the innovation process, it is necessary to implement quality management mechanisms for the provision of trade services and the promotion of goods on the market. Three subjects take part in the innovation process: the donor, who generates innovative ideas, develops innovative techniques and technologies and creates information products; a catalyst that provides support for the diffusion of innovation; and a recipient who implements innovation in his own economic activity (trading enterprises). In order for trade innovations to be implemented in practice, it is necessary to ensure: the search for innovative ideas, the development of innovative products, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of use. It is noted that the novelty of the innovation, its application (technical, technological, organizational aspects) and commercialization (financial and economic aspects), which is mandatory, are equally important for trade innovations. It has been established that the efficiency of innovation implementation depends on the level of receptivity of the commercial enterprise to innovative changes and the availability of opportunities for their implementation. Within the scope of innovative development, the trade enterprise uses: object (introduction of new equipment, technologies) and process approaches (new forms and types of trade). It is noted that in trade, unlike other industries, innovations arise due to changes in consumer needs, and not as a result of scientific and technological progress. However, this industry can adopt innovations created in other industries (in particular, industry) by adapting them. Special attention should be paid to the creation, maintenance and improvement of the brand in ensuring the innovative activity of the trading company. A classification of trade innovations has been developed, which considers the classification criteria in terms of the spheres of origin, implementation, impact and consequences. This makes it possible to comprehensively characterize the types of innovation based on the selection of the main classification features.

Документы Российского государственного архива экономики о торговом обслуживании железнодорожников в 1950-е гг.

Based on the analysis of a set of archival documents reflecting the activities of departmental trade management bodies in railway transport, the article examines the key areas of organization of trade services for Soviet railway workers in the 1950s. Despite the existence of separate works on the history of domestic trade and railway infrastructure, carried out at the all-Union, republican and regional levels, taking into account modern achievements of historical science and the development of the source base, the issues of the activities of departments and departments of working supply in terms of managing the work of railway trade enterprises still remain unexplored. The choice of the chronological framework of the conducted research is due to several circumstances. Firstly, by the mid-1950s, the stage of post-war reconstruction of domestic railway transport and its infrastructure was coming to an end. Secondly, in the second half of the 1950s, the active modernization of the industry began, caused by the urgent needs of the country's economic development. The main source for the study of the stated topic are archival documents reflecting the specifics of management activities for the organization of trade in railway transport. The authors of the article identified documentary materials in the 1884 fund (Ministry of Railways of the USSR) of the Russian State Archive of Economics, presented by administrative acts of the Main Directorate of Workers' Supply. They reveal the specifics of the transport trade, the nature of the measures taken to improve the quality of customer service. Geographically, the administration of departmental trade was carried out on the entire railway network of the USSR. Based on the analysis of the contents of these documents, a range of problems that had to be solved by management structures in order to ensure the effective functioning of trading enterprises is presented. Archival documents quite objectively highlight the situation in the transport trade. The accounting documents of the planning and economic divisions of the industry contain valuable statistical data on the number of trading enterprises, the contingent of their employees and the volume of trade turnover. Their introduction into scientific circulation will contribute to a reliable reflection of the role of sectoral social policy designed to create decent working and living conditions for employees as the most important factor stimulating the conscientious performance of professional duties.

How the Data Rules of EU is Exported to the Outside of the Region: Take the EU ’s General Data Protection as an example

The General Data Protection of the European Union, the GDPR is the concentrative embodiment of the stringent regulation of data policy. In the field of cross-border data flows, the “White-List” evaluation mechanism of cross-border data flows is constructed by “adequacy decision”, “appropriate safeguards” and exceptional stipulates. Through the evaluation by the above mechanism, if the protection level of the overseas data recipients is substantially equal to the level of the EU, the EU will authorize the transfers of EU data to the region. This mechanism mentioned above, somehow makes the data rules of the EU and the preference on stringent regulation of data policy adopted by more and more Non-EU countries. The mode of data regulation supervise is considered as an ideal reference and it is gradually spread globally. However the evaluation mechanism of cross-border data flows, should be regarded as a new-type barrier on data flows. And it will block the development of free market for global trade in data services. Thus, to resolve the conflict on the regulations of data supervision and cross-border data interaction, the World Trade Organization should shoulder more responsibilities, promote a broader global negotiation.

The Role of Tourism in the Development of Afghanistan

Tourism is recognized as a tool for development and has limitless growth potential. The tourism environment encompasses economic, social, and cultural factors and plays a vital role in the natural environment. Achieving sustainable tourism, which is linked to managing and preserving natural resources, is of utmost importance. This article utilizes credible sources to examine the role of tourism in sustainable development in Afghanistan. Given the significance of the tourism industry, this research aims to draw attention to the importance of tourism in Afghanistan's development. The primary research question revolves around how we can harness the potential of the tourism industry for Afghanistan's development. For this research, a descriptive-analytical method and literature reviews have been employed, with meticulous collection and analysis of reputable sources such as scholarly articles, books, reports, case studies, and relevant databases. The findings of this research indicate that due to Afghanistan's diverse cultural and environmental attractions, tourism can play a crucial role in sustainable development. This industry can contribute to economic growth, increased government tax revenue, enhanced international trade and export of tourism services, infrastructure improvement, job creation, environmental preservation, and cultural heritage conservation. It can also improve the economic conditions of women and promote handicraft industries. In conclusion, this research suggests that adequate measures are necessary to promote the sustainable growth of tourism in Afghanistan. Precise planning, a deep understanding of natural and cultural resources, environmental preservation, education, and employment generation should all be prioritized. Furthermore, promoting tourism requires shared responsibility from the government, local communities, and the tourism industry.

A Comparative Study on Service Trade Competitiveness: Guangxi Province of China and ASEAN Countries in the Belt and Road Initiative

A Comparative Study on Service Trade Competitiveness: Guangxi Province of China and ASEAN Countries in the Belt and Road Initiative

COVID-19 시기에 한국, 미국, 중국과의 서비스 무역 경쟁력 분석에 관한 연구

In this study, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Symmetric RCA, Trade Specialization Index (TSI) were used to analyze the service trade competitiveness of Korea, China, and the United States. As a result of the analysis, first, Korea is at a comparative disadvantage as most RCA index values are less than 1 and most SRCA index values are measured as negative numbers (-), Korea was found to be less competitive than the United States and China. Second, looking at Korea's global TSI index, it can be seen that Korea is closer to import specialization than export specialization due to its overall lower competitiveness compared to the United States and China. Accordingly, in order to strengthen Korea's service trade competitiveness, financial support strategies for service export companies and the K-content export base must be strengthened. And there is a need to create an export investment fund to foster global companies and develop policies to strengthen the competitiveness of the tourism sector.There is a need to foster promising items related to software (SW) and information and communication technology (ICT), deregulation and branding are needed to revitalize medical service exports.

Analisis Penjualan Mobil Listrik Di Indonesia Dalam Rentang Waktu 2020-2023

The automotive industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly with electric car sales increasing significantly by 2022. Hyundai is one of the largest electric car manufacturers in Indonesia, supported by the IK-CEPA (Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement), a bilateral free trade agreement between Indonesia and South Korea in various fields such as trade in goods, services and other economic cooperation. The Indonesian government is also active in supporting the development of the electric vehicle industry through fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, as well as cooperation with Hyundai Motor Group in training electric vehicle technicians. Sales of electric cars in several brands and types such as Hyundai Kona EV, Hyundai Ioniq EV, and Lexus UX300e have increased from 2020 to October 2023, showing public interest in electric cars. Hyundai Ioniq 5 became the best-selling electric car in Indonesia in 2022, while the newly released Wuling Air EV in August 2022 also received attention for its affordable price and unique design. Indonesia has the largest nickel reserves in the world, so it has a great ability to make electric vehicle batteries. This will drive the development of the electric car industry in the country, with strong government support and increasing sales, the automotive industry, especially electric cars, will have a bright prospect to continue growing in the future.

Implementation of the Silungkang Songket Development Program with Natural Dyeing by the Koperindag Department in Sawahlunto City

The aim of the research is to find out an overview of the implementation of the Silungkang songket development program with natural dyeing by the Koperindag Department in Sawahlunto City. The importance of implementation is to understand the implementation of the Silungkang songket development program policy with natural dyeing by the Cooperative Industry and Trade Service in Sawahlunto City, namely the synergy between UKM actors and the Sawahlunto City Government, which acts as a regulator and facilitator in empowering songket craftsmen so that they are able to increase the ability of Silungkang songket craftsmen with natural dyeing. The research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, with the type of data collection carried out through interviews with the Head of the Sawahlunto City Cooperative Industry and Trade Service, the Head of the Sawahlunto City Bappeda, the Sawahlunto City Cooperative Industry and Trade Head, Sawahlunto City IKM TPL, Silungkang songket craftsmen with natural dyeing, and the community around the central area. The research results show why the implementation of the Silungkang Songket Development Program with Natural Dyeing by the Koperindag Department in Sawahlunto City has not been optimal due to the lack of clarity in the SOP, limited human resources, inadequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, access to capital sources that is still limited, the absence of UPT and third parties for business development, and socialization and coordination that are not yet massive.

THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN COMPANIES IN RIAU PROVINCE

Occupational health and safety are one of the requirements set out in the economic relationship of trade in goods and services between countries that must be met by all countries including Indonesia. Therefore as much as possible and as early as possible the potential for work accidents must be prevented or at least reduced in impact. There are various resources needed in running a company's business such as capital, materials and machinery and no exception the company also needs human resources, namely workers, then workers who are expected by the organization are certainly workers who can work productively, namely those who are able to produce optimal work productivity as planned. The purpose of this study includes knowing the influence of the application of occupational safety and occupational health with the productivity of employees. This research method is categorized as explanatory research with a quantitative approach with sampling in several large companies in Riau Province. In the results of the study obtained Occupational Safety and Health has a significant effect on work productivity.

Organizational and economic mechanism of project risk management in ІТ companies

The purpose of the article is the theoretical substantiation and development of scientific and methodological provisions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of project risk management in IT companies, taking into account the specifics of their activities. To achieve the goal of the research, the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, expert survey, statistical analysis, structural and logical generalization were used. The article provides a statistical analysis of the dynamics of spending on the IT sector in the world; volume of export and import of computer and information services in the structure of foreign trade in services in Ukraine. Scientific views on the definition of the concepts «management mechanism», «organizational mechanism», «economic mechanism», «organizational and economic mechanism» have been analysed and summarized. The author’s interpretation of the term «organizational and economic mechanism of project risk management» is given as a set of principles, functions, methods, digital tools, technical means, software, aimed at minimizing project risks, reducing the level of costs for organizing customer service processes of IT companies, increasing quality provided computer and information services. The structure of the organizational and economic mechanism of project risk management in the management system of the IT company was built, which includes three blocks: the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism; functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of project risk management and integration into the management system; evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism and determining the prospects for the development of the project risk management system in the IT company. An algorithm for implementing the organizational and economic mechanism of project risk management in the management system of an IT company is proposed.

Implementasi Resiko Kepatuhan Pada Karyawan Dinas Perdagangan Sumatera Selatan

This research discusses the implementation of compliance for trade service employees which is being re-implemented for the community in connection with the rise of street vendors in the South Sumatra province. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method. Qualitative research methods are research methods that prioritize social phenomena and provide evidence that is socially coherent and specific in relation to the cases or phenomena that occur. The problems studied in qualitative research are relatively clearer and easier to understand because case studies prioritize real events that occur in the community. The research results show that the implementation of the level of compliance among trade service employees is still relatively lacking. This is because the trade department is still not specific and active enough to remind the public regarding the trading process within the South Sumatra provincial department which still trades anywhere. The follow-up carried out by the trade service is still relatively in the form of a warning. Apart from that, employees in the area or environment of the South Sumatra provincial trade office are still lacking in implementation regarding the prohibition on carrying out trading actions that can damage public facilities, trade on the street, fill sidewalks and also eliminate the comfort of other people regarding pedestrians.