Service System Research Articles

Cost-effectiveness of first-line sintilimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma in China

ABSTRACT Background To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line sintilimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from the perspective of the Chinese health service system. Methods A partitioned survival model was constructed to simulate quality-adjusted life years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios over a patient’s lifetime based on a phase III clinical trial. Results Sintilimab plus chemotherapy increased by 0.316 QALY and 0.285 QALY with the additional cost of $5692 and $5269, which led to the ICER of $18000/QALY and $18519/QALY gained in the overall population and the patients with CPS ≥ 10, respectively. Conclusions Compared with chemotherapy alone, sintilimab may be a cost-effective first-line treatment choice for locally advanced or metastatic ESCC.

Coping with parental migration: A qualitative study on the social adaptation of left-behind children in Henan, China

This study explores the key challenges faced by left-behind children and examines their coping strategies, with the aim of proposing methods to enhance their social adaptation. Employing qualitative in-depth interviews, the research gathers data from left-behind children in rural areas, identifying a spectrum of coping strategies related to parental migration and evaluating their effects on social adaptation. These strategies include acceptance, environmental adaptation, the use of social media platforms like short-video apps, seeking social support, engaging in recreational activities, emotional self-regulation, and maintaining a positive outlook. The study offers a fresh perspective and framework for the social adaptation service system and advocates for the development of a social work model tailored to rural left-behind children.

Complicated cardiac arrest and its resuscitation characteristics in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: Chinese Stroke Center Alliance.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most severe complications in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), increasing the risk of death. This study explored the factors influencing CA occurrence and its resuscitation characteristics in ICH patients. Data were retrieved from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance database. The primary outcome was CA, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital death and survival post-CA. Absolute standardized and rate differences were utilized for intergroup comparisons, while logistic regression was employed for correlation analysis. A total of 85,105 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 1651 (1.9%) patients experienced CA, of whom 1032 (62.5%) died in hospital. At baseline, prehospital notification from the emergency medical service system (PRE-EMS) was a co-factor influencing CA occurrence and the presence of a death outcome (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.47-1.98, p < 0.001; OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.41-0.62, p < 0.001). In terms of complications, post-hospital hematoma expansion and swallowing dysfunction were co-factors influencing CA occurrence and the presence of a death outcome (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 3.20-4.47, p < 0.001, OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11-1.76; p < 0.001; OR: 7.66, 95% CI:5.48-10.70, p < 0.001, OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.57, p < 0.001). The incidence of CA in ICH patients decreased annually from 2015 to 2019, while survival after CA increased annually (p < 0.001). PRE-EMS, posthospital hematoma expansion, and swallowing dysfunction were identified as co-factors contributing to CA occurrence and post-CA mortality following ICH. The proportion of CA patients following ICH decreased, while survival rates improved annually from 2015 to 2019.

Analysis of virtual simulation training teaching problems of intellectual property law based on real working situations

This article aims to take AI intelligent training software and real business drills of intellectual property as the training mode to carry out intellectual property-related training in fields such as data intellectual property creation, application, management, transformation, and education, and truly achieve the educational goal of integrating science, education and industry. First, innovate the intellectual property training platform. Through AI question-and-answer led by digital human images, introduce front-line practical experts in the field of intellectual property into the virtual simulation training teaching process, build a training scene for the entire chain protection of intellectual property and real working situations, and improve the practical effect of training and cultivating intellectual property talents. Second, deepen the social service system of intellectual property. Project team members guide students and trainees to actively participate in patent navigation, patent group projects, pilot projects, intellectual property protection projects, etc., exercise and promote the continuous improvement of the social service capabilities of various intellectual property talents. At the end of the article, it is proposed that while intellectual property law teaching adapts to the development needs of the digital age, it should take the construction and teaching application of a virtual simulation experiment platform in real work situations as the core, respond to the practical needs of social practice work, and improve students' ability to adapt to society. The organic integration of AI technology, digital human technology and practical training teaching of intellectual property law has certain reference significance for the realization of the metaverse vision.

The Construction and Application of Evaluation Index System of Rural Public Digital Cultural Service Accessibility

ABSTRACTThis research takes the accessibility of rural public digital cultural services as the research object. Based on the accessibility framework and system evaluation theory, an evaluation index system is constructed through investigation and analysis. Firstly, through on‐site investigation and interviews, explore service accessibility factors and establish a feature factor model; Secondly, based on industry norms, an evaluation system was constructed that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary indicators, and was revised and validated through empirical analysis; Finally, the AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to study the indicator system. The results indicate that the accessibility of public digital cultural services is good, but still needs to be improved, and improvement path suggestions are proposed from the aspects of resource supply, services, organization and management, etc. The research enriches the evaluation system of public cultural services and provide reference for the government to improve public digital cultural services.

Multiple pricing for personal assistance services

Third-party payers often reimburse health care providers based on prospectively set prices. Although a key motivation of prospective payment is to contain costs, this paper shows that this aspect crucially depends on the design of the pricing scheme due to the well-known incentives of patient selection (or “dumping”). This paper provides a general theoretical framework where heterogeneous users are served by either private for-profit or public providers, each paid an hourly compensation by a third-party payer. The private, but not the public providers may select patients. It is demonstrated that this realistic feature of the model implies that total costs depends on the number of prices. The features of the model is illustrated using the Swedish system of personal assistance services as a motivating example. Numerical results show that marginal adjustments to the current uniform pricing scheme would lead to substantial savings.

A Comparison of Ketamine to Midazolam for the Management of Acute Behavioral Disturbance in the Out-of-Hospital Setting

ObjectiveAcute behavioral disturbance is characterized by altered mental status and psychomotor agitation. Pharmacological sedation may be required, risking potential respiratory compromise. We compared the need for emergent airway support following administration of midazolam or ketamine to treat acute behavioral disturbance in the prehospital setting. MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study of patients with acute behavioral disturbance in an urban Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system between 2017-2021, we compared the likelihood of prehospital advanced airway management following administration of midazolam or ketamine. Advanced airway management was defined as prehospital endotracheal intubation or supraglottic airway insertion. ResultsAmong 376 eligible patients, the median age was 35; and 78% were male. The most common etiologies of acute behavioral disturbance were substance use (51%), trauma (18%), and presumed postictal agitation (11%). In all, 162 patients (43%) initially received midazolam and 214 (57%) ketamine. The frequency of advanced airway management was similar between these respective groups (12% [n=19] vs 11% [n=24], difference 0.5%, 95% CI -6.0% to 7.0%). Adjusted for potential confounders, the odds of receiving advanced airway management did not differ between midazolam and ketamine (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.38), nor were differences observed in emergency department intubation rates (14% in midazolam recipients, 11% for ketamine) or overall mortality (2% in midazolam recipients, 1% for ketamine). ConclusionIn this cohort study of patients with acute behavioral disturbance, emergent airway support nor other outcomes differed following prehospital treatment with midazolam or ketamine.

An Internet of Things Task Scheduling Framework Based on Agile Virtual Network on Demand Service Model

In order to improve the efficiency of cloud computing resource utilization and avoid the problem of computing resource allocation and scheduling lagging behind load changes, the author proposes a cloud computing resource on-demand allocation and elastic scheduling method based on network load prediction. Firstly, the author takes the network load data of Wikimedia as the research object and proposes an adaptive two-stage multi network model load prediction method based on LSTM, i.e. ATSMNN-LSTM load prediction method). This method can classify the network load data into climbing and descending types based on the trend and characteristics of the input network load data, And adaptively schedule the input network load data to the LSTM load prediction model that matches its type for prediction based on the classification results. The author proposes a maximum cloud service revenue computing resource quantity search algorithm based on network load prediction (i.e. MaxCSPRNWP algorithm), which aims to improve cloud service revenue as the optimization objective. Under the premise of ensuring task service quality and system stability, the algorithm allocates cloud computing resources on demand and flexibly schedules them in advance based on the predicted network load results. The experimental results show that the ATSMNNLSTM load prediction method proposed by the author can obtain more accurate network load prediction results compared to other load prediction methods, and the MaxCSPR-NWP algorithm, which is based on network load prediction and is capable of effectively converting the network load prediction results into the required number of cloud servers, is the maximum cloud service revenue computing resource quantity search algorithm proposed by the author, not only does it achieve the early allocation and scheduling of cloud computing resources, thereby avoiding the impact of lagging behind in computing resource allocation and scheduling due to load changes on the quality of cloud computing task services and resource utilization efficiency, at the same time, it has also achieved on-demand allocation and flexible scheduling of cloud computing resources with the goal of improving cloud service revenue.

A simplified method for calculating air conditioning load of multi-family housing community considering the spatiotemporal distribution of occupants

Occupant behavior is considered a vital factor influencing housing energy consumption by adjusting the indoor thermal environment and the use of service system. Multi-family housing is popular in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone of China, where residents typically adopt a “partial time, partial space” approach to environmental control. Therefore, the behavioral differences among families pose challenges for predicting hourly energy consumption at community scale. Taking Changsha, a typical city in the HSCW zone, as an example, this study investigates and summarizes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of multi-family occupants, analyzing their impact on air conditioning (AC) load under ideal environmental control conditions (i.e., AC is on where is occupied). Hourly AC load modified equations and multi-family occupancy modified coefficients are introduced to construct a method for estimating hourly AC load of residential communities that comprehensively considers the spatiotemporal distribution of multi-family occupants. The results show that the proposed method achieves fitting degrees of 87%-92.4% for predicting heating load and 77.9%-84.9% for predicting cooling load. This method not only dramatically reduces the workload and time required for physical modeling of residential communities, but also enables fast and refined simulation of the hourly AC load.

Summary of best evidence on prevention of intracranial infection after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary neoplasm resection.

Intracranial infection is one of the most serious complications after pituitary neoplasm resection. However, the quality of the evidence for existing preventive measures varies significantly, and the related content is scattered, and the scope is broad. Nurses lack the specificity and targeted guidance for preventing intracranial infections after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS), and nurses find that evidence necessitates screening and identification during its application, and it is challenging to utilize current tool for guiding clinical practice. Thus, the protocols for preventing intracranial infection after EETS required further refinement. The aim of this study is to summarize the relevant evidence for preventing postoperative intracranial infections after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary neoplasm resection, in order to reduce the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection and provide a reference for clinical medical staff. We systematically searched a variety of platforms, including British Medical Journal Best Practice, UpToDate, DynaMed, Guidelines International Network, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence based Healthcare Center Database, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Medlive, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese biomedical literature service system (Sinomed) to collect clinical decisions, relevant guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and expert consensus documents on the prevention of intracranial infection in this context according to the 6S evidence model. The search included literature published up to December, 2023. Then conduct literature screening and evaluation, extract and summarize relevant evidence on perioperative prevention of intracranial infection after EETS from the selected literature. Two researchers applied the JBI levels of evidence preappraisal system (2014 version) to categorize the included evidence into five levels (level 1a being the highest and level 5c being the lowest). A total of 16 pieces of literature were reviewed, including 6 clinical decision-makings, 2 guidelines, 2 systematic reviews, and 6 expert consensus documents. Ultimately, 24 pieces of best evidence for preventing intracranial infections after EETS for pituitary adenomas were formed, and they will be divided into four categories: multidisciplinary collaboration, preoperative evaluation and informed consent, intraoperative prevention and control, and postoperative observation and prevention. This summarized the best evidence for preventing intracranial infection after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary neoplasms resection. Summary of the best evidence for preventing intracranial infections following EETS plays a critical role in enhancing surgical success, optimizing patient management, fostering multidisciplinary collaboration, advancing research, and improving patient satisfaction. It is recommended that medical staff select and apply the evidence in clinical practice in order to avoid the occurrence of intracranial infections.

Impact of an emergency department closure on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival and emergency medical service system in Ulsan, South Korea

IntroductionThis study evaluated the impact of an emergency department (ED) closure on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes and the emergency medical service system in Ulsan, South Korea. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from March 2017 to February 2021 and compared survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcomes. We investigated transport time intervals (TTIs) in the total study population and subgroup covered by the closed ED. The analysis methods included propensity score matching (PSM), inverse propensity weighting (IPW), and logistic regression analysis. ResultsThe study included 692 and 920 patients before and after ED closure groups, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence interval for survival discharge and favorable neurological outcomes were 1.040 (0.749–1.444, p = 0.814) and 2.845 (1.563–5.177, p = 0.001), respectively. PSM showed values of 1.015 (0.727–1.416, p = 0.932) for discharge survival and 1.777 (1.074–2.941, p = 0.025) for neurological outcomes. IPW showed values of 0.980 (0.762–1.261, p = 0.875) for discharge survival and 1.782 (1.196–2.656, p = 0.005) for neurological outcomes. The TTI increased from 5.8 ± 5.0 to 6.7 ± 5.5 min (p < 0.001) in the total population and from 9.2 ± 7.9 to 16.2 ± 6.5 min (p < 0.001) in the subgroup. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that while the overall system may remain stable, subgroups could be disproportionately affected by an ED closure, underscoring the importance of the ongoing monitoring of survival outcomes and transport times.

The Defect Identification System of Electromechanical Equipment on the Edge Side of the Power Grid under Edge Computing

With the development of the industrial Internet of Things, modern industrial systems have developed towards intelligence. Electromechanical Equipment (EE) is essential, and its defect identification is fundamental. Firstly, this research introduces the basic content of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) in Deep Learning (DL), and Edge Computing (EC) to explore the construction of a defect identification system for EE on the edge side of the power grid. Secondly, combined with the advantages of GRU and VAE, a GRU-VAE defect recognition model is proposed. Then, the EC architecture is introduced, and the EE defect identification system based on the GRU-VAE algorithm is constructed. The EC intelligent EE defect identification service system is designed with this as the core. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out using different data sets to verify the performance of the GRU-VAE model. The results show that the GRU-VAE model has higher precision and recall than the separate GRU model and VAE model, and the corresponding F1 value is also higher. The F1 value can reach 0.997 on aperiodic data and 0.966 on periodic data. In addition, the optimal thresholds of different datasets are analyzed, and the relationship between the length of the time window and the model’s performance is studied. When the time window length is 15, the model performance is optimal. This research on the defect identification system of EE on the edge side of the power grid based on EC and DL can provide a new path and inject new vitality into the defect detection of EE.

Application on ac station service system for gathering station based on roof photovoltaic system

Abstract With the increasingly severe global energy crisis and environmental pollution, it is imperative to develop and utilize clean and renewable energy. In order to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality as soon as possible, and reduce the proportion of fossil energy generation, decarbonization in the power industry is imperative. This article focuses on the design of rooftop photovoltaic systems at gathering stations. By installing solar photovoltaic panels on the roof of the gathering station building, a photovoltaic power generation system is constructed to convert solar energy radiated into electricity. The DC power generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation system is converted by an inverter and connected to the 380V bus of the station power system as a supplementary power supply for the station load, thereby increasing the proportion of green electricity consumption in the collection station and achieving the goal of carbon reduction

Cohort profile: Understanding the influence of early life environments and health and social service system contacts over time and across generations through the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS) Linked Data Study

PurposeDespite the volume of accumulating knowledge from prospective Aboriginal cohort studies, longitudinal data describing developmental trajectories in health and well-being is limited. The linkage of child and carer cohorts from...

EVOLUTION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN: FROM FORMATION TO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION (2004-2022)

The article is dedicated to analyzing the development of e-government in Kazakhstan from 2004 to 2022. The study examines key stages and achievements in the digitalization of public administration, from the initial steps of creating basic infrastructure to comprehensive digital transformation. Special attention is given to the analysis of government programs and initiatives aimed at improving the quality of services provided, enhancing transparency, and increasing the efficiency of government agencies. The study's findings highlight significant progress in Kazakhstan's digitalization of public administration and demonstrate a successful evolution from the initial stages to a mature and integrated system of digital services. The results of the article can be useful for further improving e-government and developing new digital transformation strategies.

Digitalization Management in the Corporate Banking Sector of Ukraine

Introduction. Digitalization in trendy banking services requires changing their relationships with corporate clients within the framework of an individual approach to each client in the context of the development of the latest information and communication technologies and Internet marketing. Therefore, improving the business customer service system based on innovative technologies in banks to increase their competitiveness and profitability remains relevant. Aim and tasks. This study aims to examine the trends in banks’ service of corporate clients in the context of the latest financial technology development and to determine the directions for forming a digitalization strategy in corporate banking in Ukraine. Results. The growth of corporate clients in the banking system of Ukraine in 2022-2024 became possible due to the digitalization of management and the implementation of electronic payment systems, which contributed to the growth in the number of open accounts, which increased by 27%, while the growth of remote servicing increased from 78% to 89% of business clients. The top 10 banks in Ukraine account for 75% of the funds in corporate clients’ accounts. Along with high reliability, the clients of these banks have come to value the digital services that banks provide that meet global standards. As a result of the growth in the volume of banking services provided to corporate clients in 2023 using digital technologies, the volume of fee and commission income of the Ukrainian banking system increased by 13% compared to 2022. Conclusions. The banking system of Ukraine is in the process of digital transformation that promotes the transformation of financial institutions into high-tech platforms capable of creating new algorithms for generating profit from digital technologies. Implementing digital transformation in the banking sector increases the number of banks` corporate clients and their satisfaction with banking products and services. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of banking activities and banks’ profitability through increased commission income. The forecasting of commission income of Ukraine’s banking system conducted in this study showed that further introduction of digitalization into corporate banking could contribute to their growth by at least 8% annually.

Android-Based Public Complaint Service System in Malimongan Tua Sub-district, Makassar

The problem that occurs in the Public Complaints Service System in Malimongan Tua Village is the absence of a public complaint service system. Therefore, the researcher offers a solution to this problem by designing and implementing an Android-based public complaint service system. The purpose of this study is to design and implement an Android-based public complaint service system. Data were obtained through field research, library research, and interviews. The waterfall method is used in system development. The results of the study indicate that this data was obtained through observation, interviews, and library studies. The waterfall method is used in system development. The results of the study indicate that (the design and manufacture) of the Public Complaint Service System in Malimongan Tua Village, black box system testing ran well, and the results of User Acceptance Testing (UAT) testing on several respondents (Villages and Users) related to the use of the Android-based Public Complaint Service System Optimization application in Malimongan Tua Village, Makassar. In addition, the results of this study have been implemented in the form of community service, where this application helps the people of Malimongan Tua Village to convey their complaints more easily and efficiently, as well as improve the village government's response to problems faced by the community, it is concluded that this application is very suitable for use with a final score of 87.4%.

Мемлекеттік қызмет жүйесіндегі әлеуметтік бақылаудың ерекшеліктері

The article discusses the place and importance of social control in the public service system. According to the authors, social control in the public service system depends on the transparency, publicity of the public service provided, and the high qualification of a civil servant. The article proves that indicators of information openness, social stability, and social balance determine the effectiveness of social control. The authors of the article suggested that to increase the prestige of social power in the public service system, it is necessary to work in the following areas: continuous improvement of norms and values that determine civic consciousness; use of information technologies to promote public service; strengthening public relations channels of the state and control over political processes.

Мемлекеттік қызмет жүйесіндегі әлеуметтік бақылаудың ерекшеліктері

The article discusses the place and importance of social control in the public service system. According to the authors, social control in the public service system depends on the transparency, publicity of the public service provided, and the high qualification of a civil servant. The article proves that indicators of information openness, social stability, and social balance determine the effectiveness of social control. The authors of the article suggested that to increase the prestige of social power in the public service system, it is necessary to work in the following areas: continuous improvement of norms and values that determine civic consciousness; use of information technologies to promote public service; strengthening public relations channels of the state and control over political processes.

Building an Age-friendly Digital Service System for Chinese University Libraries

As the aging process accelerates and information technology rapidly advances, the differences between the elderly and the digital society are becoming more pronounced. This highlights the need to bridge the digital divide and improve the quality of life for older people. University libraries play an important role in this. This study builds on the successful implementation of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) digital capabilities framework in the United Kingdom (UK) to inform the design of digital services for Chinese University libraries. To improve these outcomes, university libraries need to prioritize three key areas: establishing a comprehensive strategic plan, developing a collaborative learning ecosystem, and innovative digital tools stirring together. Subsequent research will examine the efficacy of this system in a variety of settings and explore strategies for optimizing its visibility and effectiveness.