Service-oriented Architecture Research Articles

A Survey on Resource Management for Cloud Native Mobile Computing: Opportunities and Challenges

Fifth-generation mobile communication networks (5G)/Beyond 5G (B5G) can achieve higher data rates, more significant connectivity, and lower latency to provide various mobile computing service categories, of which enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) are the three extreme cases. A symmetrically balanced mechanism must be considered in advance to fit the different requirements of such a wide variety of service categories and ensure that the limited resource capacity has been properly allocated. Therefore, a new network service architecture with higher flexibility, dispatchability, and symmetrical adaptivity is demanded. The cloud native architecture that enables service providers to build and run scalable applications/services is highly favored in such a setting, while a symmetrical resource allocation is still preserved. The microservice function in the cloud native architecture can further accelerate the development of various services in a 5G/B5G mobile wireless network. In addition, each microservice part can handle a dedicated service, making overall network management easier. There have been many research and development efforts in the recent literature on topics pertinent to cloud native, such as containerized provisioning, network slicing, and automation. However, there are still some problems and challenges ahead to be addressed. Among them, optimizing resource management for the best performance is fundamentally crucial given the challenge that the resource distribution in the cloud native architecture may need more symmetry. Thus, this paper will survey cloud native mobile computing, focusing on resource management issues of network slicing and containerization.

Secure Data Distribution Architecture in IoT Using MQTT

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the standard application layer protocols for the Internet of Things. It uses a publish/subscribe mechanism which organizes a set of clients around a server called the broker, which delivers published data to its intended recipients. This article proposes an architecture that allows MQTT brokers to cooperate and share their data with other interested MQTT brokers. It is a service-oriented architecture that wraps an MQTT broker with a well defined WebSockets-based interface which allows it to offer its topic space and published data to other MQTT brokers. The wrapped MQTT broker is called a broker service, and it discovers other broker services through a discovery service. Each broker service only connects to services that have data its clients are interested. Furthermore, these services are authenticated by obtaining tokens from an authentication service that registers and issues JSON Web Tokens for them. These tokens contain the identity and claims of their owners and they can be verified without contacting the authentication service. The proposed architecture simplifies data sharing and improves the security in scenarios with multiple MQTT brokers where clients can move between them. In these scenarios, the MQTT brokers need to obtain data based on their clients interests, which are constantly changing. It does so by isolating MQTT brokers into services that can be discovered and consumed over well-defined interfaces. The architecture was implemented in javascript using MQTT 3.1.1 standard complaint library. We demonstrate the performance characteristics of our architecture using our implementation through three scenarios, which are designed to compare the delay from publisher to subscriber when they operate within the same MQTT broker and different MQTT brokers. The results show that the overhead of our architecture is around 50% in two synthetic scenarios (performed on a single machine) and around 27% in a third scenario performed on the cloud with multiple virtual machines hosting the broker services and simulated clients.

Application and Data Integration Based on Services Oriented Architecture in Enterprise

Business process changes occurred very often in organizations to maintain business continuity, which had an impact on information changes and process flow improvements. There are numerous companies that have problems managing data, information, and software applications, especially with the constant demands for employee information. This research objective is to integrate data and applications based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) by using the service-oriented modelling architecture (SOMA) software development method to solve the problem of producing updated and real-time information practically required by organization functions. This research result shows this implementation can help analyze the company's business model by generating information needs and service candidates that refer to SOA concepts. This implementation also gives a solid integration of in-house applications with different platforms and data sources from different databases with real time information. From a technical point of view, this implementation also reduces the duplication of business process functions and in-house application management, as well as simplifying and accelerating the creation of new or updating in-house applications related to new information requirements of the company. It was found that the SOMA framework can also be employed as a reference for companies developing future applications with SOA basics. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-011 Full Text: PDF

Towards a cognitive engineering of transactional services in IoT based systems

Cognitive computing is the capability of a system to mimic the ability of human brain to learn and adapt from the surroundings. Cognitive systems have decision-making capabilities based on new information, actions and outcomes. Similarly, Internet of Things (IoT) aims at making things smart, and enabling them to perform complex tasks. Reliability and flexibility are persistent challenges in the IoT context where the promise is managing a multitude of devices and delivering real-time responses for critical smart applications. A limited number of studies examine these challenges while considering cognitive capabilities of things and have failed to handle thing’s specificities in terms of communication bandwidth, power availability and storage capacity. Following the service oriented architecture (SOA), the functionality can be encapsulated as services. Thus, automating the management of transactional services in smart IoT ecosystem can be fulfilled through the coupling of transactional properties to cognitive things. This paper provides a comprehensive approach to alleviate reliability restrictions in cognitive IoT service compositions. The concept of cognitive faculty (CF) is introduced to leverage transactional properties of services and can be customized to specific requirements of IoT applications. A proof-of-concept is included in this paper based on a self-monitoring IoT application for diabetic patients.

Design and Application of Medical Equipment Management System Based on B/S Architecture and WeChat Official Accounts

In order to solve the problems of equipment comprehensive management in grade A hospitals, such as complicated work, low maintenance efficiency, error-prone, non-standard management process, et al. A set of efficient information-based medical management equipment platform was designed to serve the concept of medical departments. B/S (browser and server) architecture and WeChat official accounts technology were adopted to construct the application end and WeChat official accounts client developed by Web technology, and MySQL server was selected as the system database technology. Asset management, equipment maintenance, quality control management, equipment leasing, data statistical analysis and other modules were integrated into the system, which optimized and standardized the medical equipment management process, improved the work efficiency of equipment management personnel, and improved the opening rate of medical equipment. Intelligent management by means of computer technology can effectively improve the utilization rate of hospital equipment, improve the level of hospital informatization and fine management, and contribute to the informatization development of medical engineering department.

Analysis of the Information System Integration of University Fusion Culture Communication Based on Network Video Automatic Generation Technology

Web services are self-describing and self-contained application modules, which have the advantages of platform independence and programming language independence. Service-oriented architecture is to use the above characteristics of Web services. Its innovation lies in solving the difficulty of manual production of network teaching resources, which is time-consuming, troublesome, long-term, and high-level requirements for teachers. Using this solution, any teacher can record the entire teaching situation and automatically generate two network teaching resources while teaching, which is easy to accumulate into a teaching resource library. The teaching process can be broadcast live on the Internet in real time (including video, audio, computer pictures, etc.). Based on the classic CNN-LSTM structure, the model adds a subject-verb-object classifier to the output of the LSTM network. Subject-verb-object information is the skeleton information of a sentence.

An Interoperable Blockchain Security Frameworks Based on Microservices and Smart Contract in IoT Environment

In the Internet of Things (IoT), technological developments have increased the significance of federated cloud systems with integrated cloud providers for exchange transactions. Monolithic IoT systems implement service-oriented architecture (SOA), which is complex for supporting scalability and communicating transactions in a federated cloud system. One weakness of conventional security methods is that they depend on a centralized party, which means there is a single point of failure for the system. In contrast, blockchain (BC) and microservice (MS) technologies allow services to split for independent tasks. In this research paper, we introduce BC security managers based on MS technology for federated cloud systems in an IoT environment. In addition, we present the design of the Federation Security System Manager (FSSM) MS with interoperability features. This enables the exchange of transactions between permissioned BC managers at different cloud providers, with some constraints. Furthermore, a security framework based on MSs and BCs is implemented to ensure security and protect access control. The security functions are deployed based on a smart contract between the permissioned BC managers to achieve interoperability. Finally, we introduce the development process of the proposed framework, which allows for interoperability and ensures the security and privacy of the participating data for a distributed IoT based on the federated cloud system.

Location-aware deep learning-based framework for optimizing cloud consumer quality of service-based service composition

<span>The expanding propensity of organization users to utilize cloud services urges to deliver services in a service pool with a variety of functional and non-functional attributes from online service providers. brokers of cloud services must intense rivalry competing with one another to provide quality of service (QoS) enhancements. Such rivalry prompts a troublesome and muddled providing composite services on the cloud using a simple service selection and composition approach. Therefore, cloud composition is considered a non-deterministic polynomial (NP-hard) and economically motivated problem. Hence, developing a reliable economic model for composition is of tremendous interest and to have importance for the cloud consumer. This paper provides “A location-aware deep learning framework for improving the QoS-based service composition for cloud consumers”. The proposed framework is firstly reducing the dimensions of data. Secondly, it applies a combination of the deep learning long short-term memory network and particle swarm optimization algorithm additionally to considering the location parameter to correctly forecast the QoS provisioned values. Finally, it composes the ideal services need to reduce the customer cost function. The suggested framework's performance has been demonstrated using a real dataset, proving that it superior the current models in terms of prediction and composition accuracy.</span>

Development of an automated system for testing a cloud service for deploying virtual machines using modern monitoring tools

The object of this study is a service for managing virtual machines in a cloud environment. When developing and operating such a service, it becomes necessary to assess its availability and reliability for compliance with the selected quality level that the client can count on. This paper presents a developed system that allows testing the availability of a cloud service for managing virtual machines. The method of integration with the existing monitoring system at the enterprise using open source software in order to reduce the cost of development and operation is considered. A test case for deploying and removing a virtual machine using a graphical user interface has been developed and implemented, and triggering criteria have been defined. The requirements for the architecture and implementation of the system based on the production statistics of the virtual machine creation service using the Prometheus monitoring system are collected and analyzed. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a new method of testing a cloud service for managing virtual machines in order to increase its reliability and availability. Based on this method, a system for testing virtual machines is described and implemented, as well as a method for integration into the monitoring system of the Intel cloud service. During the operation of cloud environments with the help of this system, problem areas were identified in the architecture of the virtual machine creation service, which made it possible to optimize the system operation in a timely manner. The described method is an effective way to test cloud services, and can also be used to analyze and improve reliability and availability.

Design of an Energy Supply and Demand Forecasting System Based on Web Crawler and a Grey Dynamic Model

An energy supply and demand forecasting system can help decision-makers grasp more comprehensive information, make accurate decisions and even plan a carbon-neutral future when adjusting energy structure, developing alternative energy resources and so on. This paper presents a hierarchical design of an energy supply and demand forecasting system based on web crawler and a grey dynamic model called GM(1,1) which covers all the process of data collection, data analysis and data prediction. It mainly consists of three services, namely Crawler Service (CS), Algorithm Service (AS), Data Service (DS). The architecture of multiple loose coupling services makes the system flexible in more data, and more advanced prediction algorithms for future energy forecasting works. In order to make higher prediction accuracy based on GM(1,1), this paper illustrates some basic enhanced methods and their combinations with adaptable variable weights. An implementation for testing the system was applied, where the model was set up for coal, oil and natural gas separately, and the enhanced GM was better with relative error about 9.18% than original GM on validation data between 2010 and 2020. All results are available for reference on adjusting of energy structure and developing alternative energy resources.

Toward Trustworthy and Privacy-Preserving Federated Deep Learning Service Framework for Industrial Internet of Things

In this article, we propose a trustworthy privacy-preserving federated learning (FL)-based deep learning (DL) service framework for Industrial Internet of Things-enabled systems. FL mitigates the privacy issues of the traditional collaborative learning model by aggregating multiple locally trained models without sharing any datasets among the participants. Nevertheless, the FL-based DL (FDL) model cannot be trusted as it is susceptible to intermediate results and data structure leakage during the model aggregation process. The proposed framework introduces an edge and cloud-powered service-oriented architecture identifying the key components and a service model for residual networks-based FDL with differential privacy for generating trustworthy locally trained models. The service model decomposes the functionality of the overall FDL process as services to ensure trustworthy execution through privacy preservation. Finally, we develop a privacy-preserving local model aggregation mechanism for FDL. We perform several experiments to assess the performance of the proposed framework.

Dynamic congestion management system for cloud service broker

<span lang="EN-US">The cloud computing model offers a shared pool of resources and services with diverse models presented to the clients through the internet by an on-demand scalable and dynamic pay-per-use model. The developers have identified the need for an automated system (cloud service broker (CSB)) that can contribute to exploiting the cloud capability, enhancing its functionality, and improving its performance. This research presents a dynamic congestion management (DCM) system which can manage the massive amount of cloud requests while considering the required quality for the clients’ requirements as regulated by the service-level policy. In addition, this research introduces a forwarding policy that can be utilized to choose high-priority calls coming from the cloud service requesters and passes them by the broker to the suitable cloud resources. The policy has made use of one of the mechanisms that are used by Cisco to assist the administration of the congestion that might take place at the broker side. Furthermore, the DCM system is used to help in provisioning and monitoring the works of the cloud providers through the job operation. The proposed DCM system was implemented and evaluated by using the CloudSim tool.</span>

Bringing Compiling Databases to RISC Architectures

Current hardware development greatly influences the design decisions of modern database systems. For many modern performance-focused database systems, query compilation emerged as an integral part and different approaches for code generation evolved, making use of standard compilers, general-purpose compiler libraries, or domain-specific code generators. However, development primarily focused on the dominating x86-64 server architecture; but neglected current hardware developments towards other CPU architectures like ARM and other RISC architectures. Therefore, we explore the design space of code generation in database systems considering a variety of state-of-the-art compilation approaches with a set of qualitative and quantitative metrics. Based on our findings, we have developed a new code generator called FireARM for AArch64-based systems in our database system, Umbra. We identify general as well as architecture-specific challenges for custom code generation in databases and provide potential solutions to abstract or handle them. Furthermore, we present an extensive evaluation of different compilation approaches in Umbra on a wide variety of x86-64 and ARM machines. In particular, we compare quantitative performance characteristics such as compilation latency and query throughput. Our results show that using standard languages and compiler infrastructures reduces the barrier to employing query compilation and allows for high performance on big data sets, while domain-specific code generators can achieve a significantly lower compilation overhead and allow for better targeting of new architectures.

Guest Editorial Multi-Tier Computing for Next Generation Wireless Networks—Part I

Multi-tier computing effectively enables flexible computation and communication resource sharing by offloading computation-intensive tasks to nearby servers along the cloud-to-thing continuum. In essence, multi-tier computing networks can distribute computing, storage, and communication functions anywhere between the cloud and the endpoint to take full advantage of the resources available along this continuum, thus extending the traditional cloud computing architecture to the edge of the network. With multi-tier computing, some application component processing, such as delay-sensitive components, can take place at the edge of the network, while other components, such as time-tolerant and computation-intensive components, can be performed in the cloud. To best meet user requirements, centralized cloud computing with extensive resources, secure environments, and powerful algorithms is still needed, but also must be complemented by distributed fog and edge computing with shared resources, accessible environments, and simple algorithms for real-time decision-making. Given heterogeneous computing resources and collaborative service architectures, future multi-tier computing networks will be capable of supporting a full range of computing and networking services for different environments and applications. This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for the latest advances in multi-tier computing for next-generation wireless network research, innovations, and applications. Multi-tier computing enables low-latency processing by allowing data to be processed at the network edge close to end devices. It also facilitates the distribution of fog/edge nodes to collect data from end devices. Therefore, multi-tier computing effectively complements the cloud computing architecture.

Latest Advances on Security Architecture for 5GTechnology and Services

The roll out of the deployment of the 5G technology has been ongoing globally. The deployment of the technologies associated with 5G has seen mixed reaction as regards its prospects to improve communication services in all spares of life amid its security concerns. The security concerns of 5G network lies in its architecture and other technologies that optimize the performance of its architecture. There are many fractions of 5G security architecture in the literature, a holistic security architectural structure will go a long way in tackling the security challenges. In this paper, the review of the security challenges of the 5G technology based on its architecture is presented along with their proposed solutions. This review was carried out with some keywords relating to 5G securities and architecture; this was used to retrieve appropriate literature for fitness of purpose. The 5G security architectures are majorly centered around the seven network security layers; thereby making each of the layers a source of security concern on the 5G network. Many of the 5G security challenges are related to authentication and authorization such as denial-of-service attacks, man in the middle attack and eavesdropping. Different methods both hardware (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, field programmable logic arrays) and software (Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Blockchain, Statistical Process Control) has been proposed for mitigating the threats. Other technologies applicable to 5G security concerns includes: Multi-radio access technology, smart-grid network and light fidelity. The implementation of these solutions should be reviewed on a timely basis because of the dynamic nature of threats which will greatly reduce the occurrence of security attacks on the 5G network.

The Relationship Between Capital Structure and Performance of Securities Brokerage Firms – a Case Study in Vietnam

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between capital structure and performance of securities brokerage firms. Theoretical framework: The study inherits previous studies on the relationship between capital structure and performance to reason, test and determine the optimal capital structure. Design/methodology/approach: Using Qualitative Research (Synthetic Methods; Statistical methods, description; Inductive and interpretive methods) and quantitative research methods (linear regression methods). Findings: The results identified an inherent structure that significantly affects performance through the variables: (1) Financial leverage of a stockbroker (FL) and (2) Brokerage company size (Siz). Research, Practical & Social implications: The study provides a number of discussions and evaluations on the important role of decision making on optimal capital structure for securities brokerage service companies, in addition to recommendations on financial solutions to improve operational efficiency for companies. Originality/value: Through the study of 105 securities brokerage companies, corresponding to 1,314 observations in the period 2003 - 2021.

Service-Oriented Network Virtualization toward Convergence of Networking and Cloud Computing

A holistic approach that makes it possible to control, manage, and optimize both computing resources and networking in a Cloud environment is required because of the crucial role that networking plays in Cloud computing. This results in a convergence of networking and Cloud computing. As a crucial feature for the next generation of networking, network virtualization is being implemented in the Internet and telecommunications sectors. It is anticipated that virtualization will bridge the gap between these two fields as a potential enabler of profound changes in the communications and computing domains. When applied to network virtualization, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) creates a Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) paradigm that may significantly facilitate the convergence of networking and Cloud computing. The use of SOA in network virtualization has recently received a lot of attention from both academia and industry. Although numerous pertinent research papers have been published, they are currently dispersed across a variety of subject areas in the literature, such as cloud computing, telecommunications, computer networking, and Web services. Specifically, we first introduce the SOA principle and review recent research progress on applying SOA to support network virtualization in both telecommunications and the Internet. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of the most recent developments in service-oriented network virtualization for supporting Cloud computing, particularly from the perspective of network and Cloud convergence through NaaS. Next, we discuss the most recent advancements in network service description, discovery, and composition, as well as a framework for network-to-cloud convergence based on service-oriented network virtualization. We also talk about the problems these technologies face because of network-cloud convergence and the research opportunities in these areas. Our goal is to get researchers interested in this new interdisciplinary field.

Women's political agency in difficult settings: Analysis of evidence from Egypt, Nigeria, Mozambique, and Pakistan

SummaryMotivationMale gatekeeping and biased social norms in difficult settings characterized by fragility, authoritarianism, and conflict create challenges for women's political participation. This article explores the nature of challenges experienced by women and how they exercise political agency in such settings—as voters, claimants, and brokers of services, and as activists.PurposeI investigate the range of expressions of women's political agency and responses they secure from public authorities in difficult settings. I ask the question: how and to what effect do women exercise political agency in difficult settings? Analysis of the range of expressions of political agency allows a broader view of women's engagement in politics.Methods and approachThe article develops a framework to identify the range of expressions of women's individual and collective agency from Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) studies conducted in Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan. This synthesis explores social norms and male gatekeeping; strategies women use to navigate these and limit backlash; and the changes that result from women taking action.FindingsEvidence shows that social norms and male gatekeeping limit women's engagement in politics and their relations with multiple public authorities that operate in difficult settings. Women use gender‐specific repertoires to organize protests and make claims on authorities and specific strategies to reduce the risk of backlash from their own communities and security agencies. The findings show that, while there is some success in claim‐making on specific issues and that at a personal level women feel more empowered, these do not necessarily lead to systemic change.Policy implicationsDonors and local authorities need to develop interventions that tackle male gatekeeping within political parties and communities to facilitate women's political engagement. Flexibility in funding will enable donors to work directly or indirectly with grassroots and national women's rights groups in difficult settings for developing contextualized, bottom‐up interventions. Strengthening pro‐gender‐equality alliances and spaces for deliberation will help to ensure that gender equality is not co‐opted by authoritarian leaders and populist groups and will sustain counter‐narratives.

Applications Integration in a Semi-Virtualized Environment

Enterprise application integration quickly arose as a problem for companies and solutions were proposed including point-to-point architecture, ETL (Extract, Transform and Load), EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) and ESBs (Enterprise Service Bus). With the rise of virtualization, how applications in a physical environment could interact with those that are in a virtualized environment. The objective of this paper is to study and define a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in a semi-virtualized environment. The authors propose an architecture which allows service integration in a semi-virtualized environment. This study uses a survey-based technique to seek which technology can be used in the considered environment. A state-of-the-art of the various IT designs and solutions enabling SOA implementation is presented. ESB technology has been retained for this study. A literary review is done on ESB to examine how it could be used in the semi-virtualized context. The findings of this study propose an architecture which allows service integration in a semi-virtualized environment. After an in-depth examination of different deployment possibilities and technical solutions proposed for this purpose, a new architecture based on the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is proposed for semi-virtualized context. This architecture is organized around two ESB solutions each deployed in an environment and interconnected by a communication bridge which ensures message routing between the two ESB buses. A practical deployment phase is carried out for illustration under Talend Open Studio with encouraging results. The proposed architecture is a good solution for companies whose information systems operate in a semi-virtualized environment.

An experimental study for the performance assessment of the DNS server architecture on IPv6 network

In this paper, an experimental investigation is conducted to study the performance of the educational research domain name system (ER-DNS) hierarchical server network which works on internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) only, instead of the publicly available dual stack DNS root servers on the internet. There is a high probability of making the entire internet system unstable if any changes are made. Thus, we have created the experimental testbed, which functions similar to the existing live internet systems. It thus gives more flexibility to experiment and make technical and operational changes, without risking the stability and reliability of the internet system. In this paper, we have setup the entire DNS hierarchy starting from the root to the recursive servers with the top level domain (TLD) and domain authoritative name servers has been setup. This setup enables the queries to flow from the end user recursive servers to the domain authoritative server via the root as well as the TLD servers and provide the result to the end user. Query response in each of these servers were recorded to derive the response time, failure and successes to help in assessing the efficiency, behavior, functionality, stability and reliability of the ER-DNS architecture in IPv6 networks.