Service Passports Research Articles

The Evolution of Cameroonian Cooperation with the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation: A Historical and Geopolitical Analysis

This paper investigates the historical and evolving relationship between Cameroon and the Soviet Union and later, the Russian Federation, focusing on political, military, economic, and cultural dimensions. Positioned strategically at the crossroads of West and Central Africa, Cameroon has balanced longstanding ties with France against a growing partnership with Russia. Since the Soviet Union’s formal recognition of Cameroon's independence in 1964, Soviet support in education, infrastructure, and ideological alignment contributed to a foundational relationship grounded in anti-colonial and socialist values. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, relations were reestablished with the Russian Federation, shifting from ideological alignment to pragmatic cooperation, particularly in defense and economic engagement. Key findings indicate that Russia cooperation with Cameroon cut across education, reciprocal visa exemption agreement for holders of diplomatic and service passports, food trade and military defense. The study uses a qualitative methodology, incorporating primary sources such as government records, treaty documents, and public statements, alongside secondary sources including academic articles and policy analyses. This approach allows for an examination of key historical milestones, the role of security concerns, and economic priorities that have shaped Cameroonian-Russian relations over the years.

Azərbaycan və İndoneziya nümunəsində enerji siyasəti və iqtisadiyyat

Indonesia is the developed countries that have embarked on projects and energy strategies to increase renewables energy since it largely addressed political, economic and environmental goals in their energy security policies. Indonesia concern in energy sector with three parameuteurs, called P4M (Promosi Perlindungan dan Penanaman Modal) or Promotion and Protection of Investments. The OIC and NAM are the organizations that Azerbaijan and Indonesia are involved in. One of the problems discussed therein is the energy sector. Currently Indonesia and Azerbaijan tried to reduce energy dependence and to achieve environmental sustainability. Policy makers need to pursue a strategy of informing the public with sound evidence while being open about energy policy in general. Indonesia and Azerbaijan have 5 bilateral agreements. First, opening of RI-Azerbaijan Diplomatic Relations. Second, Cooperation and Consultation between Foreign Ministries. Third, cooperation between News Agencies. Fourth, Visa Exemption for Diplomatic and Service Passport Holders. Fifth, Economic and Technical Cooperation (KSET). The trade balance between the two countries is still dominated by the oil and gas sector, and does not yet reflect the real potential they have, either because trade has so far been through a third country due to the absence of direct sea/air routes, or the lack of market penetration by the Indonesian manufacturing industry. The potential for cooperation that can be worked on between Indonesia and Azerbaijan is in the oil and gas sector given that Azerbaijan is rich in both natural resources. Currently the two countries are consolidating the finalization of the P4M (Promotion and Protection of Investments Indonesia needs to encourage bilateral cooperation in the energy sector, especially oil and gas based. The best collaboration model is to ensure government-to-government long term purchase/contract.

METHODICAL SUPPORT OF RESULTS-ORIENTED BUDGETING IN THE LOCAL SELF-GOVERNANCE SYSTEM

The article proposes a model of result-oriented budgeting, which is formed on the basis of the program-targeted approach and which is recommended for use by local governments in the context of expanding the independence of Ukrainian regions. Its use adds to the effectiveness of budgeting, creates the conditions for direct responsibility to the population of a particular territory, and forms a mechanism for monitoring the cost of budget services.The contents of the concepts of "budget service" and "public service" are disclosed. The second concept is broader, since it additionally includes the corresponding services that are provided by institutional units.The concept of a budget service passport or document is also clarified, which establishes the procedure and procedure for providing a budget service, which is paid for from the budget and is focused on the reflection of the final results.It is significant that the strategic directions of reforming the budget system are becoming the transition from territorial formation to program-targeted budgeting, which links the distribution of budget funds with clearly defined goals and objectives. The tasks of the local budget in a result-oriented budgeting system are to establish cost priorities, provide autonomy in operational management, create incentives for cost savings, and closely connect budget costs with budget policy priorities.It is possible to implement the result-oriented budgeting method in the budget sphere management system of territorial entities by introducing a budget service passport, which is a set of requirements for its quality, including the effectiveness of its provision. A budget service passport will allow clarifying its nature and features, quantitative parameters, a list of permits, a circle of consumers, and funding levels.

The development of pediatric oncology-hematology in the Russian Federation: the experience of collaboration between the National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists and the National Medical Research Center

The basis for constructing a vertically integrated management system in the healthcare sector in the Russian Federation is the model of functioning of national centers. One of the key components in achieving success is the interaction of the national center with a leading national society. The aim of the article is to present the experience of joint work of the National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists (NSPHO) with the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology in the field of development of pediatric oncology-hematology in the Russian Federation. In order to accomplish the task of building a system for organizing medical care for children in pediatric oncology-hematology, a comprehensive development program was implemented, which included collecting data on the structure of the service through questionnaires in the regions, obtaining expert opinion and the subsequent creation of a service passport using data visualization. In addition, the experience of creating professional standards and the concept of a unified approach in the field of training in the specialties “Pediatric Oncology” and “Hematology” using the technology of continuing medical education are reflected. The result of the work was the formation of a single plan for the organization of the service of pediatric oncology-hematology, developed by the NSPHO in conjunction with the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology with the support of the National Medical House and under the leadership of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Daniel G. Roberts Award for Excellence in Public Historical Archaeology: The U.S. Forest Service Passport in Time Program

Daniel G. Roberts Award for Excellence in Public Historical Archaeology: The U.S. Forest Service Passport in Time Program

Implementation in Russia and the European Union of International Safety Standards of Identity Documents with Biometric Data: Legal Regulation and Perspectives

RETRACTED The article contains the findings of a research into particular aspects of use of identity documents with personal biometric data. It considers the international safety standards of documents with biometric data worked out by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), pursuant to which those data should be included into machine-readable documents used by their holders for travel to various states. It contains the information on the implementation of these international standards in Russian and European Union law. The author has substantiated a conclusion to the effect that the procedure established in Russia for production and issuance, as well as for use of international, diplomatic and service passports identifying the Russian Federation citizen outside the Russian Federation territory, containing electronic information carriers with personal and biometric personal data, currently conforms to the international safety standards of documents with biometric data. The article surveys the experience of introducing domestic biometric identity documents - electronic passports in various countries of the world, and the problems arising therefrom. It substantiates the advantages and disadvantages of determining a passport of the Russian Federation citizen issued in the form of an identity card with an electronic information carrier, as the main document of the Russian Federation citizen identifying him domestically within the country's territory.

When Even Machiavelli’s Prince Needs a Visa Migration, Euro-Mediterranean Relations and Intercultural Dialogue

Abstract. In this article, I will look at EU visa policy as it affects Euro-Mediterranean relations. The claim of the EU institutions and Member States in respect of visa policy is that it is necessary to apply mandatory visa requirements on all nationals of some states in order to combat irregular immigration, organized crime, and terrorism. I will examine three different categories of nationals of states on the southern shore of the Mediterranean all of whom are caught by the EU visa requirements: (1) tourists – what chances do they really have of getting a visa to come to the EU? (2) Diplomats – how does the EU treat persons travelling on diplomatic, service, and special passports from the countries on the southern shores of the Mediterranean, when do they need visas to travel? (3) Academics – are visas used as a restriction for academics from the southern Mediterranean seeking to come to the EU? In examining the EU’s visa policy regarding these three categories of persons, we can draw some conclusions about how the EU’s assessment threats regarding irregular immigration, organized crime, and terrorism: (a) are consistent across the Member States in respect of countries in North Africa; (b) result in similar or different outcomes depending on the Member State to which an application is made; and (c) assist or complicate personto-person exchanges across the Mediterranean. Finally, I will conclude with an examination of the proposals for visas in the EU’s blueprint for the next five years of the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice, the Stockholm Programme – and pose the question: will the proposals bring greater coherence to the field?