Service Area Research Articles

Spatial design guidelines for waterfall tourist attraction: A case study in Wang Hin Lat Waterfall, Trang province

This article investigates the sustainable development of the Wang Hin Lat waterfall tourist attraction, focusing on spatial design and land use. A field survey collected physical data, including topography, tourist attraction resources, facilities, land use, and access while community needs were gathered through focus group meetings, and tourist behavior was observed. The analyzed data led to proposed guidelines for tourist attraction development, emphasizing area utilization, carrying capacity, layout plan, and management. Despite the waterfall's natural beauty and provincial popularity, deficiencies in infrastructure, utilities, facilities, and land use planning contribute to congestion issues. It is a small waterfall capable of accommodating a limited number of tourists. Recommendations for Wang Hin Lat waterfall development include clearly defining and prioritizing zoning for natural areas, recreation zones, service and office areas, shops, parking, and entrances. A suggested tourist limit of 300, with access control points, aims to manage congestion. Diversifying activities, such as promoting nature, culture, and lifestyle learning, developing nature trails, and establishing clear regulations, is essential for the sustainable coexistence of tourist attraction development and nature conservation.

A Qualitative Review of the Air Rescue One Rural Search and Rescue Program in British Columbia, Canada.

Rural emergency prehospital care in British Columbia is conducted primarily by the British Columbia Ambulance Services or ground search and rescue volunteers. Since 2014, the volunteer Air Rescue One (AR1) program has provided helicopter emergency winch rescue services to rural British Columbia. The aim of this research was to describe the activity of the AR1 program and to make recommendations to improve future operations. Data were collected retrospectively from September 2014 to May 2021, and parameters of emergency callout statistics from the organization's standard operating guidelines, rescue reports, and interviews were summarized and reviewed. Of 152 missions within the study period, 105 were medically related rescues involving trauma or cardiac events. Snowmobiling, mountain biking, and hiking were the most common activities requiring rescue. The 38 medical callouts that were not completed by AR1 were reviewed for contributing factors. Response time varied due to the vast service area, but median time from request to takeoff was 55 min (interquartile range 47-69 min), and median on-scene time was 21 min (interquartile range 11-33 min). AR1 provides advanced medical care into British Columbia's remote and difficult-to-access areas, minimizing delays in treatment and risk to patients and responders. Callout procedures should be streamlined enabling efficient AR1 activation. Collection of medical and flight information should be improved with standardized documentation, aiding in internal education and future research into the program's impact on emergency prehospital care. Future directions for improvement of care include the possibility of introducing portable ultrasound technology.

The Role of Stakeholders in Enhancing the Public Service Agency's and Area Management's Performance Information Adequacy

In addition to understanding the process for PNBP BLU income targets in the context of various BLU characteristics, the study intends to assess the role of stakeholders in the formulation of the performance of Public Service Agencies (BLU) involved in area management. This study focuses on the role of agents and principals in BLU performance decision making, as well as addressing problems connected to the application of input cost standards (SBM) and operational cost details in budgeting, in an effort to improve the efficiency and quality of BLU services. The findings of this study have the potential to significantly enhance BLU management in the field of area management and raise the standard of community services. This kind of research is exploratory and qualitative, concentrating on how performance is defined in relation to the budget. The research data were gathered from two sources: 1) interviews with six stakeholders who represented principals and 23 resource persons who served as agents for four BLUs; and 2) planning-budgeting materials that served as guidelines for BLU policy (including its rules). The study was carried out in 2022, from March to September. Based on the involvement of stakeholders, the study's findings identified two traits of BLU organizations within regional management clusters: 1) BLU exclusively as Satker; 2) BLU as a ministry in addition to Satker. Performance information is more explicitly formulated by BLU stakeholders, ministries, and Satker than by BLU alone. The more important BLU must take into account when planning and budgeting, the less focused and obviously linked the BLU service performance of regional management clusters is in the planning and budgeting documents.

Behavior of pregnant women to improve oral health knowledge during pregnancy according to Lawrence Green theory in Pakis Public Health Service Area

Background: Pregnancy involves conception, fetal development, and labor. The health of pregnant women needs to pay attention to aspects of oral health because it affects fetal development. The prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant women reached 35%-100%. Lawrence Green categorizes behavioral influence factors into two, namely behavior and non-behavior, with three main factors: predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling. Purpose: To determine the relationship between the behavior of pregnant women in increasing knowledge about oral health during pregnancy. Methods: This study used qualitative research methods, and information retrieval using in-depth interviews with research samples, who were pregnant women at Pakis public health service area on September 14-30, 2020. Results: There are main findings found such as, there are still pregnant women who do not know how to maintain oral health during pregnancy, pregnant women still do not try to find out information related to oral health during pregnancy, and it was also found that the information provided at services related to oral health during pregnancy was felt to be lacking by some informants. Conclusion: In terms of knowledge and attitudes (predisposing factors), as well as access to services (enabling factors), informants did not experience any obstacles. In terms of support (reinforcing factors), most informants highlighted the importance of support from husbands, family, relatives, and friends for the oral health of pregnant women.

The methodology of designing antenna systems of central stations located at unique non-specialized facilities

A classification of unique objects for the placement of antenna systems of central stations has been developed, taking into account the geometry of the object, as well as the requirements for the configuration of the service area and the distribution of the channel resource. A technique for designing antenna systems has been developed. Examples of the solutions obtained for objects of different configurations are given. The proposed methodology can be used in the design of central stations.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Silver Diamine Fluoride among Dentists in Vietnam.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical solution used for managing dental caries. The mixed-methods study consists of a quantitative study (questionnaire survey) and a qualitative study (in-depth interview) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SDF among dentists in Vietnam. A descriptive approach and a thematic approach were performed to analyze data, respectively. The questionnaire survey invited 436 licensed dentists registered for the national annual dental meeting and 226 dentists participated (response rate: 52%). Among them, 174 (77%, 174/226) dentists knew SDF, and 69 (40%, 69/174) dentists used SDF for caries management. Most of them considered SDF therapy as non-invasive (84%, 146/174) and simple (80%, 140/174). However, most of them expressed concern that SDF could discolor the tooth (74%, 128/174). Their most preferred teeth for SDF therapy were primary posterior teeth (92%, 160/174). The in-depth interview consulted 16 dentists to reach data saturation. They learned about SDF from outside curriculum resources as an effective anti-caries agent. They understood the advantages (simple, non-invasive, timesaving) and disadvantages (tooth discoloring, ammonia odor) of SDF. They used SDF to arrest caries in uncooperative children in the clinic and people living in rural areas in outreach services. Most dentists in Vietnam are supportive of SDF therapy, and they know its advantages and disadvantages for caries management. The results addressed the aim of the study to investigate Vietnamese dentists' perspectives towards SDF.

Association of comprehensiveness of antiretroviral care and detectable HIV viral load suppression among pregnant and postpartum women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional study.

Worldwide, over two-thirds of people living with HIV are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite increased ART access, high virological suppression prevalence remains out of reach. Few studies consider the quality of ART services and their impact on recipients' viral suppression. We assessed the association between ART service readiness and HIV viral load suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV (WLH) receiving ART in maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. We performed a cross-sectional analysis leveraging data from a continuous quality improvement intervention on WLH's long-term ART outcomes. From November 2016 to May 2020, we enrolled WLH from the three largest clinics in each of Kinshasa'Łs 35 health zones. We measured clinic's readiness using three WHO-identified ART care quality indicators: relevant guidelines in ART service area, stocks of essential ART medicines, and relevant staff training in ≥24 months, scoring clinics 0-3 based on observed indicators. We defined viral load suppression as ≤1,000 cp/ml. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (ORs) measuring the strength of the association between ART service readiness and viral suppression. Of 2,295 WLH, only 1.9% received care from a clinic with a score of 3, 24.1% received care from a 0-scoring clinic, and overall, 66.5% achieved virologically suppression. Suppression increased from 65% among WLH receiving care in 0-scoring clinics to 66.9% in 1-scoring clinics, 65.8% in 2-scoring clinics, and 76.1% in 3-scoring clinics. We did not observe a statistically significant association between ART service readiness score and increased viral suppression prevalence, however we did find associations between other factors, such as the location of the health center and pharmacist availability with suppressed viral load. A lack of comprehensive ART care underscores the need for enhanced structural and organizational support to improve virological suppression and overall health outcomes for women living with HIV..

Rute Optimal Keterjangkauan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit terhadap Lokasi Rawan Kecelakaan di Kota Padang

This research aims to; 1) map the distribution of accident locations in Padang Timur Subdistrict. 2) analyze health service facilities to accident-prone points. 3) analyze the optimal route of accident-prone locations to public health facilities. This research method uses quantitative methods and the data used are secondary data and primary data. In getting the results of the distribution pattern of the location point, the researcher uses Averagea Nearest Neighbor while to get the results of the hospital coverage using the Service Area method. The results of this study found that the distribution of areas prone to traffic accidents in East Padang Sub-district in 2022 has a clustered pattern. It is known that the Nearest Neighbor Ratio value is 0.75; the z-score value is -2.17; and the p-value is 0.02. The range of hospitals to the location of traffic accidents on the Padang City Bypass highway has a range of 100 m - 2000 m, from six hospitals in East Padang Subdistrict, there are 15 traffic accidents that are reached and 6 traffic accidents that are not reached by the three hospitals.

“If it all goes digital, we’ll have to learn”: facilitators and barriers to uptake of digital health in British South Asians with cardiometabolic disease

BackgroundAlthough availability and utilisation of digital health interventions (DHIs) for management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (“cardiometabolic disease”) have increased, they may exacerbate health inequalities. South Asians have increased cardiometabolic risk, but their experiences of DHIs are poorly investigated and characterised.ObjectiveTo explore facilitators and barriers to DHI uptake and use in South Asian individuals in the UK with cardiometabolic disease.MethodsMixed-methods approach encompassing online/face-to-face/individual interviews (n = 45) and survey (n = 100). After informed consent, transcription and coding, we conducted a thematic analysis informed by a guide for understanding inequalities in DHIs to examine perceptions at the individual, healthcare professional, societal and intervention level.ResultsParticipants described an intersection of factors resulting in varied digital skills and confidence within the community, including individual characteristics, awareness, and support. COVID-19 restrictions acted as both a positive (use of online shopping and social media increasing digital confidence) and negative (lack of access to health services) drivers to DHI uptake. Participants made recommendations for improving DHI uptake in the health service and policy area, such as promotion and upskilling through culturally and language-appropriate avenues such as community organisations and outlets. Participants suggested DHI design improvements should focus on literacy, numeracy, accessibility, and cultural appropriateness.ConclusionsDHIs have the potential to support South Asian populations in the UK to prevent and manage cardiometabolic disease. To improve their uptake, approaches to their implementation should consider community diversity to provide appropriate promotion, education, and support.

Service area delineation to support on-demand mobility for the transport disadvantaged

Given the significance of technology to enhance public transit services and its potential for improving access to and the delivery of transportation services, this paper addresses strategic neighborhood mobility improvements to aid the transportation-disadvantaged. A spatial optimization model is presented to identify underserved areas for which transit can be better tailored to meet their mobility needs. The introduction of mobility-on-demand in the Cincinnati metropolitan area to augment and complement existing fixed-route transit is reported. The use of spatial analytics to support targeted neighborhood system design is detailed. The study illustrates how new mobility-on-demand services will substantially enhance travel options for the transport disadvantaged. Further, the use of spatial analytics offers insights for transit service plan development and implementation by more precisely targeting mobility needs in service area delineation and operationalization.

Tripe Soup at the Service Area: Thoughts on an Infrastructure of Meaningful Sociality

Abstract In this paper, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork (participant observation) carried out at a Bulgarian service area to argue that such spaces create a ‘meaningful sociality’ building on imagination and sensual experience, as well as on experiences of intersectional oppression or dominance. I draw on the history and adaptations of shkembeto (tripe soup) and my observations of its preparation and serving at one such service area. This soup, which is famous in Turkey and Bulgaria, offers some people disorienting sensory experiences that are associated with complex power relations, which makes the service area a site for reflection on discrimination and gender roles. The paper closes with reflections on the sociality of such places, which is ephemeral but meaningful both there and at home.

Determining the zoning pattern of education facilities based on aspects of density and radius of settlements in Banda Aceh

Abstract The zoning system is a refinement of the rayonization system used in the admission of new students (Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru-PPDB). The government implemented this system to achieve equal distribution of access and quality of education nationally. However, the zoning system faces several obstacles that prevent it from running optimally. In Banda Aceh, the distribution of State-owned Senior High Schools (SMAN) is uneven across sub-districts, making the PPDB difficult to implement. This study examines the accessibility of settlements in Banda Aceh by analyzing the distribution of high school education facilities. The study uses the spatial analysis method (service area) to determine the accessibility of SMAN to settlements in Banda Aceh. The results show that at a distance of 1600 meters, 48.12% of all settlements were served, while for a 10-minute travel time, 24.87% of the total settlements were served. The data suggests that SMAN education facilities are not evenly distributed throughout residential areas in Banda Aceh. This is true for both the ideal distance of 1600 meters and the travel distance of under 10 minutes, with less than 50% coverage. To address this issue, new SMAN schools should be added to reduce the distance between schools and residences.

Re-design of homestay in Takengon city with contemporary Gayo concept

Abstract As tourism develops in the city of Takengon, it is considered profitable for lodging business owners, from star-rated accommodation to jasmine classes emerging in the city of Takengon, making competition very tight. One type of accommodation business that is currently competitive and has great potential to grow rapidly is homestay. With the existing land, the arrangement of the homestay building is still not optimal, where the activities and circulation of the owner still mingle with guests. Likewise, the standard of accommodation facilities still needs to be added to maximize services. Generally, homestays are located in residential areas or tourist villages because of their function as a medium of introduction to the surrounding culture. Homestay re-design aims to redesign the homestay building according to its function with a picture of the life of the gayo people living in it, it can also strengthen the quality of homestay in the future as a competitor in the lodging business competition. The contemporary architectural style was chosen due to its characteristics of being contemporary, flexible and related to the principles of gayo architecture. The research method was carried out with literature studies and field surveys. The field survey included observations, interviews and direct observations of the residents of the houses in the housing estate. Then designed new facilities for the homestay such as, special sleeping room, fire kitchen, restaurant, front office, service area, as well as site arrangement in the form of cotage and open space/ebalen. The design is carried out with the concept of applying the rules of gayo contemporary architecture, namely the application of the concept of natural harmony to the zoning of the site and the application of the concept of filigree in the figure of the building appearance.

Enhancing home delivery of emergency medicine and medical supplies through clustering and simulation techniques: A case study of COVID-19 home isolation in Bangkok

This study investigates the enhancement of the home delivery distribution network for COVID-19 Home Isolation (HI) kits during the Delta variant outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand. It addresses challenges related to limited resources and delays in delivering HI kits, which can exacerbate symptoms and increase mortality rates. A k-means clustering approach is utilized to optimize the assignment of service areas within the COVID-19 HI program, while discrete event simulation (DES) evaluates potential changes in the home delivery logistics network. Real-world data from the peak outbreak is used to determine the optimal allocation of resources and propose a new logistics network based on proximity to patients' residences. Experimental results demonstrate a significant 44.29 % improvement in overall performance and a substantial 40.80 % decrease in maximum service time. The findings offer theoretical and managerial implications for effective HI management, supporting practitioners and policymakers in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks.

Уточнение границ областей уверенного приема телевизионного сигнала в одночастотной сети DVB-T2

One of the ways to clarify the zones of a television signal’s confident reception in single-frequency networks (SFN) DVB-T2 deployed on previously existing infrastructure of analog signal’s television is considered. A simulation model of the SFN broadcasting consist of module of the propagation of radio waves, module of a transmitting station, module of a receiving station and a geoinformation system. It has been revealed that the DVB-T2 broadcasting modes, the effective antenna suspension heights and the effective radiated power of transmitters, which are used in DVB-T2 broadcasting, can lead not only to the appearance of areas of intra-character interference with reduced television signal quality inside the service area, but also to the effect of the so-called "intra-network amplification". The discrepancy between the used protective interval (PI) and the topology of the studied OSS has been established.

Exploring determinants of freeway service area usage in the context of sustainable and collaborated development for transport and tourism

Freeway service areas (FSA) provide a variety of services for road users, but these services in some cases do not guarantee the satisfaction of road users. Understanding the factors that affect the satisfaction of FSA is crucial for transportation and tourism-related departments. This paper uses a structural equation model (SEM) to examine the relationships between geographical location, routine function and satisfaction with FSA, in the context of six representative FSAs in Shaanxi province, China. The samples are divided into three clusters to investigate the sensitivity of tourists with different travel demands to the above relationship. In addition, the ordered logit model is used to verify the results of SEM and analyze the influencing factors of FSA satisfaction. Results indicate that increasing attraction levels of transport and tourism are considered to be the key determinants in improving the satisfaction with FSA, and policies and suggestions should meet tourists’ different demands. Undifferentiated policies, while useful to help improve satisfaction with FSA, may have a negative impact on some certain groups, such as those on an official business trip. This study provides theoretical and practical insights into how relevant departments and organizations with respect to transport and tourism formulate strategies for the construction and sustainable development of FSA.

A model of the improved NOMA algorithm based on representation and modulation.

For the successful implementation of mobile communication networks in the spectral range of 30-300 GHz, it is necessary to solve several problems related to terminal subscriber devices. And one of the main problems is to be blocked by small line-of-sight transmission objects. Ways to solve this problem are densification of cellular infrastructure in the terahertz range with the help of mobile mobile communication nodes, as well as the use of simultaneous connection of subscriber terminals to two or more cells at the same time [1; 2]. In this work, an improved NOMA algorithm based on relaying and modulation called M-СО-NOMA is proposed to solve this problem. Unlike the known ones, it differs in that, firstly, before broadcasting into the radio air in the first time slot, terminal devices are clustered in the service area of the base station of the mobile network using the algorithm for estimating the fractal dimension and, secondly, during the formation of the general transport signal for terminal devices of subscribers, the base station modulates the signals of remote users on the quadrature, and the signals of nearby users on the real component of the QPSK constellation. The proposed improved M-CO-NOMA algorithm eliminates the main drawbacks of NOMA by introducing orthogonality at the stage of signal preparation instead of including it in the spectrum. It is shown that the proposed improved algorithm is effective in terms of such indicators as the reduction of SER, computational complexity, and interference compared to the usual NOMA. In addition, the integrated solution based on M-NOMA and СО-NOMA made it possible to obtain new innovative opportunities for ensuring data transmission when blocking direct transmission in the terahertz frequency range due to auxiliary signal relaying between subscribers. Calculation of the information efficiency of the developed integrated solution showed that for systems with NOMA and M-СО-NOMA, this indicator is equal to 4.50 e-2 and 6.00 e-2, respectively. Thus, the calculated information efficiency value of the M-CO-NOMA system is 1.5 times greater than that of NOMA.

Generalized methodology of valuate using the satellite repeater connection for targeted purpose.

Providing electronic communication services to military formations that protect the state in the conditions of repelling a full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation, requires the creation of a communication system (SZ) of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine, which has the necessary properties to perform the assigned tasks as intended [1; 2]. According to the standard AJP-3 «Joint doctrine of the conduct of NATO operations» [3], increasing the combat capabilities of the combined forces and supporting operations (combat operations) is carried out, including through the use of satellite communications. The potential capabilities of satellite communication, such as broadcasting, high reliability and quality of communication channels, independence from distance, physical and geographical conditions, and high mobility, allow to ensure the communication of subscribers of the electronic communications system of the armed forces, which is a combat platform that allows the system management to receive network information services in real time. Modern satellite repeaters (SR) can have up to several dozen transponders of several frequency bands [4–6]. Satellite communication systems, which include several SRs, can provide high bandwidth of radio channels and the possibility of transmitting large volumes of information through them and allow solving the problem of creating global information and telecommunication systems and networks. The satellite communication system of the AF of Ukraine should be able to change the configuration for a specific service area depending on the needs of certain types of satellite networks, and therefore the satellite communication system of the AF of Ukraine should be based, including on SR communication of commercial appointment. The article proposes a generalized methodology for evaluating satellite communication relays of the SSR of the AF of Ukraine, the novelty of which is its general orientation for satellite communication systems built according to different architectural principles, using different frequency-orbital resources and providing different services using a methodological approach, which is based on the provisions of qualimetry and the calculation of integral and relative efficiency indicators, which takes into account the characteristic indicators of individual satellite repeaters.

Quality Measurement of Online Single Submission (Oss) Information System with Mc Call Method (Case Study of Plut Kumkm)

The NTB Province Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Cooperative Integrated Business Service Center (PLUT-KUMKM) under the West Nusa Tenggara Province Small and Medium Enterprise Cooperative Service, provides comprehensive assistance to KUMKM to increase production and competitiveness. With seven service areas, PLUT- KUMKM provides effective solutions for business actors. However, in issuing a Business Identification Number (NIB) via the OSS application. The thing is, like in the Business Licensing menu, there is a business development feature. Carrying out business development cannot be completed in one activity in one feature, users must return to the new application menu to continue the business development process and make updates. And user errors often occur such as entering information or not following the correct procedures when filling out forms. The licensing system seeks to be integrated electronically, aiming to cut bureaucracy and improve public services. This research measures the quality of the OSS system for issuing nibs based on the perceptions of 100 gardatransfumi assistants, using the McCall method . A comprehensive evaluation is carried out to identify weaknesses and necessary improvements. Measuring the quality of OSS systems using McCall's theory is important for understanding product quality attributes from the perspective of users and the software itself. The research results will provide in-depth insight into the condition of the website and recommendations for improvement. With the OSS system, the government is trying to make it easier to manage business legality. The NIB issued through OSS becomes the identity of business actors for import and export activities. Through quality measurements, systems, weaknesses and improvements to the NIB issuance process can be identified thereby ensuring better service for business actors.

Development of Automatic Object Detection and IoT for Garbage Pickup Assignment Problem

Waste management remains a challenge in certain cities, particularly in allocating fleets responsible for collecting garbage from temporary disposal sites. Inadequate planning can lead to the accumulation of substantial waste piles. This study aims to enhance truck assignment by considering truck capacity and the collection route. The assignment process incorporates the fundamental concept of the transportation problem, precisely the northwest corner method. The volume of waste transported aligns with the resident or industrial population within the designated service area. The waste generation capacity determines the future fleet and quantity, forming a crucial element of the ensuing distribution channel. A monitoring system integrating object detection and the Internet of Things (IoT) has been devised to ensure effective garbage collection. Cameras strategically positioned at temporary disposal sites transmit real-time images. The system evaluates garbage collection capacity through object detection facilitated by neural network training. The research outcomes demonstrate the system's capability to identify waste pile levels and validate the garbage pickup process by the designated fleet. Future research should focus on assignment and scheduling in waste transportation, enabling fleet allocation within specific timeframes. Additionally, an object detection algorithm refinement is necessary for more precise identification of waste pile locations.