Services Authority Research Articles

Strategies to Minimize Illegal Digital Lending Practices During The Pandemic Through Islamic Financial Literacy

AbstractPurpose – Financial technology lending or digital lending services arguably has the potentials to play an important role in the economic recovery during the pandemic time. However, a number of irresponsible people have illegally exploited the service for their selfish gain. This has resulted in many people whose rights have been jeopardized by the services. This study seeks to find out which of the three aspects, namely literacy, regulation, and implementation, serves as the root of the problem of the widespread practices of illegal digital lending among Indonesians. In addition, the study investigated whether Islamic financial literacy as a solution aspect can serve as the right strategy to minimize the practices of illegal digital lending.Methodology - The Analytical Hierarchy Proces (AHP) was used to explore the expert judgment of regulators, practitioners, and academicians on illegal digital lending. Moreover, experts’ agreement were calculated using Kendall’s Coeficient of Concordance.Findings - The study found that the most significant aspect of problem was the literacy dimension, reaching a perfect agreement. Moreover, the aspect of regulation was found to be the most significant aspect of solution, reaching a moderate agreement. Based on the respondents’ agreement, the Islamic finance literacy indicator of the literacy dimension was more recommended than the regulation dimension as an effective strategy to minimize the practices of illegal digital lending amids the pandemic. Still,the OJK as the authoritative financial service regulator needs to closely and strictly monitor the pratices of financial technology. Keywords: : Financial technology, Digital lending, Sharia financial literacy

Pathways to consumer demand and payment for professional rural water infrastructure maintenance across low-income contexts

Systems for regular, preventive maintenance of infrastructure are needed to ensure safe water access globally. Emerging and growing across rural sub-Saharan Africa, professionalized maintenance arrangements feature legal, regulated service providers who maintain infrastructure in exchange for consumer payment through contracts. However, little is understood about the conditions that enable service providers to retain consumer contracts, an important component of their sustainability that indicates consistent demand and payment. This paper uses fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify combinations of operational, natural, physical, political, and social conditions enabling high contract retention across 22 implementation cases in Uganda, uncovering 2 pathways to success. In both pathways, consistent expansion by the service provider normalizes concepts such as tariff payment and local government participation increases trust and accountability between the service provider and consumers. The predominant pathway features one additional condition, coordinated sector aid, ensuring consistent implementation and mitigating harmful dependencies. The alternative pathway relies on large user communities and ease of access to those communities to counteract uncoordinated aid. Thus, operational, social, and political conditions may be sufficient to enable high contract retention irrespective of natural and physical conditions. This paper uncovers the combined efforts required of service providers, service authorities, international donors, and local aid actors to ensure the sustainable maintenance of rural water infrastructure for reliable safe water access.

National Health Security Policy in Indonesia: A Narrative Review from Law Perspective

BACKGROUND: The Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution Article 28H clause (3) on the Rights to Social Security, Law No. 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System, and Law No. 24 of 2011 on the Healthcare and Social Security Agency stipulate that everyone has the right for social security to achieve an adequate standard of living and to increase their dignity. This is to create a prosperous and just society. AIM: This research aims to describe the current National Health Security (NHS) policy as well as the good governance-based NHS policy. METHODS: This is normative legal research by doing literature analysis and/or secondary data. This descriptive research uses the statute and conceptual approaches. RESULTS: Results show that the Indonesian NHS is based on Law No. 24 of 2011 on the Social Security Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial). It has not been implemented optimally due to lack of accommodation of the good governance principles, including legal certainty, benefit, non-partiality, prudence, non-abuse of authority, transparency, public interest, and good service. CONCLUSION: Thus, the government needs to optimize the application of these principles in managing the NHS policy to provide the best services for the people.

Авантюрист в рядах спецслужб? К биографии Петра Васильевича Глинко–Апина

The article deals with the problem of embedding foreigners in the early Soviet society in the conditions of the end of the Civil War in Siberia. For this purpose, on the basis of the anthropological approach, theories of social adaptation and social identity, the biography of the representative of the Czech intelligentsia Pyotr Vasilyevich Glinko–Appin is analyzed. The final stage of his life was associated with work in the special services of anti-Bolshevik and pro-Soviet authorities, being in custody, participating in the Soviet underground, and working as a civil engineer. The basis for the study is a complex of unpublished forensic and investigative materials that are part of the archival criminal case against the hero of the story. In conclusion, it is emphasized that a foreign officer with an anti-Bolshevik past could not count on successful social adaptation in the conditions of Soviet Russia.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services of customs authorities in the field of foreign economic activity

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services of customs authorities in the field of foreign economic activity

Typical Model of Customs Services in the Public Sector of the Economy

The article is devoted to the scientific and practical problem of building a typical model of services provided by customs authorities. Based on the results of the study, the problem of insufficient elaboration of the content of the concept of “customs service” was identified, which does not contribute to the development of administrative regulations for new public services; carrying out scientific work related to the economic activities of customs authorities; and the formation of a comprehensive understanding of the results of the functioning of the customs service among those studying customs business. The article presents a typical model of services of customs authorities, within which the subjects of the parties of the recipient of services and the provider of the service are identified. Also the entire set of relations that arise in the process of obtaining a public service is divided into three types: direct provision, interdepartmental interaction and appeal. The classification of services performed by the customs authorities into actions with registers, with information and with preliminary decisions is presented.

The Gendered Impact of COVID-19 Directives on Access to Criminal Justice in South Africa

Gender-based violence (GBV) knows no boundaries, and no region has been immune to this scourge. In the South African context, GBV had reached pandemic levels long before the COVID-19 virus. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown measures adopted in response to it, cases of GBV rose steeply. The pandemic also saw major criminal justice players in South Africa, including the South African Police Service, the National Prosecuting Authority, the judiciary, and Correctional Services, adopt directives to regulate criminal justice during the lockdown periods. The directives took the form of general directives, arguably having no implications for women’s right to access to criminal justice. In this article, I examine selected directives by criminal justice players with a focus on those issued by the judiciary. I assess whether these directives could have been gendered, thus negatively impacting women’s access to criminal justice during the COVID-19 pandemic. I conduct this analysis using the concept of intersectionality, which underscores that the social categorisation of an individual, such as gender, race, nationality, and class can sometimes overlap or compound, thus causing disadvantage or discrimination. Based on this analysis, I conclude that some of these directives were gendered and could have exacerbated the challenge of access to justice by survivors of GBV. This conclusion seeks to confirm the view that seemingly gender-neutral directives and regulations may in fact contain gendered elements.

Authoritative and Unbiased Responses to Geographic Queries

A protocol for processing geographic data is proposed to guarantee authoritative and unbiased responses to geographic queries, without the need to rely on trusted third parties. The integrity of the proposed authoritative and unbiased geographic services (AUGS) protocol is guaranteed by employing novel hash tree based authenticated data structures (ADS) in conjunction with a blockchain ledger. Hash tree based ADSes are used to incrementally compute a succinct dynamic commitments to AUGS data. A blockchain ledger is used to record 1) transactions that trigger updates to AUGS data, and 2) the updated cryptographic commitments to AUGS data. Untrusted service providers are required to provide verification objects (VOs) as proof-of-correctness of their responses to AUGS queries. Anyone with access to commitments in ledger entries can verify the proof.

Moderation of risk preferences on factors influencing MSME taxpayer compliance in Indonesian digital transactions

The advancement of digital technology encourages the growth of MSMEs transacting online. However, the phenomenon shows that the Indonesian tax ratio declines because the tax compliance increase rate does not accompany the potential tax base growth. This study analyzed the determining factors of tax compliance: tax knowledge, tax sanctions, peer influence, and the quality of tax authority services moderated by risk preferences. Because of the data analysis, it was discovered that only tax knowledge had a clear impact and risk preferences had no significant influence on the factors that influenced MSME tax compliance in digital transactions. Limited information circulating citizens about MSME-specific policies in digital commerce and rules that have not been communicated in online marketplaces are the main tasks for tax authorities in Indonesia. This study proposes a model of MSME's tax compliance in a digital transaction.

Early positive approaches to support for families of young children with intellectual disability: the E-PAtS feasibility RCT

Background Parents of children with intellectual disability are 1.5–2 times more likely than other parents to report mental health difficulties. There is a lack of clinically effective and cost-effective group well-being interventions designed for family carers of young children with intellectual disability. Aim To examine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Early Positive Approaches to Support (E-PAtS) intervention. Design A feasibility study (including randomisation of families into a two-arm trial), questionnaires to assess the feasibility of proposed outcome measures (including resource use and health-related quality of life) and practitioner/family carer interviews. An additional question was included in an online UK survey of families, conducted by the research team to assess usual practice, and a survey of provider organisations. Setting Families recruited from community contexts (i.e. third sector, local authority services, special schools) and self-referral. The E-PAtS intervention was delivered by trained community-based providers. Participants Families with at least one child aged 1.5–5 years with an intellectual disability. At least one parent had to have English-language ability (spoken) for E-PAtS programme participation and participants had to provide informed consent. Interventions E-PAtS intervention – two caregivers from each family invited to eight 2.5-hour group sessions with usual practice. Usual practice – other support provided to the family, including other parenting support. Objectives To assess randomisation willingness/feasibility, recruitment of providers/parents, retention, usual practice, adherence, fidelity and feasibility of proposed outcome measures (including the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale as the proposed primary outcome measure, and parent anxiety/depression, parenting, family functioning/relationships, child behavioural/emotional problems and adaptive skills, child and parent quality of life, and family services receipt as the proposed secondary outcome measures). Results Seventy-four families (95 carers) were recruited from three sites (with 37 families allocated to the intervention). From referrals, the recruitment rate was 65% (95% confidence interval 56% to 74%). Seventy-two per cent of families were retained at the 12-month follow-up (95% confidence interval 60% to 81%). Exploratory regression analysis showed that the mean Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale well-being score was 3.96 points higher in the intervention group (95% confidence interval –1.39 to 9.32 points) at 12 months post randomisation. High levels of data completeness were achieved on returned questionnaires. Interviews (n = 25) confirmed that (1) recruitment, randomisation processes and the intervention were acceptable to family carers, E-PAtS facilitators and community staff; (2) E-PAtS delivery were consistent with the logic model; and (3) researchers requesting consent in future for routine data would be acceptable. Recorded E-PAtS sessions demonstrated good fidelity (96% of components present). Adherence (i.e. at least one carer from the family attending five out of eight E-PAtS sessions) was 76%. Health-related quality-of-life and services receipt data were gathered successfully. An online UK survey to assess usual practice (n = 673) showed that 10% of families of young children with intellectual disability received any intervention over 12 months. A provider survey (n = 15) indicated willingness to take part in future research. Limitations Obtaining session recordings for fidelity was difficult. Recruitment processes need to be reviewed to improve diversity and strategies are needed to improve primary outcome completion. Conclusions Study processes were feasible. The E-PAtS intervention was well received and outcomes for families were positive. A barrier to future organisation participation is funding for intervention costs. A definitive trial to test the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of E-PAtS would be feasible. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN70419473. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward community pharmacist clinical services: An analysis of data from 2004 and 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe and compare the public’s change in awareness and perceptions of, willingness to use, willingness to pay, and interest in insurance coverage for community pharmacist prescriptive authority services and point of care testing over a time span of 14 years. MethodsThis was a retrospective review of anonymous questionnaires administered by student pharmacists in 2004 and in 2018. Questionnaires were administered to individuals who presented to University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy sponsored health fair screenings and at various community pharmacies throughout the state of New Mexico (NM). ResultsIn total, 545 (2004) and 659 (2017–2018) participants completed the questionnaire. Awareness of community pharmacist clinical services increased from 2004 to 2018. In 2018, awareness of newer prescriptive authority services provided by pharmacists in NM was low relative to the services assessed in previous years. Most respondents indicated a willingness to use and pay for pharmacist-provided clinical services and felt that pharmacists should receive compensation by their insurance for these services. Trust in pharmacist advice grew from 2004 to 2018. ConclusionOverall rates of awareness of community pharmacist clinical services were low with the exception of immunizations; however, most participants indicated interest in and willingness to use these services. Most participants believed pharmacists should receive reimbursement from insurance companies for clinical services and were also willing to pay a copay or out-of-pocket cost for these services.

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah Dengan Metode DuPont System Pada PT. Bank BRI Syariah Periode 2016-2019

It is very important to measure financial performance by digging up more information contained in financial statements, financial statements are the end result of the accounting process, which must provide useful information for decision making by various parties. This study aims to obtain an overview of the company's financial performance by applying the DuPont System method. In addition, this analysis can evaluate changes in company conditions and performance, whether there is an increase or decrease or both. The variables used in the DuPont System calculation are Return On Investment, Total Asset Turnover, and Net Profit Margin. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive, the source of the data needed in this study is secondary data, the data used in this study are data published by BRI Syariah Bank and BRI Syariah Bank publication reports that exist at the Service Authority. Finance (OJK). The results of this study indicate that the performance of BRISyariah fluctuates every year. Where tends to decrease at the level of Net Profit Margin, Total Assets Turnover, and Return On Investment. The highest Net Profit Margin for five years occurred in 2016 at 6.16% and the lowest occurred in 2019 at 2.04%. The largest Total Assets Turnover was 0.10 times in 2016 and the lowest was 0.08 times in 2019. The highest Return On Investment was 0.16% in 2016 and the lowest was 0.17% in 2019. This shows that the performance of BRI Syariah Bank in generating profits is said to be poor because it tends to decrease every year, even though the level of the DuPont System at BRI Syariah Banks has fluctuated, but it is still said to be positive due to the determination of the DuPont Syatem level criteria, namely the ROI of BRI Syariah Banks is still quite healthy.

Field trial with tactical bubbles for mission critical communications

AbstractMain research and development interest of 5G and beyond systems are focusing on solution for populated and hot spot areas, but public safety authorities need reliable communication solutions in rural and remote areas. Tactical bubbles—ad hoc‐type nonpublic communications networks built with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project‐based mobile technologies—offer mission critical communications services for public safety authorities in areas with bad mobile network coverage while also providing additional capacity in hot spot areas. In this experimental study, three interconnected bubbles acting on three different frequency bands—2.3 GHz (40), 2.6 GHz (7), and 3.5 GHz (n78)—are trialed. This article provides the analysis of different factors related to performance and user experience of tactical bubbles. Both ground‐level and aerial trial measurements, as well as simulations, were utilized to verify our configuration for the tactical bubbles and their fulfillment of the quality requirements. The performance and coverage of the tactical bubbles are evaluated in a trial, which represents authorities' search operations in a rural environment with hills, forests, and swamps. The achieved coverage range of the bubbles is more than 1000 m with the unmanned aerial system‐based measurements, whereas by car, the coverage is less than 600 m. The effect of obstacles (ie, buildings and hills) on the coverage area and performance of bubbles is significant, especially on car‐based measurements on the ground level.

The Impact of Organizational Structure and Technology Use on Collaborative Practices in Computer Emergency Response Teams: An Empirical Study

Besides the merits of increasing digitization and interconnectedness in private and professional spaces, critical infrastructures and societies are more and more exposed to cyberattacks. In order to enhance the preventative and reactive capabilities against cyberattacks, Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) are deployed in many countries and organizations. In Germany, CERTs in the public sector operate on federal and state level to provide information security services for authorities, citizens, and enterprises. Their tasks of monitoring, analyzing, and communicating threats and incidents is getting more complex due to the increasing amount of information disseminated into public channels. By adopting the perspectives of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Crisis Informatics, we contribute to the study of organizational structures, technology use, and the impact on collaborative practices in and between state CERTs with empirical research based on expert interviews with representatives of German state CERTs (N=15) and supplementary document analyses (N=25). We derive design and policy implications from our findings, including the need for interoperable and modular architecture, a shift towards service level agreements, cross-platform monitoring and analysis of incident data, use of deduplication techniques and standardized threat exchange formats, a reduction of resource costs through process automation, and transparent reporting and tool structures for information exchange.

Taxpayer's Compliance: Towards Voluntary Compliance

The understanding of taxpayers' regulatory compliance still remains a big question. There have been some studies discussing about the taxpayers' regulatory compliance. Its variety of variables covers: 1) tax cognition, 2) tax understanding, 3) sunset policy, 4) tax amnesty, 5) tax sanction, 6) taxpayer awareness, 7) tax authorities service, 8) taxpayer's willingness, 9) perception on service effectiveness, 10) tax automation, 11) taxpayer's environment, 12) tax tariff, and 13) many more. A number of studies on the taxpayers' regulatory compliance mentioned indicate that this topic is still a special concern, and the main focus tends to center on the factors affecting on the taxpayers' regulatory compliance. This study does not refocus on influencing factors on the taxpayers' regulatory compliance. This study aims to criticize the understanding of the prospective and the taxpayers' about the taxpayers' regulatory compliance. It is sometimes measured from administrative regulation, punctuality, or willingness for payment. Unfortunately, self-understanding about the taxpayers' regulatory compliance has not been seriously taken for implementation. This topic is very interesting since there have been many topics talking about tax planning, self-corruption by taxpayers (an effort to reduce the reported amount of income tax), or some efforts to analyze influencing factors on the taxpayers' regulatory compliance, but does not study the definitions of it. Keywords: Taxpayer's Compliance; Voluntary Compliance; Awareness; Qualitative Research

Impact of video quality when evaluating video-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized, controlled simulation trial

BackgroundAlthough not routinely established during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), video-assisted CPR has been described as beneficial in the communication with emergency medical service (EMS) authorities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest scenarios. Since the influence of video quality has not been investigated systematically and due to variation of quality of a live-stream video during video-assisted CPR, we investigated the influence of different video quality levels during the evaluation of CPR performance in video sequences.MethodsSeven video sequences of CPR performance were recorded in high quality and artificially reduced to medium and low quality afterwards. Video sequences showed either correct CPR performance or one of six typical errors: too low and too high compression rate, superficial and increased compression depth, wrong hand position and incomplete release. Video sequences were randomly assigned to the different quality levels. During the randomised and double-blinded evaluation process, 46 paramedics and 47 emergency physicians evaluated seven video sequences of CPR performance in different quality levels (high, medium and low resolution).ResultsOf 650 video sequences, CPR performance was evaluable in 98.2%. CPR performance was correctly evaluated in 71.5% at low quality, in 76.8% at medium quality, and in 77.3% at high quality level, showing no significant differences depending on video quality (p = 0.306). In the subgroup analysis, correct classification of increased compression depth showed significant differences depending on video quality (p = 0.006). Further, there were significant differences in correct CPR classification depending on the presented error (p < 0.001). Allegedly errors, that were not shown in the video sequence, were classified in 28.3%, insignificantly depending on video quality. Correct evaluation did not show significant interprofessional differences (p = 0.468).ConclusionVideo quality has no significant impact on the evaluation of CPR in a video sequence. Even low video quality leads to an acceptable rate of correct evaluation of CPR performance. There is a significant difference in evaluation of CPR performance depending on the presented error in a video sequence.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trial Register (Registration number DRKS00015297) Registered on 2018-08-21.

A Robust Approach for Identifying the Major Components of the Bribery Tolerance Index

The paper aims to emphasize the advantages of several advanced statistical and data mining techniques when applied to the dense literature on corruption measurements and determinants. For this purpose, we used all seven waves of the World Values Survey and we employed the Naive Bayes technique in SQL Server Analysis Services 2016, the LASSO package together with logit and melogit regressions with raw coefficients in Stata 16. We further conducted different types of tests and cross-validations on the wave, country, gender, and age categories. For eliminating multicollinearity, we used predictor correlation matrices. Moreover, we assessed the maximum computed variance inflation factor (VIF) against a maximum acceptable threshold, depending on the model’s R squared in Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regressions. Our main contribution consists of a methodology for exploring and validating the most important predictors of the risk associated with bribery tolerance. We found the significant role of three influences corresponding to questions about attitudes towards the property, authority, and public services, and other people in terms of anti-cheating, anti-evasion, and anti-violence. We used scobit, probit, and logit regressions with average marginal effects to build and test the index based on these attitudes. We successfully tested the index using also risk prediction nomograms and accuracy measurements (AUCROC &gt; 0.9).

MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON NON-PERFORMING FINANCING IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANK: ERROR CORRECTION MODEL APPROACH

Non-performing Financing (NPF) is a ratio to measure the non-performing finance level in Islamic banks and one indicator of Islamic banking's health. The higher NPF indicates the quality of the bank's financing was terrible. This study aims to determine several macroeconomic factors on the NPF ratio in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. This study applies Error Correction Model (ECM) with saturated sample methods. Sources of data from the official websites of the Financial Authority Services (OJK), Bank Indonesia (BI), and Indonesia Statistics Bureau (BPS). The sample used was Islamic commercial banks in all periods starting from January 2014 to February 2020 published in Islamic banking statistics. There are 74 Islamic commercial banks as observations. The results of this study are pretty surprising. In the short term, macroeconomic variables influence the NPF ratio in Islamic banks, while only inflation affects the NPF for a long time. The government needs to be more able to control when giving policies to increase inflation due to the impact of problematic Financing in Islamic banking. If it occurs continuously, the bank will threaten with bankruptcy. For the Islamic banking industry, we hoped that it could be wiser in placing the liquidity owned, especially when it comes to giving the financing, must carefully look at the customer's portfolio. This study provides comprehensive information on the macroeconomic impact on non-performing financing, specifically on Islamic banks in Indonesia.

A survey on the blockchain techniques for the Internet of Vehicles security

AbstractRecently, The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept is becoming very popular due to sharing of the data between vehicles and the infrastructure. The sharing of data is very important for enhancing vehicular services, but at the same time makes IoV vulnerable for security and privacy issues. The smart and interconnected vehicles produce sophisticated services for transport authorities, car manufacturers, vehicle owners, and other service providers. IoV are very vulnerable to malicious attacks due to its self‐organizing nature and the open source nature of its implementations. This exposes the smart and interconnected vehicles to a variety of privacy and security threats, such as a remote hijacking or location tracking of vehicles. Thus, the security for IoV environment is critical. Blockchain technology has been recently used for cybersecurity due to the robustness and integrity preserving nature of its design. This review article provides a detailed survey of existing work in the literature to secure IoV through blockchain techniques such as security, privacy, reputation, distributed, decentralized, data sharing, authentication, and trust‐based approaches. The paper presents the detailed discussion and analysis of these blockchain techniques to secure IoV. In addition, we present the gaps and research challenges identified from the existing research works. This provides work directions for future research in blockchain techniques to secure IoV.

Evaluation of the Regional Public Authorities’ Activities

The society expects from the public authorities an effective and responsible management aimed at meeting both needs of the society and the needs of individual citizens. An unsolved task is to develop a methodology for ensuring adequate and objective assessment of both results and related costs, as well as to ensure the comparability of the obtained estimates. The article shows evaluation methods of the public authorities’ activities and reveals the factors that explain the current situation. The authors propose indicators that meet current trends, in particular the concept of sustainable development, within which the world community is moving. The system of balanced indicators allows to link strategic goals and key indicators that measure the degree of their achievement in the regions. The formation of a perfect evaluation system for the public authorities activities includes monitoring the obtained results, their comparison with the forecast and plan under the condition of clearly defined costs in advance. This involves the use of a set of indicators, in particular: indicators that characterise economic and financial sustainability, those which assess institutional development, social transformation, environmental responsibility and energy efficiency. The influence of the public opinion makes any management process more or less public, so it is necessary to intensify the process of the public monitoring of the public authorities services’ provision, with further response or accumulation of the information for further consideration. Key words: evaluation; managemen; public authorities; region JEL Classification: &nbsp; C13,&nbsp;H70,&nbsp;R58