Software Services Research Articles

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: GLOBAL AND LOCAL FLOWS (THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA)

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the notion that can be summarized in the form in which it represents the process in which an enterprise from one country invests capital in an existing enterprise or in a new enterprise established in another country. The standard definition of foreign direct investment is given by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), according to which FDI is defined as the establishment of a lasting interest in and significant degree of influence over the operations of an enterprise in one economy by an investor in another economy. FDI has proven to have an expressed importance mainly in allowing the transfer of technology – especially in the form of new types of capital inputs – that cannot be achieved or at least in the form and volume required through financial investment or trade in goods and services. FDI has already proven that it can boost competition in the domestic input market, but also motivates the employment of domestic labor. In recent decades, the global map of inflow and outflow FDI has changed considerably. Traditionally, FDI originated from developed economies, which have recently gained significant ground in the share of FDI flows between geopolitically aligned economies. In particular during financial crises there is substantial evidence that FDI can lead many developing countries to consider it as an inflow of selected private capital and in certain cases even as a single capital inflow. Such a thing finds support in the tendency of economists who insist on the free flow of capital across national borders because it enables capital to have more favorable preconditions for return at the highest rate. However, the tradition has recently been changing, making the largest sector for FDI projects to be closely related to software and IT services. Investors see rising commodity prices, increased geopolitical unrest and political instability, as well as high inflation in an emerging market as the most likely risks at this time. The official data provided by World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), OECD, as well as the local National Bank and State Statistical Office are unanimous that in the last 20 years, North Macedonia has maintained a continuous increase in FDI, but unfortunately, at a comparative level with the countries of the region, it continues to lags behind. The North Macedonian authorities are progressing towards the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) objectives, including preserving public finances, reducing energy subsidies, tackling high inflation and ensuring financial stability, which will also increase the possibility real for FDI inflows.

Analysis of the Influence of Organizational Appearance, Corporate Culture, and Service Quality on Employee Performance Mediated by Enviromental Performance of Retail Employees in Batam City

This study aims to examine the effect of organizational appearance, corporate culture, and service quality on employee performance in Indomaret retail employees. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods includes 103 respondents with Indomaret retail employees as the population . This research uses the application software Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) and Partial Least Square (PLS). From this research shows that the relationship and influence between variables that are significant and some are not significant so that not all hypotheses can be accepted. This main hypothesis in this research is Employee Performance on Corporate Culture.

Application of Digital Twin Technology for the Digitization of Railway Maintenance Services in compliance with European Regulation EU 779/2019.

This paper delves into the application of Digital Twin Technology (DTT) in the digitalization of assets, processes, and services to improve maintenance performance in railway applications in the context of European Regulation EU 779/2019. Digitalization plays a pivotal role in certifying the suitability of rolling stock in the railway sector. The primary objective of this study is to meticulously examine the fundamental tasks required to build a digital twin in this specific context. The process involves the contributions of key entities fulfilling specific roles: the maintenance and asset certification service provider ensures the integrity and compliance of rolling stock; specialists in IoT and process automation, along with experts in software platforms and services, are tasked with implementing the technological aspects of the digital twin. As a result, a methodology is proposed for the integration of digital design that combines three approaches: Service approach, platform architecture, and model-based asset digitalization. This paper delineates critical stages, from data acquisition and management to model creation and information integration, highlighting the crucial role of DTT in this process. Furthermore, the challenge of digitalization in situations where assets and processes are in an initial state of low or non-existent digitalization is underscored. A profound understanding of digital assets, information layers, and underlying models becomes crucial in the context of the current challenges of railway digitalization.

Utilization of foreign investment in the productive service industry in Hubei province, China and its optimization counter-measures.

The Global Investment Report 2023 revealed that after a sharp decline in 2020 and a strong rebound in 2021, global foreign direct investment (FDI) declined by 12 percent to $1.3 trillion in 2022. However, in developing countries, FDI increased by 4% to $916 billion, a record share of more than 70% of global flows. The number of greenfield investment projects in developing countries increased by 37 percent and international project finance transactions by 5 percent. Foreign investment from China, the second largest recipient of foreign investment globally, increased by 5 percent. The service industry has become the mainstream industry in the global FDI structure. The global industry is accelerating its transformation to a "service-based economy," international FDI in productive service industries has become an essential means of industrial transfer in developed countries and a meaningful way to upgrade the industrial structure and high-quality development in emerging economies. As a representative province in central China, Hubei Province has unique advantages in human capital, factor cost, and market potential, which provide preferential conditions to attract foreign investment. This paper first introduced the concept of the productive service industry, based on the relevant statistical data from 2011 to 2022, focused on the current situation of foreign investment utilization in five major sub-sectors of the productive service industry in Hubei Province in the past ten years, and empirically investigated the impact of foreign investment utilization in five major sub-sectors of the productive service industry on the economic growth of Hubei Province, and obtained that the level of foreign investment attraction varied significantly among the regions in Hubei Province. The three productive service industries, namely transportation, storage and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, and financial services, played a significant role in the active attraction and optimal utilization of foreign capital and the economic development of Hubei Province. Based on this, it was proposed to build a market-oriented rule of law and internationalized business environment, improve the infrastructure construction in different regions of the province, focus on the training of professional talents for the development of productive service industries, and pay attention to the improvement of independent innovation capacity.

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Logistics Control Platform Based on Spring Cloud

With the continuous progress of science and technology, Internet technology, management concepts and service models have also undergone earth-shaking changes. To address this challenge, this article proposes a solution based on a Spring Cloud application. The platform adopts microservice structure to realize efficient data interactive processing system architecture, mainly including administrator users, logistics personnel, front-end application software development environment, server and other functional modules. Its core goal is to help internal employees quickly and accurately access the company's website, and carry out statistical analysis of various reports to improve work efficiency and quality. After that, the intelligent logistics control platform was tested, and the test results showed that the security range was from 85 to 100, and at time point 8, the safety score reached the highest 99%, and the system security reached the best level. This shows that the background support management function can ensure the security of database information and record various operation logs to meet the management needs of enterprises.

A Security Process for the Automotive Service-Oriented Software Architecture

A Security Process for the Automotive Service-Oriented Software Architecture

Integration of cloud technologies into virtual reality

Investigated the possibilities of integrating cloud technologies into virtual reality in order to further improve software tools and increase its efficiency and accessibility. Analysed architectural and infrastructure solutions for the use of cloud services, processing and storage of large data in virtual environments. Conducted a comprehensive scientific study of the possibilities of integrating cloud technologies into virtual reality in order to increase the efficiency and accessibility of this technological segment. Studied the challenges that arise when integrating cloud technologies, in particular, the problems of delays in data transmission and measures to ensure security and privacy in cloud environments. Considered the necessity of developing a cloud infrastructure in popular cloud services, in particular, Amazon Web Services (AWS), to optimise computing tasks and increase overall efficiency, as well as the possibility of scaling virtual reality technology. Article considers the possibility of creating a solution for interacting with cloud resources and using virtual reality applications. The services of a cloud provider are used to allocate computing resources, create a data warehouse, create and manage a virtual network, install and configure solutions for deploying and configuring server software components, and conduct an experiment. Evaluated the impact of cloud technology integration on the quality and availability of virtual reality, and provide prospects for the development of this association. In addition, considered the possibilities of creating optimised solutions for interacting with cloud resources and using virtual reality applications, and assessed the impact of cloud integration on the quality and availability of virtual reality. Developed a software solution and approach for building a cloud infrastructure, described in detail all the steps of creating and deploying a virtual server and data storage for its interaction with virtual reality systems. Prospects for the development of such an association open up wide horizons for innovative technologies in the information technology segment. The results of the study can become an important source of relevant strategic information for further improvement of cloud-virtual environments and development of innovative technologies in the information technology segment.

Privacy-Preserving Joint Data and Function Homomorphic Encryption for Cloud Software Services

Privacy-Preserving Joint Data and Function Homomorphic Encryption for Cloud Software Services

Performance of energy component in top-tier IT software service companies: a geological and multi-component perspective

Performance of energy component in top-tier IT software service companies: a geological and multi-component perspective

Comparison of Coronary Artery Calcium and Quantitative Coronary Plaque in Predicting Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Subgroup Analysis of the CLARIFY Study.

Background: Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a strong predictor of mortality. However, the relationship between CAC and quantitative calcified plaque volume (CPV), which is measured on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), is not well understood. Furthermore, there is limited evidence evaluating the difference between CAC versus CPV and CAC versus total plaque volume (TPV) in predicting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This study included 147 subjects from the CLARIFY registry, a multicentered study of patients undergoing assessment using CCTA and CAC score as part of acute and stable chest pain evaluation. Automated software service (Cleerly.Inc, Denver, CO, USA) was used to evaluate the degree of vessel stenosis and plaque quantification on CCTA. CAC was measured using the standard Agatston method. Spearman correlation and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of CAC, CPV and TPV in detecting obstructive CAD. Results: Results demonstrated a very strong positive correlation between CAC and CPV (r=0.76, p=0.0001) and strong correlation between CAC and TPV (r=0.72, p<0.001) at per-patient level analysis. At per-patient level analysis, the sensitivity of CAC (68%) is lower than CPV (77%) in predicting >50% stenosis, but negative predictive value is comparable. However, the sensitivity of TPV is higher compared with CAC in predicting >50% stenosis, and the negative predictive value of TPV is also higher. Conclusion: CPV and TPV are more sensitive in predicting the severity of obstructive CAD compared with the CAC score. However, the negative predictive value of CAC is comparable to CPV, but is lower than TPV. This study elucidates the relationship between CAC and quantitative plaque types, and especially emphasizes the differences between CAC and CPV which are two distinct plaque measurement techniques that are utilized in predicting obstructive CAD.

Identifying and Ranking Key Failure Factors in Software Projects(Case Study: Software Services of MMTE Company)

Identifying and Ranking Key Failure Factors in Software Projects(Case Study: Software Services of MMTE Company)

Performance of Energy Component in Top-tier IT Software Service Companies: A Geological and Multi-Component Perspective

Performance of Energy Component in Top-tier IT Software Service Companies: A Geological and Multi-Component Perspective

The relationship between self-efficacy and error orientation of nursing students during clinical internships: a cross-sectional study.

Nursing students often make clinical errors due to their limited clinical experience and their orientation toward errors, revealing their attitude and behavioral tendencies regarding nursing errors. Understanding how self-efficacy, motivation, and a sense of security influence the error orientation of nursing students is important for developing strategies to enhance their error orientation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-efficacy, motivation, and error orientation of nursing students during clinical internships. This was a cross-sectional study. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to nursing students from 14 September 2023 to 30 September at a comprehensive tertiary A teaching hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan province. The instruments used in this study included the General Information Questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Scale, Achievement Motives Scale, Security Scale, and Error Orientation Scale. Statistical Product and Service Software Automatically (SPSSAU) was used to perform statistical description, mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analyses. A total of 510 nursing students were included in this study. The motivation for success and failure-escaping fully mediated the relationships between self-efficacy and error orientation of nursing students, with a mediation effect of 0.101 (95% CI: 0.058-0.144). The security of nursing students moderated both the direct effect of this model and the indirect effect of motivation for failure-escaping. When security was high, the self-efficacy of nursing students was positively correlated with their error orientation, with an effect of 0.059 (95% CI: 0.003~0.116). When security was high, the moderation effect was significant, with an effect of -0.012 (95% CI: -0.026~-0.002). However, at low and median levels of security, the mediation effect was non-existent. The motivation for success and failure escaping play different roles in the paths between self-efficacy and error orientation. Clinical nursing teachers should take measures to enhance the motivation for success but reduce the failure-escaping motivation to improve the error orientation of nursing students. Additionally, it is crucial to pay attention to and improve the sense of security of students during clinical internships.

Changes in the provision of ecosystem services based on sidewalk tree-composition scenarios

Cities have been experiencing environmental and social issues due to urban expansion processes, be them planned or not. However, several environmental solutions have been proposed and sidewalk tree planting stands out among them. The aim of the current research is to assess the process to estimate ecosystem services under different sidewalk tree composition scenarios in Irati and Curitiba cities, Paraná State. In order to do so, 10 street segments from neighborhoods sampled in city-wide inventories were selected. Information about sidewalk length, curb ramps’ width, and number of utility poles was collected for each street segment. The number of trees to be fit in each segment and sampled neighborhood was determined based on safety recommendations for these urban structures. Tree dimensions (Diameter at Breast Height - DBH, total height and crown diameter) were projected for the 55th year post-planting, based on using minimum dimensions of seedlings from small, medium and large-sized species. It was done to estimate ecosystem services in i-Tree Eco software. Significant differences among floristic composition scenarios (p&lt;0.05) were observed for all ecosystem services in both cities. Compositions featuring large-sized species have show higher ability to provide ecosystem services, as well as higher monetary valuation, despite fitting a smaller number of trees in the assessed street segments. The herein formulated scenarios have shown the potential to increase the number of planted trees and to select compositions capable of maximizing ecosystem services’ provision and trees’ monetary value.

인공지능(AI)의 민사책임 - EU의 입법을 중심으로 -

In the digital age, the European Commission has published the AILD(Artificial Intelligence Liability Directive). The Commission proposed to supplement and modernize the EU's non-contractual civil liability regime, introducing new special rules for damages caused by AI systems. The new regulation is intended to ensure that victims of AI systems receive the same level of protection as victims of other technologies in the EU. The AILD reduces the burden of proof of damage caused by AI systems by creating a 'presumption of causal relationship' that can be disproved. It also gives courts the power to order the release of evidence about high-risk AI systems that appear to have caused harm. And, the European Commission announced the revision of the PLD(Product Liability Directive). The revised PLD aims to transform the EUs product liability regime to suit the digital age. The amendment introduces new regulations addressing liability for products such as software and digital services containing AI systems. In addition, the victim's burden of proof is alleviated by the presumption of defects and causal relationships, and the disclosure of evidence by the courts. Meanwhile, Korean laws that apply to artificial intelligence include the Tort Act and the Product Liability Act, both of which do not yet have special regulations on AI. In this situation, the EU's AILD(Artificial Intelligence Liability Directive) and the revision to the PLD(Product Liability Directive) give us many implications.

Help Desk Support Ticket and Issue Management

IT companies require methodical approaches to handle the growing volume of customer-reported software issues and service requests. An enormous backlog of unresolved issues has the potential to drastically raise software development and maintenance expenses. An IT company therefore need a clearly defined customer support model. It acts as a link between the client and the business from beginning to end. The support industry also used this to track and record any procedures and solutions used to close tickets. With the Helpdesk Ticketing System, you can use an online platform to solve questions in a web-based environment. To ensure seamless and efficient operation, the user can submit tickets for even the smallest questions. Both within the company and remotely, the ticketing tool is usable. which can be accessed by anyone in organization or end user.

Smart Building Security using ESP32 based AES One Bio-key and Owner's Biometrics Encryption Technology

Internet of Things (IoT) connects smart devices to the internet, but it poses significant security challenges. ‘Security measures like access control, authentication, and encryption must be implemented during IoT system development to safeguard sensitive information and ensure secure transmission. Regular security updates, ongoing assessment, and improved measures are necessary to address evolving threats. Data security is crucial for overall IoT system security, given its unique features like perception, transmission, and processing. In this paper, it is suggested using encryption for data sent over Wi-Fi to improve Internet of Things (IoT) security. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) commonly used encryption standard, and it is the encryption technique employed. AES algorithm uses one bio-key (variable key every minute) to maximize security and the capacity to fend off attacks. It is added the owner's biometric to the bio-key for authentication and security in order to authenticate the system. Our technology stands out with robust encryption and authentication against numerous assaults because the owner's biometrics are encrypted and it is added to the bio-key made up of the minute-by-minute changes to the year, month, day, hour, and minute. The data is encoded in ESP32 and sent to the local server and then stored in a Python language database using the HTTP protocol. The database is hosted on XAMPP, which is a web server package that allows easy database management.

A Comprehensive MATLAB based Optical Mark Reader and Database Generation System for the Windows Operating System

The importance of software systems in business cannot be overstated. Often, there are numerous processes involved in developing software solutions, including problem definition, solution design, building, testing, and maintenance. The objective of this study is to propose an optical mark reader (OMR) that is practical, affordable, and compatible with Windows. The OMR can be used to process data in polling places, schools, elections, and other comparable places. It was created especially for grading multiple-choice tests. It may be easily integrated with a multipurpose printer and comes with an updated tool for image scanning and reading. The article also provides a database that generates thorough reports and was built in a soft environment. The paper uses an aptitude test grading system for a university to show how well the system works, and the database successfully creates a detailed report of the student’s data and final results. The system was created utilizing state-of-the-art software, including MATLAB and SQL server.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Perusahaan Apple Dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Global

Apple Inc. is a multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California. In April 1976 the Apple Company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. The company designs, develops and sells electronic goods, software and online services. Software produced by Apple includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, iLife and iWork creativity and productivity tools, as well as many professional applications such as Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, and Xcode. The Apple company focuses on brand value and uniqueness through product quality, both in design, function and technological systems. Apple then implemented a branding strategy for its brand by presenting it as a manufacturer of technologically advanced and user-friendly devices. Another thing that the Apple company does is focus on products and user experience by creating connectivity between gadgets and their properties so that they can only use Apple products and cannot use other brand products. That's why Apple creates products and services that are designed to be inclusive from the start, with built-in accessibility features to help you connect, create, and do the things you want. Love in the way that suits you best. Therefore, Apple Company designs every product to keep your data safe and protected. The marketing strategy carried out is to provide brand value and uniqueness through the quality of the product, both in terms of design, features and the technology system in it. Apart from that, the Apple brand is unique in its elegant logo design with the shape of a bitten apple logo. The Apple company also always innovates by releasing its newest products.

Strategic promotion decisions of competing mobile application suppliers in Stackelberg game context

This paper considers a marketplace coexisting a brand mobile application supplier and an ordinary one providing customers with substitutable software service. The two suppliers can either promote the software individually (SP strategy) or resort to the downstream distributor (MP strategy) to achieve higher market demand. Taking the downstream distributor’s revenue sharing behavior and the demand expansion effect of MP strategy into consideration, we build a two-stage Stackelberg game model to explore the suppliers’ equilibrium promotion and pricing decisions. Through analysis, we obtain the following significant conclusions and managerial implications. Firstly, both suppliers would price highest in MM model. Secondly, the brand supplier prices higher in MS model than that in SM model while the ordinary supplier prices higher in MS model than that in SM model only when the brand difference between two suppliers is sufficiently high. Thirdly, when the demand expansion effect of MP strategy and the brand difference between two suppliers are both relatively low, SS may become the equilibrium no matter how high the revenue retaining ratio is, which inspires the suppliers in application supply chain to think outside the box. That is, it is not always beneficial to choose MP strategy when the revenue retaining ratio is sufficiently high. Noticeably, the above conclusions remain robust in extended models. Finally, while SM would never be the unique equilibrium in simultaneous game, it can be the equilibrium in sequential game.