Serum Vit Research Articles

Primer Dismenorede D Vitaminin Rolü

Primary dysmenorrhea is uterine cramping that occurs during or before menstruation without pelvic disease and causes suprapubic pain. In researching the causes of dysmenorrhea, several studies have highlighted the role of lacking vitamin D (vit D). Vit D acts by suppressing the synthesis of prostaglandins that cause pain. Our study aims to investigate whether vit D level affects primary dysmenorrhea. For this purpose, vit D 3 level will be studied in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and a control group without dysmenorrhea. This retrospective, randomized, case-controlled study was conducted between January 2020 and August 2021 at two different centers. It was approved by the ethics committee. Information was obtained by interviewing eligible subjects for the study, and informed consent was obtained. 750 women presented to the gynecology departments of the participating centers involved in the study. Ages between 16-35 are included in the study. Under 18 patients were referred from pediatric clinics with similar symptoms. 325 women were assigned to the dysmenorrhea group. All patients had a regular menstrual cycle and pain that began the day before menstruation. 325 patients unrelated to dysmenorrhea were selected randomly as a control group. The participants in our study were randomly selected into the dysmenorrhea group and the control group, and their clinical characteristics were compared in Tables 1 and 2. Significance was remarkable comparing the dysmenorrhea patients with the healthy control groups. That dysmenorrhea patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency had significantly less consumption of dairy products. VAS values were higher, and undereducation and unemployment were also significantly more common. Low serum vit D levels and dysmenorrhea are strongly related. It is obvious that there is a significant relationship between vit D levels, VAS score, and primary dysmenorrhea. More studies at larger scales are needed to underline the efficiency of vit D in primary dysmenorrhea.

Vitamin D, Cholesterol, and DXA Value Relationship with Bimaxillary Cone Beam CT Values.

We evaluated the correlation that Vitamin D (Vit D), cholesterol levels, and T- and Z-scores of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans have with cone beam computed tomography values assessed in the anterior and posterior regions of maxillary and mandibular jaws. In total, 187 patients were recruited for this clinical study. Patients' ages ranged between 45 and 65 years. Patients with valid DXA results, serum Vit D and cholesterol levels, and no evidence of bone disorders in the maxilla or mandibular region were included in the study and grouped in the control (non-osteoporosis) and case (osteoporosis) groups. Patients with a history of medical or dental disease that might complicate the dental implant therapy, chronic alcohol users, and patients who took calcium or Vit D supplements were excluded. The outcome variables assessed in the investigation were Vit D, cholesterol, Z-values, and cone beam computed tomography values. Regarding the case group, a significant (p < 0.05) inverse relationship was observed between Vit D and cholesterol. Although insignificant (p > 0.05), a positive relationship was found between Vit D and the cone beam computed tomography values in all regions of the jaws, except the mandibular posterior region (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was carried out. Vit D and cholesterol showed a statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) negative association with the cone beam computed tomography values in all regions of the jaws. However, the Z-values were highly correlated with the cone beam computed tomography values in all regions of the jaws (r > 7, p < 0.05). Vit D, cholesterol levels, and Z-values in women and men from young adulthood to middle age (45-65) were related with the cone beam computed tomography values of the jaws.

Vitamin D levels have a potential role in predicting the disease severity in COVID-19 positive pediatric patients

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Objective&lt;/strong&gt;: The contagious and invasive nature has made coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) a critical health issue for the community. The lower respiratory tract is the major site of inflammation seen in COVID-19-positive individuals. Vitamin D (Vit D) has been proposed to have a positive role in immunomodulation, hence, this study aimed to determine the association between Vit D levels and the severity of COVID-19 in infected pediatric patients presenting at a secondary healthcare hospital in Pakistan.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 100 pediatric patients of the age range 1-18 years from March to December 2021. These patients were hospitalized and diagnosed with coronavirus disease with confirmed results on a real‐time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples of the patients were taken to monitor the baseline levels of markers of acute infection and Vit D levels. Patients with serum Vit D levels &amp;le; 20ng/ml were labeled with deficiency, those with levels 21-29ng/ml were presumed to have Vit D insufficiency whereas levels &amp;ge;30 ng/ml were considered normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; There were 57 (57%) males and 43 (43%) female pediatric patients. The mean age of the patients was 10.46 &amp;plusmn; 4.25 years (1-18 years). The deficient Vit D level group had a greater frequency of pyrexia, weakness, cough, anosmia, headache, myalgia, and diarrhea. The levels of Vit D and severity of the disease were significantly associated (p-value = 0.027).&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Pediatric patients with COVID-19 having optimum levels of Vit D were less likely to develop complications associated with the severity of the disease.&lt;/p&gt;

Serum Vitamin D Concentration Is Lower in Patients with Tinnitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Tinnitus is a highly prevalent and frequently disabling condition, such that the identification of possible causal mechanisms would yield significant clinical and social benefits. Since vitamin D (Vit D) is involved in the pathogenesis of several ear disturbances, we review here the current scientific literature addressing the relationship between Vit D status and tinnitus. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with the keywords "tinnitus" and "Vitamin D" or "Vit D" or "25OH-D" or "cholecalciferol" or "ergocalciferol" or "hydroxycholecalciferol", without date (i.e., up to 8 February 2023) or language restrictions, in accordance with a protocol based on the transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist, for identifying studies which assayed serum Vit D concentration in patients with or without tinnitus. Three observational, case-control studies encompassing four cohorts and totaling 468 patients with (n = 268) or without tinnitus (n = 200) were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis with quality effects models evidenced significantly reduced serum Vit D levels in patients with tinnitus compared to those without (weighted mean difference [WMD], -6.2 ng/mL; 95% CI, -10.3 to -2.1 ng/mL; I2, 56%). Serum Vit D was found to be 22% lower in patients with tinnitus compared to those without. Lower serum Vit D levels may be associated with tinnitus, thus paving the way to plan future trials aimed at exploring whether Vit D supplementation may aid in preventing and/or improving tinnitus.

A consortium of detoxifying bacteria mitigates the aflatoxin B1 toxicosis on performance, health, and blood constituents of laying hens

Detoxification approaches are evolving from physical to biological to eliminate the toxins altogether. The current study was conducted to compare the impact of 2 newly developed toxin deactivators, Magnotox-alphaA (MTA) and Magnotox-alphaB (MTB) with a commercially available toxin binder, Mycofix PlusMTV INSIDE (MF) in alleviating the pernicious effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in laying hens. The treatments were: 1) negative control (NC; without AFB1), 2) positive control (PC; contaminated with 500 ppb AFB1), 3) MF (PC+2 kg MF/ton feed), 4) MTA (PC+2 kg MTA/ton feed), and 5) MTB (PC+2 kg MTB/ton feed). Detoxifying bacteria revealed a substantial reduction of different toxins in vitro, in which 98.8, 94.5, and 73.3% degradation rates were achieved, respectively, for zearalenone (ZEN), patulin, and AFB1 in the first 1 h of exposure. The PC group had a sharp decline in egg production (EP; 68.83%) while MTB showed the superior EP (95.74%) followed by NC (90.66%), MF (86.57%), and MTA (82.08%; P ≤ 0.05). Egg weight (EW) was also observed to be inferior in PC group (53.80 g; P ≤ 0.05). Egg mass (EM) was higher in MTB (57.55 g) and NC (54.33 g) groups while PC produced the lowest (39.64 g; P ≤ 0.05). MTB and NC groups also demonstrated the best FCR, 1.62 and 1.68, respectively, and PC manifested the poorest FCR (1.98) with higher ADFI (P ≤ 0.05). MTB also produced a superior moisture content (MC; 82.11%) with inferior DM (17.89%) in ileum content (P ≤ 0.05). The greatest liver fat content was found in MF group (48.19%) and MTA yielded the superior serum β-carotene and Vit A. MDA level in yolk samples was influenced by treatments, rendering the highest level in PC group (P ≤ 0.05). Ileum microbiota and blood characteristics were also affected by treatments. In general, MTB proves to be a toxin-deactivator candidate with comparable results to that of commercially available toxin-binders.

Adolesanlarda B12 eksikliği ve Helikobakter Pylori Sıklığı

Abstract:&#x0D; Aim: Low intake of Vitamin B12 (vit B 12) with malabsorptions are the most critical factors causing the deficiency. Vit B 12 deficiency has also been associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) gastritis in previous studies. This study's main goal is to find a similar relation with recent studies or an opposite conclusion. For this purpose we choose the most suitable group; patients with the same two diseases HP gastritis and vit B 12 deficiency.&#x0D; Patients and methods: The whole study was conducted retrospectively. İn the study we included 19 patients (mean age: 15.6 ± 1.3 years ). The B12 levels of patients undergoing upper gastroscopy for any reason were studied. We tried to figure out whether B12 deficiency and HP positivity were statistically significant. The Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method has been used for serum vit B12 level measurement. &#x0D; Results: There are 15 (62.5%) patients with neurological symptoms and 6 (25.0%) patients with fatigue and weakness. Only 3 (12.5 %) patients have no symptoms. There was no statistical significance between these groups (p=0.224). There are 18 (75%) patients with HP positivity. HP positive and negative patients have levels of B12 108.6 ± 31.1 pg/mL and 113.5 ± 41.2 pg/mL respectively (p=973).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: There were no statistical significance with vitamin B 12 levels in HP-positive patients and HP-negative patients. İt sure be beneficial to use a bigger aspect patients group to have better results between HP infection and vitamin B 12 deficiency relation.

Assessment of serum Vit A, D and zinc nutritional status and related dietary and exercise behaviors of children and adolescents in rural and urban area.

Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents has a negative impact on their growth and development. This study aimed to learn the nutritional status of vitamin A and D among rural children and adolescents and to explore related dietary and exercise behaviors. A total of 10 counties (cities, districts) from 90 counties (cities, districts) in Zhejiang Province were selected by the method of random cluster sampling. Children and adolescents were investigated and their food and nutrient intake were calculated. The concentration of serum vitamin A in urban area was 0.38 ng/ml, which was higher than that in rural area (p < 0.05); while the concentration of serum vitamin D in urban area was 21.25 mg/L, which was lower than that in rural area (p < 0.05). The concentration of serum zinc was 101 μg/dl in urban area and 107 μg/dl in rural area (p < 0.05). The intake of dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin C was lower than the recommended value. In rural area, the intakes of cereals, tubers and beans, livestock, poultry and meat of children and adolescents were higher than the recommended values; while the intake of vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, fish and shrimp, soybean and nuts was lower than the recommended value. The intake of edible oil and salt is higher than the recommended value. The time of medium and high intensity exercise time in rural area is more than that in urban area in the age group of 12-17 years, while the sitting time is less than that in urban area. Children and adolescents living in rural area should be guided to eat reasonably, and to choose foods with high nutrient density and with low oil, salt and sugar.

Comparison of serum vitamin D levels between healthy and ADHD children.

The most common psychiatric disorder in childhood is Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers have studied the effects of micronutrients on ADHD in recent years, but vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has received less attention. In this study, serum vit D levels were compared between healthy and ADHD children. This case-control study was carried out, in 2020, on 6-to-12-years-old children. There were 45 children with ADHD in the case group and 45 healthy children in the control group. Intravenous blood samples were taken from each child to measure serum vitamin D levels. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Mean serum vit D levels in children with ADHD (17.34±8.37 ng / ml) were significantly lower than those in the control group (23.02±10.97 ng / ml) (P= 0.007). There were no significant differences in mean serum levels of vit D due to ADHD subtypes. Mean serum vit D levels were not significantly associated with the gender of children with ADHD. There was an inverse correlation between vit D levels and the severity of ADHD, but it was not statistically significant. The present study showed that children with ADHD had significantly lower serum vit D levels than healthy controls.

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CHANGES IN HYPERTROPHIC GEOMETRIC MODELS OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND CLINICAL, ANTHROPOMETRIC, METABOLIC-HORMONAL PARAMETERS, AND MINERAL METABOLISM INDICATORS

Objective: to analyze the correlation between the changes in hypertrophic geometric patterns of the left ventricle and the changes in metabolic-hormonal parameters and indicators of mineral metabolism depending on the allelic state of the AGT (rs4762) and GNB3 genes in patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Material and methods. The case-control study involved 100 patients with EAH stage II, 1–3 degrees of blood pressure (BP) elevation, high and very high cardiovascular risk. Among the patients, there were 21% (21) men and 79% (79) women. The mean age of patients was 59.86 ± 6.22y.o. The control group consisted of 60 apparently healthy individuals, matched on age (49.13 ± 6.28y.o.) and gender distribution (63% women, 37% men). The lipid panel parameters were measured in blood plasma, including TC (total cholesterol), ТG (triglycerides), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). All subjects were tested for serum levels of fasting glucose, ionized calcium, parathyroid (PTH) hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit D). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and LVH models were examined by echocardiography. Clinical and anthropometric examination methods were used in the study. Results. Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (ELVH) in patients with EAH was associated with higher blood pressure than concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (CLVH): systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were higher by 3.29% and 3.95%, respectively (р ≤ 0.05–0.04). ELHV was associated with higher body mass index and waist circumference (WC) in women – by 7.80% and 7.40% (р ≤ 0.05–0.048), respectively. In addition, the ELVH development was characterized by a lower level of ionized Ca2+ in the blood vs. CLVH (by 2.54%, р = 0.021), while the concentration of PTH in a compensatory manner was higher by 23.86% (р = 0.047), which indicated the calcium homeostasis intensity in EAH patients. The lipids, glucose serum concentration and Vit D level were not associated with any hypertrophic model of myocardium. Conclusions. Lipid profile, blood glucose, and Vit D concentration did not determine the development of any type of the LVH. ELVH was associated with a lower level of Ca2+ and consequently an elevated level of PTH. The formation of ELVH in patients with EAH was accompanied by a higher level of blood pressure and was also associated with higher BMI and WC.

Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels in Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases. It is characterized by recurrent painful attacks. Its etiology is unknown. Vitamin D (vit D) is a steroid vitamin with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. It is thought that oral cavity diseases may occur in vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate vit D levels in pediatric patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In this retrospective study, 86 children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 71 age-matched healthy children were included in the study. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels examined with the enzyme immune assay were recorded for both groups. Serum vit D level was 12±4.5 ng/ml in the group with aphthous stomatitis and 31±7 ng/ml in the healthy group. A statistically significant difference was found in vit D levels between the two groups (p<0.001). Vit D levels were significantly low in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Our findings suggestthat low vit D levels may be associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

A Study of Plasma Homocysteine Level in Children with Autism

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that appears in early life. B6 and B12, and folate support homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. Hence, any defect to them leads to Hcy accumulation in the body. Hcy, vitamins B12, B6 and folate are important in psychiatric disorders such dementia, schizophrenia, and autism. This study intended to compare the plasma Hcy levels in normal and autistic cases to find out whether there is difference between the levels of Hcy in plasma of autistic and normal children.&#x0D; Methods: This case control study enrolled 60 children who were allocated in two groups 30 with autism and other 30 as controls. All patients were exposed to full history taking, physical examination, mental status examination, hearing test, routine lab investigations and specific lab investigations (serum folic acid, plasma vitamin B12 and Hcy level).&#x0D; Results: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) level among autistic children was 49.400 ± 5.840. The mean plasma Hcy level was considerably higher in children with autism than controls (P value&lt; 0. 01). The mean serum folic acid level and vit B12 level was significantly reduced in autistic cases than controls (P value&lt; 0. 01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between plasma Hcy level (µmol/L) and CARS level in children with autism (P value&lt; 0. 01).&#x0D; Conclusions: Children with autism have increased levels of Hcy, and decreased levels of folic acid and vit B12. So, Hcy may be used as a clinical biomarker for early diagnosis and managing of autistic children.

Study to assess Vitamin D deficiency and its association with sepsis in tertiary care centre

Introduction : Sepsis is a life threatening organ dysfunction generated due to the dysregulation of the immune response to infection. A high mortality rate in sepsis is the result of multiple organ failure which often follows sepsis. Recent studies have shown the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and severe infections and sepsis&#x0D; Aim and objective : To evaluate the correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and outcome of sepsis patients presenting to ED.&#x0D; Methodology : This cross sectional study was performed in the Saraswathi institute of medical sciences, Hapur from October 2021 to March 2022. For all the eligible patients, blood sample was drawn for measuring serum level of vitamin D and finally the correlation between the level of this vitamin and the studied outcomes was evaluated.&#x0D; Result : The mean vit d level of the study subjects who get cured were 23.09±11.20, whereas those patients who died had vit d level 16.12±10.60, on comparing there is significant association of vit d level with outcome of study subjects, with p value 0.02. On assessing vit D level with TLC of study subjects, on applying regression analysis we found no correlation between vitd level and TLC value of the study subjects with R square 0.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion : On the basis of our study we can conclude that There is significant association of serum vit d level with outcome of sepsis in the study subjects. On comparing there is significant association of vit d level with outcome of study subjects, with p value 0.02, CRP increases generally in infections, it was associated with vit D level, however association was statistically non-significant.

Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Development of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Pediatric COVID-19

Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate vitamin D (vit D) levels in children with and without development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and also between those with severe and moderate MIS-C. Methods This comprises retrospective data of 68 patients including 34 patients with MIS-C and admitted into the pediatric intensive care unit (MIS-C group) and 34 patients without MIS-C (non-MIS-C group) were analyzed for their presenting characteristics, serum vit D levels, ventilatory needs, and prognostic scores. Results Vit D levels were significantly lower in patients with versus without MIS-C [9 (2–18) vs. 19 (10–43) ng/mL, p &lt;0.001], and also in patients with severe versus moderate MIS-C [7.5 (2–17) vs. 9 (5–18) ng/mL, p = 0.024]. Vit D deficiency (levels &lt;12 ng/mL) was more common in the MIS-C versus non-MIS-C group (79.4 vs. 11.8%, p &lt;0.001) and in severe versus moderate MIS-C (92.9 vs. 70.0%, p &lt;0.001). The severe versus moderate MIS-C was associated with significantly higher levels of procalcitonin [7.6 (0.9–82) vs. 1.7 (0.2–42) ng/mL, p = 0.030] and troponin [211 (4.8–4,545) vs. 14.2 (2.4–3,065) ng/L, p = 0.008] and higher likelihood of reduced ejection fraction (75.0 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.004). Conclusion Our findings indicate the higher prevalence of vit D deficiency in pediatric COVID-19 patients with versus without MIS-C, as well as in those with severe versus moderate MIS-C. Higher troponin and procalcitonin levels and dyspnea at presentation seem also to be risk factors for severe MIS-C, more pronounced cardiac dysfunction, and poorer prognosis.

Serum Vitamin D Among Patients withType 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Vitamin D supplements are a beneficial health issue to benefit from insulin therapy. In those with T2DM, serum vit-D was checked and resuscitated. Serum vit-D was evaluated with its rich content. Serum vit D levels were statistically significantly lower in T2DM patients than in the control group. It was found to be significant in terms of the relationship between fasting blood sugar and vit-D and HbA1C. Vit-D in sugar will be used as a benefit from vit-D in patients with blood T2DM patients. The mean±SD vit-D level was 19.22±9.23 for the whole population with a fasting blood glucose level of 110 mg/dl or less, and 12.21±6.15 for people with a fasting blood glucose level above 130 mg/dl, and p&amp;lt;0.001. The relationship between vit-D level and fasting blood sugar is statistically significant with negative pearson correlation coefficient. Vit-D mean±SD 20.46±8.56 for the entire population with an HbA1C level equal to or lower than 6.5%, and 12.84±6% for individuals with a fasting blood glucose level above 6.5%, is 26 and p&amp;lt;0.001. The strong relationship between vit-D and fasting blood glucose and HbA1C is due to the fact that vit-D tends to specifically stimulate insulin production in β-pancreatic cells via the nuclear vit-D receptor (VDR) and that vit-D minimizes inflammation. Vit-D supplements are a beneficial health challenge to benefit from insulin therapy. Serum vit-D was checked in patients with T2DM. The serum has been evaluated with its rich content of vit-D. Serum vit-D levels were statistically significantly lower in T2DM patients compared to the control group. It was found to be significant in terms of the relationship between fasting blood sugar and vit-D and HbA1C. Vit-D in sugar will be used as a benefit from vit-D in blood T2DM patients.Keywords: Vitamin D, Serum, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Human.

A Study on Distribution and Association of CD320, a Receptor for Active Vitamin B12, in Pregnant Mothers and their Newborns Cord Blood

Objective: Our objective was to study the levels and relation between CD320 receptors in anaemic mothers in their last trimester of pregnancy and their newborns after birth. Methods: Association between CD320, VitB12, active B12 levels in mothers with anaemia were analysed before they underwent labor and in blood collected from their newborns after labor. Regression analysis was performed in order to assess the relation between the mothers and their neonatal vitamin CD320 levels in relation to their Vit B12 status. Results: Among the 200 pregnant mothers recruited, 59% were anaemic. CD320 levels were significantly higher in anaemic mothers (414.09 ±10.75 pg/ml) when compared with cord blood (372.25 ± 7.81 pg/ml). CD320 levels were higher in both mother and cord blood with Vit B12 deficiency, however, were lower in mothers with active B12 deficiency. CD320 levels in cord blood were positively associated with haemoglobin (r value 0.8, p value 0.42) of mothers and negatively with serum folate (r value -0.15; p value 0.23), Vit B12(r value -0.21; p value0.28) and active Vit B12 levels (r value -0.25; p value0.03) in mothers. Conclusion: CD320 levels in cord blood positively correlated with haemoglobin of mothers and negatively with folic acid and B12 status. A negative trend (p=0.0024) was observed between maternal and neonatal CD320 levels.

Follicular fluid 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels determine fertility outcome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectiveTo determine the possible relationship between follicular fluid 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and fertility outcome of women who underwent IVF/ICSI with the diagnosis of lean polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and methodsThirty patients who were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and decided on IVF/ICSI were included in the study. Thirty patients who were scheduled for IVF/ICSI for reasons other than PCOS and matched in terms of age and BMI were taken as the control group (non-PCOS). According to BMI values, patients in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups were lean. Women in both groups were aged 21–35 years with a normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and first IVF/ICSI attempt. Both groups of patients were followed up using the antagonist protocol. Vit D levels were measured in serum and follicular fluid (FF) samples taken on the day of oocyte collection. The correlation between FF vit D levels, the number of total oocytes, MII oocytes and 2 PN zygotes, HOMA-IR, hormonal and demographic parameters, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and miscarriage rate were evaluated. ResultsAt the time of oocyte retrieval women with PCOS had similar serum Vitamin D compared to non-PCOS women (21.8 (12.6–24.8) ng/ml vs 22.3 (11.5–25.1) ng/ml, p < 0.54). In FF, assessed on the day of oocyte retrieval, the concentration of Vitamin D was similar in women with PCOS when compared to non-PCOS women (11.2 (9.2–14.4) ng/ml vs 13.3 (11.1–17.4) ng/ml, p < 0.06). For both groups, Vitamin D levels were lower in FF compared to serum vit D. A positive correlation was found between serum and FF Vitamin D concentrations in the full cohort. A positive and significant correlation was found between FF-vit D levels and the number of total oocyte (r = 0.344, p < 0.04) and MII oocyte (r = 0.404, p < 0.02) in the PCOS group. The number of total oocyte, MII oocyte and 2 PN zygotes of the PCOS group were significantly higher than the non-PCOS group. Positive pregnancy test rate, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar in both groups. The miscarriage rates in the non-PCOS group were significantly higher than in the PCOS group. A positive and significant correlation was also found between FF vit D levels and positive pregnancy test (r = 0.566, p < 0.03) and CPR (r = 0.605, p < 0.02) in PCOS group. There was no correlation between FF-vit D levels and live birth and miscarriage rates in neither the PCOS nor the non-PCOS group. ConclusionsBoth serum and FF 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of women with PCOS at the time of oocyte retrieval are similar to non-PCOS controls. While FF 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate with total and MII oocyte counts, positive pregnancy test and CPR, it does not correlate with miscarriage and live birth rates.

A Case-control Study to Determine Metalloproteinase-12 and Lysyl Oxidase Levels in Iraqi women with Osteoporosis

The current study aimed to ascertain the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) and Lysyl oxidase (LOX) in osteoporosis patients and their correlation with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), magnesium (Mg), vitamin D (Vit D), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and T-score %. 110 participants recruited from Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq, were enrolled in this study from November 2019 to March 2020). The participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised 60 osteoporotic women and group 2 consisted of 50 healthy women. (MMP and LOX) were estimated using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA. The results showed significant differences in serum LOX, age, ALP, Mg, and T-score %, while no significant differences in serum MMP-12, Vit D, Ca, P, and body mass index (BMI) were noticed in osteoporosis patients as compared to the control group. The correlation analysis showed a significant correlation of T-score with Vit D and MMP12 in osteoporosis patients, when a t-test was conducted with the two participant groups. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between the T-score result and LOX, Mg, Ca, and P, which indicated that the relation was not linear because the change in the variables neither increased nor decreased systematically compared to the T-score. LOX, ALP, and Mg were significantly associated with osteoporosis patients, while MMP12 and Vit D were found to affect the density of the bone. Therefore, the studied parameters may be used in the form of a bone mineral density decline index.

Vitamin D and its Relationship with Female Outfit Dressing Style

Background: Vitamins, minerals, and other important nutrients we get from food can keep our bodies healthy, and to get strong bones, we need calcium and vitamin D. Vit D3 titled the “sunshine vitamin,” is one of the important nutrients needed for a female’s health. Vit D had a constant function in adaptive and inherent immunity. Exposure to sunlight has a major role in providing adequate Vit D for most people in the world. Aim of the study: Our study aims to evaluate Vit D and calcium levels in healthy young females of child-bearing age and to inspect the effects of their outfit dressing. Methods: A total of 108 women were included, those wearing full cover outfit style clothing covering all body leaving the face area and hand exposed group I (74 women), and uncovered women with exposed head, arms, and legs group II (34 women). A quantitative test was used to determine 25-hydroxy Vit D in human serum using minividase and for total calcium measurement atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: All women in both groups had a blood test for calcium (Ca) and Vit D3 level levels, and a calculation of body mass index (BMI) was done. Using t-test for the comparison between (group I and group II).A significant difference (p is less than 0.005) was found in serum Vit D3, which was lower in group I with a mean (12.09 ± 7.59), and for group II, it was (16.56 ± 7.61). Serum calcium was slightly elevated in group II than in group I, but there was no significant between the two groups. The mean serum calcium level was (9.41) in group I and (9.56) (p is less than 0.3) in group II. Although body mass index was higher in group I mean (28.73 ± 0.61) than group II mean (27.25 ± 4.88), it was statistically not significant (p is less than 0.2). Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that many factors could affect Vit D levels, like clothing styles and lifestyle. Inadequate Vit D intake and covered dress style can lead to low Vit D levels. A recommendation that has been suggested when there is no Vit D intake is to expose the face area, arms, and hands for a short duration in the middle of the day many times a week to have normal Vit D levels.

The Influence of Rumen-Protected Choline and α-tocopherol Supplementation on Early Lactating Dairy Cows Metabolism.

It is well documented that choline is known as one of the essential ingredients of phospholipids. Choline acts as a determinative element for appropriate cell membrane functions. On the other hand α-tocopherol (Vit E) is a fat-soluble vitamin. This vitamin acts as a strong antioxidant in the living body's defense system against oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation in peripartum and early lactating cows is significantly increased while the level of serum Vit E is decreases dramatically. These concomitant physiological changes demonstrate a higher level of oxidative stress subsequently leads to serious health issues in dairy cows. Therefore, the present research was designed to investigate the following items in dairy cattle: 1) evaluation of the possible changes in serum protein fractions, and 2) comparing the oxidative status of orally RPC and vitamin E supplementation in dairy cows in early lactation period. In the current study 30 early lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (body condition score (BCS)=2.51 ± 0.10) were used beginning five weeks postpartum. All the animals were randomly divided in to three groups (n=10) (number of lactation=2.61). The animals were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments. Group 1 served as control group were not received any supplement. The second group was supplemented with 90 g/d of RPC (Reashre Choline, Balchem, USA). The third group was administrated 4400 IU/d vitamin E (Roche, Vitamins Ltd; Switzerland). In the current study, serum protein electrophoresis showed four main fractions as follows: albumin, α-globulin, β-globulin, and γ-globulin. The recorded data showed that the percentages of albumin and γ-globulin fractions were higher in treated groups compared to the control group. In the animals supplementing with RPC and vitamin E the percentages of serum albumin increased to the value of 37. 70±1.63 and 38.21±1.28 respectively compare to the control group (34.69±1.21), which were significant (P<0.05).

Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Clinical Neuropathy with Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is more prevalent (more than 90% of all diabetes cases) and the main driver of the diabetes epidemic, now affects 5.9% of the world’s adult population, with almost 80% of the total in developing countries. At present, 537 million adults (20–79 years) are living with diabetes—1 in 10. This number is predicted to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. In India, reports show that 69.2 million people are living with diabetes (8.7%) as per 2015 data. Long-term metformin treatment is a known pharmacological cause of vitamin B12 (Vit B12) deficiency, as was evident within the first 10–12 years after it started to be used. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Medicine in one of the tertiary hospitals in Kashmir. A total of 1600 consecutive patients with T2DM were taken for the study. Out of which 700 patients met the inclusion criteria. These 700 patients were divided into two groups: those taking metformin, and those who were not on metformin. Cumulative metformin doses were recorded in patients taking metformin, using history of dose and duration of treatment. Serum Vit B12 levels were taken for all patients. Based on the results of Vit B12 levels, patients were classified into normal levels (20 pmol/L), possible B12 deficiency (150–220 pmol/l), and definite deficiency (<150 pmol/L). Results: Our results depicted that patients on prolonged metformin therapy showed an increase in Vit B12 deficiency by 11.16%. The prevalence of clinical neuropathy in the metformin-exposed group was 45%, whereas, a prevalence of 31.8% was found in the non-metformin group. The mean age of patients with neuropathy was higher than those without neuropathy (59.01 ± 7.14 vs. 49.95 ± 7.47) (p-value < 0.514, statistically insignificant). Conclusions: In our study, we found that metformin use is associated with Vit B12 deficiency, which is dependent upon the cumulative dose of metformin. Importantly, prolonged metformin use is also associated with an increase in the prevalence of clinical neuropathy.