Servant Leadership Questionnaire Research Articles

INDIVIDUAL WORK PERFORMANCE OF MILLENNIAL EMPLOYEES IN TERMS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP PERCEPTION

<p>This research investigates how servant leadership impacts the job performance of millennial staff members at UKRIDA Hospital directly. Additionally, it delves into the traits of servant leadership exhibited by leaders and evaluates the job performance of millennial employees at UKRIDA Hospital.<strong> </strong>A sample using purposive sampling technic from 174 millennial employees at UKRIDA Hospital was collected. Established measurement tools, including the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), were employed. The characteristics of the participants were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Servant leadership significantly and positively impacts the individual work performance of millennial employees in the hospital setting. Hospitals should cultivate an environment that embraces all facets of servant leadership to enhance the job performance of millennial employees.</p>

Investigating the relationship between servant leadership in schools and teachers’ job satisfaction: a case from the United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT Servant leadership in schools pertains to meeting teachers and staff’s social, professional, and academic needs, all through a reproductive and healthy approach to leadership. Previous studies on servant leadership supported the positive influence of servant leadership practices on employees’ job satisfaction in various educational and non-educational sectors. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between teachers’ perceived level of servant leadership practices of their school principals and the reported level of their job satisfaction within 2 campuses of one private school in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The participants included 81 teachers who responded to an online survey on Microsoft Teams, consisting of two integrated instruments namely Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) and Mohrman – Cooke – Mohrman job satisfaction survey (MCMJSS). Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The findings showed that schoolteachers are more satisfied with their job when working with school principals who possess servant leadership qualities, indicating a positive correlation between perceived servant leadership and employee job satisfaction. Implications and recommendations for school leadership practices that enhance teacher retention in UAE schools are offered.

Servant-Leadership and the Christian Non-Profit Senior Leader: A Study on How Servant-Leadership Influences Growth

This study aimed to identify the relationship between senior leaders of Christian non-profit organizations that exhibit servant-leadership and the organizational growth of Christian non-profit organizations. This study focused on the servant-leadership style within Christian non-profit organizations, and the servant-leadership qualities are measured using the Servant-Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ). This quantitative study examined the relationship between senior leaders' servant-leadership and Christian non-profit organizations' growth. The study provides data from Christian non-profit organizations on their organizational growth in the categories of numerical growth, mentorship, and service opportunities in the last three years.

The effect of servant leadership on Greek public secondary schools acting as learning organizations

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the effect of servant leadership on Greek public secondary schools operating as learning organizations. Over 192 public school principals completed both the servant leadership questionnaire (SLQ) and the dimensions of learning organization questionnaire (DLOG). A quantitative survey was conducted all over the country. From a practical standpoint, servant leadership seems not to be impractical as it is exercised to a moderate degree. Schools act as learning organizations to a moderate to strong degree. The results of the multilevel analysis emphasize the importance of empowerment, emotional healing and creating value for the community as major predictors of establishing a school-based organizational learning culture. Furthermore, employment status, teacher qualifications and school size have a significant impact on the perceived learning organization culture. Findings are expected to encourage managers to embrace and adopt the doctrine of servant leadership as a whole to improve long-term performance.

Effect of Servant Leadership Style on Teachers Job Satisfaction

Servant leadership is one of the most important forms of leadership and some authors and experts even consider servant leaders to be among the best leaders. The purpose of this quantitative research study is to examine the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ servant leadership style and teacher job satisfaction. The target population of the study was teachers. There are eight public schools in this district; all are similar with respect to the school buildings, curricula, number of teachers and students, and their socioeconomic status. Two separate survey instruments were used for this study: Liden et al.’s (2008) Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), which is a validated survey instrument that identifies seven dimensions of servant leadership characteristics. Mohrman et al.’s (1977) Mohrman–Cooke–Mohrman job satisfaction survey (MCMJSS) also was administered to measure the teachers’ job satisfaction. The data was formatted using Qualtrics survey software and all data were analyzed in SPSS v. 24. The results from the data analysis indicated that teachers do perceive their school leaders’ behavior reflects servant leadership characteristics and also showed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ servant leadership and their job satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate that the positive correlation between servant leadership and job satisfaction. This field of research can continue to examine if this relationship exists as an embedded part of specific cultures or if it is inherently true that those who lead through service contribute to a greater sense of job satisfaction despite any differences in job category, pay scales, or cultural differences. Moreover, the results were consistent with the theoretical framework with respect to servant leadership theory and job satisfaction, and with the results of previous research.

Vigorous Activity Usage of Self-Identified Leaders: A Descriptive Quantitative Analysis

The aim of the study was to conduct original research to better understand the relationship between participation in vigorous physical activity and the frequency in use of five servant leadership characteristics. The relationship between vigorous physical activity participation and self-reported servant leadership characteristics was evaluated in 162 women and men with a median age of 36 ± 9 years. Participants’ self-reported vigorous physical activity participation was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and self-reported servant leadership characteristics were evaluated using the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ). Vigorous physical activity participation was not statistically related to self-reported servant leadership characteristics. Participants in this study on average participated in approximately 43 minutes of vigorous physical activity each day of the week. These participants had much higher vigorous physical activity participation rates than the national average. Participants’ perception of their servant leadership characteristics was also high. Findings suggest that the exclusive use of servant leadership philosophy to promote vigorous physical activity participation is not needed, leaving open the possibility that any type of leadership approach could be used to promote physical activity participation.

The Relationship of Servant Leadership in the Classroom and Student Perceptions of University Quality of Instruction

In this study, we examined students' perceptions of certain servant leader behaviors exhibited by faculty and the associated perception of effective university instruction. Five servant leadership dimensions were considered: altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship. Students in the United States who were in undergraduate or graduate programs or had completed a program within the last month were invited to complete the survey instrument based on the Servant Leadership Questionnaire developed by Barbuto and Wheeler [1] and the University of Winnipeg’s Quality of University Instruction Questionnaire (UW-QUIQ) developed by Clark [4]. We used a structural equation model and found there was a positive relationship with professors exhibiting servant leadership dimensions and quality of instruction. Business professors in this study exhibited lower servant-leadership attributes in some areas and lower levels of effective university instruction than their counterparts, mandating the need for change. We suggest that these results provide insight into improving business school instruction.

Use of instruments to evaluate leadership in nursing and health services.

To identify the available scientific evidence about the use of instruments for the evaluation of leadership in health and nursing services and verify the use of leadership styles/models/theories in the construction of these tools. Integrative literature review of indexed studies in the LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL and EMBASE databases from 2006 to 2016. Thirty-eight articles were analyzed, exhibiting 19 leadership evaluation tools; the most used were the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, the Global Transformational Leadership Scale, the Leadership Practices Inventory, the Servant Leadership Questionnaire, the Servant Leadership Survey and the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. The literature search allowed to identify the main theories/styles/models of contemporary leadership and analyze their use in the design of leadership evaluation tools, with the transformational, situational, servant and authentic leadership categories standing out as the most prominent. To a lesser extent, the quantum, charismatic and clinical leadership types were evidenced.

The Relationship between Instructor Servant Leadership Behaviors and Satisfaction With Instructors in an Online Setting

Servant leadership has the potential to improve student satisfaction with online learning. However, the relationship between servant leadership and student satisfaction in an online environment had not yet been understood at the level of the individual instructor. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to evaluate the relationship between online students’ perception of their instructor’s servant leadership style and the student’s satisfaction with the online instructor. We selected 155 online students at a major community college in the south-central United States to complete the Servant Leadership Questionnaire and the Student Evaluation of Teaching survey online. We examined the relationships between each of the five facets of perceived servant leadership style (altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship) and student satisfaction. The results of the Spearman’s correlations showed a strong positive correlation between all servant leadership behaviors and student satisfaction, p < .001. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the combination of altruistic calling, persuasive mapping, and wisdom strongly predicted student satisfaction with the instructor, F(3, 151) = 83.8, p < .001, R2= .63. The results of this study have filled a gap in the literature on the relationship between online student satisfaction and individual servant leadership behaviors. We recommend future research to investigate servant leadership in relationship to online learning at 4-year public, for-profit, and private institutions.

Multilevel structural equation modeling analysis of the servant leadership construct and its relation to job satisfaction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the statistical issues associated with the hierarchically structured data in previous studies that focused on servant leadership. To resolve these issues, multilevel modeling methods were applied to re-visit the construct validity of the servant leadership questionnaire developed by Barbuto and Wheeler (2006) and investigate the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction under a multilevel framework. Design/methodology/approach The survey data was obtained from a sample of 2,089 teachers from 117 primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong. The analyses were conducted using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MLCFA) and multilevel structural equation modeling (MLSEM). Findings The results revealed the significant and non-trivial variances that were explained at the organization level in the items measuring servant leadership, which justified the use of MLCFA and MLSEM. The results of MLCFA provided empirical support for the multidimensional construct as well as the second-order factorial structure of servant leadership measures at both the individual and organization levels. In addition, the positive relationships between servant leadership and the followers’ job satisfaction were found to vary at different levels. Originality/value This study reiterates the importance of using appropriate methods to capture a solid definition of the construct of servant leadership and provides new insights into the conceptual framework of servant leadership as well as the effects of servant leadership on individual and organizational outcomes.

Self-Percieved Traits of Servant Leadership in AmeriCorps Volunteers: A Mixed-Method Concurrent Explanatory Study

<p>Although the tenets of modern servant leadership originated by Greenleaf (1970) have long been applied to service enterprise, no known research has applied the principles to the self-perception of AmeriCorps volunteers who commit to one year of service. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to determine whether volunteers who commit to one year of national service identify with characteristics and behaviors of modern servant leadership in order to operationalize the volunteer leadership experience for both the volunteer and the sponsoring agency, and to provide volunteers with personal awareness of their experiences. The quantitative portion of the study employed the results of 51 self/leader reports of Barbuto and Wheeler’s (2006) Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) to discover that some significance existed between their original study and this study. The qualitative portion involved gathering information from 10 semi-structured, individual interviews. Analysis revealed two major themes: personal awareness responses and direct action responses. These themes supported favorable responses to the research questions. Empirical and narrative responses allow directors and leaders of AmeriCorps and long-term service programs to consider alternatives by which to discern incoming applications, reinforce candidate self-awareness, and provide a foundation for future research.</p>

Measurement invariance of the Servant Leadership Questionnaire across K-12 principal gender

Measurement invariance of the five-factor Servant Leadership Questionnaire between female and male K-12 principals was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. A sample of 956 principals (56.9% were females and 43.1% were males) was analysed in this study. The hierarchical multi-step measurement invariance test supported the measurement invariance of the five-factor model across gender. Latent factor means were compared between females and males when measurement invariance was established. Results showed that females were significantly higher than males on emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping and organisational stewardship, and they were not statistically different on altruistic calling.

Antecedents of Servant Leadership

This mixed methods study explored the antecedents of servant leadership. The sequential explanatory research design consisted of two distinct phases: quantitative followed by qualitative. The Phase 1 quantitative survey collected data from 499 leaders from community leadership programs and 630 raters using the Servant Leadership Questionnaire. During Phase 2, 12 selected leaders from Phase 1 were interviewed to explain the Phase 1 results in more depth. Four key findings emerged from the data: (a) the longer a leader is in a leadership role, the more frequent the servant leader behaviors; (b) leaders who volunteer at least 1 hour per week demonstrate higher servant leader behaviors; (c) servant leaders influence others through building trusting relationships; and (d) servant leaders demonstrate an altruistic mindset.

A confirmatory factor analytical study of a servant leadership measure in South Africa

Orientation: Servant leadership is a value-based leadership practice that plays a critical role in team effectiveness and organisational success.Research purpose: The goal of the study was to validate the Servant Leadership Questionnaire(SLQ), which Barbuto and Wheeler developed, on a South African sample.Motivation for the study: The literature is replete with evidence of the role of follower focused leadership practices in improving team effectiveness, employee engagement and organisational success. We need to complement these efforts with psychometrically sound measuring instruments.Research design, approach and method: The authors drew a convenience sample of 288 school teachers from schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. They used the SLQ that Barbuto and Wheeler developed to measure servant leadership.Main findings: The authors found high levels of reliability for the sub-scales of the latent variables. They found good fit with the data for the measurement model of the five latent servant leadership dimensions (altruistic calling, persuasive mapping, emotional healing, wisdom and organisational stewardship) through confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). They obtained reasonable fit for the first- and second-order servant leadership CFA. The authors concluded that the SLQ shows reasonable fit.Practical/managerial implications: The SLQ showed evidence of reliability and construct validity. It can contribute to the scientific selection and development of education leaders in South African schools.Contribution/value add: Servant leadership incorporates a service ethic that fosters participatory management, teacher development and team building. The department of education should increase team effectiveness in schools by selecting and developing servant leadership.

Advising as Servant Leadership: Investigating the Relationship

Advisors serve in many, often overlooked, roles. We investigated the supposition that McClellan (2007a) espoused between academic advising and servant leadership. Our hypotheses, that measures of servant leadership and developmental advising are correlated and that wisdom is the best predictor of developmental advising behaviors, were supported. We used Winston and Sandor's (1984) Academic Advising Inventory and Barbuto and Wheeler's (2006) Servant Leadership Questionnaire to examine the relationship. Our sample consisted of 223 undergraduates at a midsized university in the southeastern United States. Implications for practice include enhancing advisor training and development.

Examining Gender Differences of Servant Leadership: An Analysis of the Agentic and Communal Properties of the Servant Leadership Questionnaire

This study examined the use of five servant leadership dimensions including altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship by male and female servant leaders. Staff members (368) employed in county government offices across a Midwestern state were sampled using the Servant Leadership Questionnaire and a series of demographic questions. Results indicated males and females equally and effectively utilized both communal and agentic servant leadership dimensions. These findings contest prevailing gender role stereotypes in leadership.

Servant and sustainable leadership: an analysis in the manufacturing environment

Servant and sustainable leadership have emerged as important topics in light of the current economic turmoil. This research examined the levels of servant and sustainable leadership as perceived by all employees of selected manufacturing organisations and examined the relationship between servant leadership and sustainable leadership in a combined survey instrument. The study included four manufacturing companies in the USA. A Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) revealed that employees perceived their leaders to utilise the dimensions of servant leadership at levels similar to the seminal research of Barbuto and Wheeler (2006). The second part of the study examined sustainable leadership using the Sustainability Leadership Questionnaire created by the authors. Sustainable leadership dimensions were identified and a baseline was established for future research. The relationship between servant and sustainable leadership was examined using the correlations that compared each question within the instrument.

Attitudes towards collaboration and servant leadership among nurses, physicians and residents

A descriptive, comparative study was conducted to examine the attitudes of nurses, physicians and residents towards collaboration and to assess their self-perception of servant leadership characteristics. The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration and the Barbuto-Wheeler Servant Leadership Questionnaire were utilized for data collection. Registered nurses (RNs) (n = 2,660), physicians (n = 447) and residents (n = 171) in a Southeastern United States health system were surveyed via the intranet; there were 497 responses for analysis. The response rate should be considered and generalizations made with caution regarding the study results. RN scores were higher for both total scores and subscales as compared to physician/resident groups for collaboration and servant leadership. There was a weak positive correlation between collaboration and servant leadership in the RN group and no significant correlation between the variables in the physician/resident group. Findings from this study have implications for nursing and physician education and practice and may serve as a framework for future studies. Representative samples are needed to gain further insight and to guide future research.