Serum Total Iron Binding Capacity Research Articles

Co-administration of Inulin and Iron Fortificants improves Iron Deficiency Biomarkers in Female Sprague Dawley Rats.

Micronutrient deficiencies affect approximately 2 billion people worldwide and iron deficiency anemia is one of them. The instant research was an attempt to determine the efficacy of co‐administration of two iron fortificants (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) and inulin (a prebiotic) on serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron‐binding capacity in iron‐deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. For this research, rats were divided into ten groups, (two control and eight treatment groups). Treatment groups were made iron deficient by feeding them with triapine, an iron binder for two weeks. All treatment groups were fed with inulin at two different dosage levels along with iron fortificants. The study results showed that serum ferritin and serum iron levels significantly improved from initiation to termination of study. Also, mean values of total iron‐binding capacity and serum transferrin showed a steady decline over a period of three months indicating that iron stores were being improved. It was concluded that co‐administration of inulin and iron fortificants helped improve iron deficiency biomarkers in female Sprague Dawley rats.

Patients with Helicobacter Pylori Infections Who Have Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Objective: It is the goal of this research to evaluate the presence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in individuals with Helicobacter pylori infection. Study Design: Prospective/cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of medicine, Ittefaq Hospital Trust, Lahore, during the period from 16th January 2021 to 15th July 2021. Methods: There were one hundred and thirty patients of both genders with ages 22-60 years were presented. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients included age, sex, body mass index, education status and residency. All the included patients had helicobacter pylori infection in this study. Blood samples from the individuals were tested for serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity. A urea breath test, stool antigen testing, a quick urease test, or histopathology may all be used to look for H. pylori infection. SPSS 22.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Mean standard deviation was used for laboratory outcomes. Results: Mean age of the patients 35.32 ± 6.53 years with mean BMI 26.12±8.64 kg/m2. Majority of the patients were females 75 (57.7%) and remaining were males 55 (42.3%). 53 (40.8%) patients were from urban areas and 60 (46.2%) patients were literate. Most of the patients 80 (61.5%) had poor socio-economic status. Mean Hemoglobin level was 11.12 ± 1.8 (g/dl) mean serum iron level was 50.3 ± 12.45 (ug/dl) and mean serum ferritin level was 123.4±56.55 (ng per ml).We found iron deficiency anemia in 51 (39.2%) patients. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anaemia was shown to be more prevalent in individuals with Helicobacter Pylori infection who were mostly females in this research. Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), H.pylori infection, Prevalence

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Helicobacter Pylori Infection Patients: A Recent Study

Objective: The study's goal is to find out how common iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is among those who have helicobacter pylori infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional/prospective study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at BHU 28 GB Jaranwala within duration of Aug 2021-Feb 2022. Methods: In all, there were 95 patients of all sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 70. Detailed information about each patient's background and current residence was obtained through informed written permission from each one. It was found that every patient in this research had helicobacter pylori infection. Blood samples from the individuals were tested for serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity. It is possible to identify H. pylori infection by the use of urea breath tests, stool antigen testing, fast urease testing, or histopathology. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all of the data in the study. Results: Among 95 patients, 57 (60%) were females and 38 (40%) were males. Mean age of the patients 33.41±8.44 years with mean BMI 25.09±7.31 kg/m2. Most of the cases were illiterate and were from rural areas. 55 (57.9%) cases had poor socio-economic status. Mean Hemoglobin level was 12.1±3.11 (g/dl) mean serum iron level was 49.5±8.31 (ug/dl) and mean serum ferritin level was 121.6±31.56 (ng per ml).Frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found in 40 (42.1%) patients. Conclusion: According to our findings, a substantial increase in iron deficiency anaemia was seen in helicobacter pylori-infected adults, the majority of whom were female. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Health Supervision for Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome.

Health Supervision for Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome.

Vitamin D and its influence in circulating trace minerals among Arab adults with or without adequate vitamin D levels

ObjectiveTo compare and define the associations of circulating trace minerals with vitamin D among Arab adults with either vitamin D deficiency or optimum vitamin D levels. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 199 (101 males and 98 females) adult Saudi participants aged 47.7 ± 15.6 years divided into two groups [N = 120 with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L), and N = 79 with adequate vitamin D (≥75 nmol/L). Anthropometrics was measured and biochemical parameters, such as glucose, lipid profile, trace elements (calcium, phosphate and magnesium) were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer. Serum copper, iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a colorimetric ferrozine-based assay. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 were measured using standardized immunoassays. ResultsThere is a significant difference in TIBC (p = 0.02) and transferrin saturation (p = 0.004) and no significant difference in copper and iron concentration between the two groups. High level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in the vitamin D deficient group was found to be significantly associated with low levels of copper. in the vitamin D deficient group, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with serum glucose levels (R = −0.22, P = 0.046), and positively associated with age (r = 0.23, p = 0.03) and in the vitamin D sufficient group, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with serum HDL cholesterol levels (R = 0.23, p = 0.02). The data showed that vitamin D deficient group had a higher prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels than the vitamin D sufficient group. (78.2% versus 66.1%, respectively; p = 0.04). ConclusionCirculating trace minerals are influenced by vitamin D status and are altered among individuals who are vitamin D deficient, reaffirming the need to correct vitamin D status to prevent other micronutrient imbalances in adults. Whether these associations are compensatory needs to be investigated prospectively.

Prevalence and Association between Obesity and Iron Deficiency in Children

Background: Excessive body fat accumulation is a known risk factor for a variety of comorbidities including iron-related disorders such as iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. However, only minor investigations, particularly in Thailand, have established a link between obesity and iron-related disorders among children. Objective: To examine the association between weight status, specifically overweight, obese, and morbidly obese children, and their iron levels, as well as to determine the prevalence of children who were overweight/obese and having iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional-research at Naresuan University Hospital in Phitsanulok, Thailand, on 99 overweight and obese pediatric outpatients aged 5 to 15 years between July 2020 and March 2021. Baseline characteristics and anthropometric measurements of the subjects were recorded, and blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin concentration (Hb), serum iron (SI) levels, serum ferritin (SF), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and transferrin saturation. All data were entered into SPSS software and evaluated using analyses of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Pearson’s correlation, and odds ratio to identify the relationship between overweight/obesity and iron status. Results: The findings revealed a 51.52% (95% CI 41.25 to 61.68) prevalence of iron deficiency in the study population, whereas 3% (95% CI 0.60 to 8.60) of the participants had iron deficiency anemia. The present research demonstrates unequivocally that individuals with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia had low SI level and low transferrin saturation. Additionally, all overweight and obese subjects had elevated SF levels but normal TIBC. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is significantly more common in overweight and obese children. Serum iron and transferrin saturation levels serve as indicators of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Excess body fat results in elevated SF levels and normal TIBC levels. Therefore, SF and TIBC levels are not indicative of iron deficiency. Keywords: Overweight; Obesity; Children; Iron deficiency; Iron deficiency anemia; Serum iron; Serum ferritin; Serum TIBC; Thalassemia, Anemia

Decreased serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity are associated with serious Crohn\u2019s disease

This study aimed to investigate whether serum indicators related to iron stores in the body are associated with clinical and endoscopic disease severity. Eighty-four patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and twenty-four healthy volunteers were included. The indicators related to iron stores were detected within one week after endoscopic and CT enterography examinations. Patients were divided into three groups according to the CDAI(Crohn's disease activity index)scores. Serum iron levels were decreased in all groups (p < 0.05), and the values of remission group were higher than those of moderate group (p < 0.001). The total iron binding capacity(TIBC)values of the moderate group were lower than those of the controls and the other groups (p < 0.05). None of the indicators differed significantly among the patients classified by SES-CD (p > 0.05). Underweight, decreased serum iron and TIBC were independent risk factors for moderate clinical disease. Combined detection of decreased serum iron and TIBC was helpful in differentiating severe patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 32.7% and 100%, respectively (AUC = 0.812, p < 0.01). Decreases in serum iron and TIBC were associated with the clinical activity of CD. Combined detection of the two indicators was conducive to screening serious disease.

Levels of Serum Ferritin and Hepcidin in Patients with Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Hodeidah, Yemen: Considerations for Assessing Iron Status

Understanding the key regulator of iron homeostasis is critical to the improvement of iron supplementation practices in malaria-endemic areas. This study aimed to determine iron indices and hepcidin (HEPC) level in patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum compared to apparently healthy, malaria-negative subjects in Hodeidah, Yemen. The study included 70 Plasmodium falciparum-infected and 20 malaria-negative adults. Blood films were examined for detection and estimation of parasitemia. Hemoglobin (Hb) level was measured using an automated hematology analyzer. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Levels of serum ferritin (FER) and HEPC were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Data were stratified by sex and age. Comparable Hb levels were found in P. falciparum-infected patients and malaria-negative subjects in each sex and age group (p > 0.05). Compared to their malaria-negative counterparts, disturbed iron homeostasis in patients was evidenced by the significantly lower serum iron levels in females (p = 0.007) and those aged <25 years (p = 0.02) and the significantly higher TIBC in males (p = 0.008). Levels of serum FER and HEPC were significantly elevated in P. falciparum-infected patients compared to the corresponding malaria-negative participants (p < 0.001). Serum FER correlated positively with parasite density (p = 0.004). In conclusion, patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum in Hodeidah display elevated levels of serum HEPC and FER. Hemoglobin level may not reflect the disturbed iron homeostasis in these patients. The combined measurement of iron indices and HEPC provides comprehensive information on the iron status so that the right intervention can be chosen.

Evaluation of Serum Iron and Ferritin Levels as Inflammatory Markers in Calves with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

Abstract Iron and ferritin have been used in human medicine for years to reveal the presence of inflammation. However, studies evaluating these parameters, especially in respiratory system diseases, are quite rare in veterinary medicine. We aimed to test the usability of serum Fe and Fe-related parameters [total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS) levels] as inflammatory and diagnostic biomarkers in calves with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). To mark inflammation, some selected acute-phase proteins including serum ferritin and transferrin levels were measured because of their close relationship with iron metabolism. The material of this study consisted of 15 calves, aged 1-3 months with BRDC (Group I) and 10 healthy calves aged 1-3 months (Group II) based on the presence of respiratory clinical findings. Serum Fe, TIBC and TS levels were low and ferritin levels were high in Group I (P ≤ 0.001). The BRDC group was separated into two subgroups based on PCR results, namely Virus+ (n=9) and Virus- (n=6). The calves in the Virus+ group had significantly lower levels of Fe (P=0.001) and significantly higher values of ferritin (P=0.002), compared to the healthy group. On the basis of inter-group comparison and ROC analysis, we concluded that Fe (primarily), ferritin, TIBC and TS levels can be used as inflammatory biomarkers and possible diagnostic markers in the BRDC as useful, practical, inexpensive substitutes. As a suggestion, these parameters which are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, can be used as potential prognostic biomarkers in studies involving treatment.

Total iron binding capacity is a predictor for muscle loss in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Protein-energy wasting in hemodialysis (HD) patients is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and plasma protein. Some previous studies reported relationships between skeletal muscle dysfunction and iron deficiency. Dialysis patients with malnutrition may have a functional iron deficiency (FID) because of inflammation. Serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC), correlated with transferrin, is a nutritional status marker in HD patients and a biomarker of iron status. The relationship between muscle loss and iron status is unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between iron status and change in skeletal muscle mass. A prospective cohort of 267 HD patients was examined for 12months. Blood samples were obtained at baseline to measure TIBC, ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), and hepcidin-25. Nutritional status and changes in muscle mass were assessed by subjective global assessment, albumin, creatinine index, and percentage creatinine generation rate. At baseline, lower tertiles of TIBC were significantly related to lower muscle mass and albumin levels; they were also significantly correlated with high ferritin, hepcidin-25, and TSAT levels, as well as a higher proportion of use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Multiple regression analysis adjusted with confounders showed TIBC was an independent biomarker for decreased muscle mass and albumin. Change in muscle mass remained significantly decreased in the lower tertile of TIBC and in malnourished patients. The present study demonstrated relationships between FID and muscle loss. TIBC was an independent biomarker of muscle loss in HD patients, considering iron status, inflammation, oxidative stress, and malnutrition.

Hemoglobin Concentration during Early Pregnancy as an Accurate Predictor of Anemia during Late Pregnancy.

It is undetermined which blood variables related to iron storage during the first trimester of pregnancy could efficiently predict anemia occurring during the third trimester. Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assessed longitudinally during the first, second, and third trimesters of 231 healthy Japanese women. None of the patients had anemia in the first trimester and none used iron supplementation before the second trimester blood test. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dL for the first trimester and Hb < 10.0 g/dL for the third trimester. Forty-seven (20%) women developed anemia in the third trimester. The first trimester RBC, Hb, hematocrit, and ferritin levels were significantly lower in women with third-trimester anemia than those without anemia. The first trimester hemoglobin level exhibited a greater area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of the third trimester anemia than other blood variables; the optimal cut-off (12.6 g/dL) of hemoglobin yielded a sensitivity of 83% (39/47). First trimester hemoglobin levels were significantly better predictors of anemia during the third trimester than the indices of iron storage, including serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC levels.

Screening for Beta Thalassemia Carrier State Among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Tertiary Care Centre and Framing a Model Program for the Prevention of Beta Thalassemia.

AimThis study was carried out to detect beta (β) thalassemia heterozygous state in antenatal women and to create a validated flag in the software utilizing the screening indices to filter the samples to be subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to define a model for the prevention of thalassemia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of two years on women attending the antenatal clinic. Complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral smear were done during their first visit. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity were done for women who had microcytic hypochromic anemia. The samples of women without iron deficiency were processed by HPLC for hemoglobinopathies. The spouses of women who were found to have beta thalassemia trait were counseled to undergo screening, and those who consented were tested.ResultsA total of 183 antenatal women were screened for hemoglobinopathies. Βeta thalassemia trait was detected in 23.5% of them. Among the 16 red blood cell (RBC) indices analyzed, Sehgal index and Mentzer index, both with sensitivities of 97.67%, were found to be suitable. Alert flag incorporated in the software of the analyzer to detect these indices helps not to miss samples to carry out HPLC. The spouses of women with β thalassemia trait who underwent HPLC testing were 55.81%. A model screening program was designed.Conclusion Antenatal testing by HPLC should be done on all mothers having microcytic hypochromic anemia without iron deficiency. Spouse testing of the woman who was carriers denotes the success of the antenatal screening program.

Evaluation of iron status in metabolic syndrome

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors that adversely affects all the organs of the body. Oxidative stress resulting from excess tissue iron causing insulin resistance, tissue damage and other complications are observed in MetS. Objectives: To assess iron status by serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS) levels in female MetS patients. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March, 2019 to February, 2020 on total thirty female MetS patients aged 25 to 45 years. Thirty (30) age matched apperantly healthy female subjects were enrolled as control. Serum iron, ferritin levels, TIBC and TS were measured by standard biochemical methods. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was done by Independent sample ‘t’ test. Results: In this study, mean serum ferritin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) and mean serum TIBC was significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) in patients than that of controls In addition, 43.3% of MetS patients had excess ferritin and 26.67% patients had low TIBC whereas no control subjects had abnormal ferritin or TIBC and the difference between MetS and control was statistically significant. Conclusion: From the results of this study it can be concluded that higher iron status may be associated with metabolic syndrome. J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 82-87

Effects of Aqueous Ginger Extract on Some Hematology Parameters, Serum Iron, Ferritin, and Total Iron Binding Capacity in Male Mice (Mus musculus L.)

Background: Ginger is a common spice with wide range of medicinal properties, the extract have wide chemical substances play important role for many effects in humans and animals.&#x0D; Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger on some hematological parameters as well as on serum iron, ferritin and total iron binding capacity.&#x0D; Subjects and methods: Thirty mice adult male be split into three groups, two treated groups and one control group (each group contains ten mice). The experimental groups were injected by intraperiton (IP) with 0.1 ml in every dose, (2 mg and 4 mg/mice) of Zingibar officinale extract was injected in treated groups, also a stander group received the distill water with the same dose.&#x0D; Results: PCV significantly rises in both dose, also Hb, RBC, MCV and MCHC appeared significant increase only in high dose. While MCH clarified not significant affect in two doses. TIBC not reach to significant differences in groups treated with two potion, whereas, rises serum iron and ferritin significantly appeared in high dose only compared with group in control at (p&lt;0.01).&#x0D; Conclusions: The ginger safe and help in iron absorption and can be beneficial as a promising therapy to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of iron deficiency without anemia among school adolescents in Mbouda, Western Cameroon

Background: Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable age group to iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risks factors of IDWA among apparently healthy school teenagers in Mbouda, West-Cameroon.Methods: The 778 blood samples were randomly collected from adolescents aged 10-19 years of four schools in Mbouda. Appropriate indicators including haemoglobin and haematocrit, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation were determined using standard methods.Results: The overall prevalence of IDWA was 40.4%. High significant difference in the mean values of serum iron (p≤0.001), serum ferritin (p≤0.001), TIBC (p=0.007), CST (p≤0.001) were observed in participants with IDWA compared to those without IDWA. The sociodemographic risk factors of IDWA in school adolescents were school site (p=0.022; 0.14 (0.90-1.43) and period of menstruation (p=0.015; 1.48 (1.083-2.03). Consumption of roots-tubers [OR: 0.92 (0.48-1.77)] legumes [OR: 2.65 (1.91-3.67)], cereals [OR: 0.90 (0.67-1.22)], increased the risk of IDWA while consumption of vegetables [OR: 0.29 (0.22-0.39)], eggs [OR: 0.66 (0.49-0.90)], and fish-shrimp [OR: 0.172 (0.10-0.295)] decreased the risk of IDWA. Meal consumption frequency had a statistically significant association with IDWA (p≤0.001).Conclusions: This study identified that IDWA was a major public health in adolescents. This study will help in planning and implementation of the policy for prevention of IDWA in adolescents.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among School Teenagers in Mbouda, Western Cameroon: A Cross Sectional Study

Teenagers are a particularly vulnerable age group to Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risks factors of IDA among apparently healthy school teenagers in Mbouda, West-Cameroon. Blood samples, up to 778 were randomly collected from adolescents aged 10-19 years of four schools in Mbouda. For this cross-sectional study, participants collaborated to fill a questionnaire with us on socio-economic and demographic status. The methods of 24 hours recall, and dietary history were used to determine the dietary habits, the type of food and the consumed meal frequencies during a day. Appropriate indicators including hemoglobin and hematocrit, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation were determined using standard methods. Our findings showed that the prevalence of IDA was 82.4 % and 17.64 % in participants aged 13-19 years and 10-12 years respectively. High significant difference in the mean values of Serum Iron (p = 0.001), Serum ferritin (p&lt;0.001), TIBC (p&lt;0.001), CST (0.001) and Hemoglobin (p&lt;0.001, CI = 2) were observed in participants without IDA compared to those with IDA. The sociodemographic risk factors of IDA in school adolescents were sex [P = 0.001, OR = 0.39 (0.22–0.69)], residence areas [P = 0.001, OR = 3.30 (1.55–7.02)] and school sites [P = 0.002]. Consumption of vegetable [OR: 0.30 (0.17–0.54)], fruits, [OR: 0.26 (0.12–0.52)] and fats [OR: 0.33 (0.12–0.91)] significantly decreased the risk of IDA (p &lt;0.05), whereas the consumption of legumes [OR: 2.60 (1.57–4.32)] significantly increased the risk of IDA. This study suggested that IDA could be prevented by providing proper knowledge on the healthful diet including fats animal food sources, fruit and vegetables, improved lifestyle, and on the harmful effects of IDA to the teenager’s productivity.

Characteristics of systemic inflammation and brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease patients.

ObjectiveThis study aimed at determining the characteristics of systemic inflammation and brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.MethodsThirty two PD patients and 30 gender‐ as well as age‐matched controls were enrolled. Serum interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐33, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels were assayed. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron accumulation in the regions of interest (ROIs). Correlations between concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers for peripheral iron metabolism, brain iron deposition were evaluated in the PD group.ResultsSerum concentrations of IL‐1β and IL‐33 were found to be significantly elevated in the PD group compared to the control group, and in early‐stage PD group compared to advanced‐stage PD group. Total QSM value for bilateral ROIs was significantly elevated in the PD group compared to the control group, and in advanced‐stage PD group compared to early‐stage PD group. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum IL‐1β concentration and total QSM value for bilateral ROIs, between serum ferritin, iron, TIBC concentrations, and total QSM value for bilateral ROIs in PD patients. However, there was no significant correlation between serum IL‐1β concentrations and serum ferritin, iron, TIBC concentrations in PD patients.InterpretationThe inflammatory state and chronic brain iron deposition progression in PD patients might be asynchronous. Alterations in systemic inflammation were not correlated with peripheral iron metabolism and might not contribute to the aggravation of brain iron deposition in PD patients.

Effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang on iron status, immunity, and gut microbiota of mice fed with low-iron diet

• The low-iron diet significantly changed the structure of the gut microbiota and reduced bacterial diversity. • LCZ supplementation significantly reduced serum IL-18 level, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. • LCZ mitigated serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level elevation induced by the low-iron diet in mice. Nutritional iron deficiency is a common health problem. In this study, the fecal metagenomes, serum cytokine profiles, and iron status of four mouse groups (n = 8 per group), i.e., CT (control diet), LI (low-iron diet), CTL (control diet with Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang, LCZ), and LIL (LI with LCZ) were compared after dietary intervention. Significant differences were observed in the fecal microbiota diversity and structure between groups at week 8, with diminished microbial diversity in the LI group. LCZ supplementation could regulate the microbiota diversity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 significantly increased in mice received low-iron diet compared with those in the probiotic group (low-iron diet), suggesting LCZ possibly exerted anti-inflammatory effect on the low-iron diet mice. Additionally, LCZ supplementation decreased the serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level in mice ( P < 0.05). Altogether, our data showed that LCZ supplementation partially protected mice given low-iron diet from gut dysbiosis and improved their iron status.

Association of Serum Iron Indices with Insulin Resistance Index in Euglycaemic Offspring’s of Diabetic and Non Diabetic Parents: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Altered iron metabolism may be a risk factor for various diseases. There are studies showing that altered iron metabolism is frequently found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, but there is lacunae of literature in offspring’s of diabetic parents. Aim: To compare serum iron indices in euglycaemic offsprings of diabetic and non diabetic parents and also to correlate serum iron indices with HOMA-IR. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from February 2019 to January 2020. Total 80 euglycaemic healthy individuals were recruited. Out of 80 subjects 40 were cases and 40 were controls. Offspring of non diabetic parents as control group and offspring of diabetic parents as a case group were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height was measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Laboratory parameters like complete haemogram, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), serum iron markers like serum iron, serum ferritin, serum Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), serum insulin and high sensitive C-reactive protein were analysed and compared between cases and controls. Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Results: Mean age of cases was 34.65±3.06 years and controls was 35.75±3.43 years respectively. Out of total 24 were females and 56 were males. Serum iron markers like serum iron and serum ferritin was significantly increased and serum TIBC was significantly decreased among euglycaemic offspring’s of diabetic parents compared to offspring’s of non diabetic parents. Serum ferritin (r-value=0.389,p-value=0.007) and serum iron (r-value=0.483,p-value=0.001), showed positive correlation with HOMA-IR among euglycaemic offspring’s of diabetic parents. On multiple regression analysis, in model 1 (HOMAIR as dependent variable and serum ferritin, serum iron and serum TIBC as independent variable) serum iron emerged as a significant predictor of insulin resistance, whereas after adding confounding variables like BMI, high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), lipid profile with serum iron markers in model 2, serum iron emerged as independent predictor of insulin resistance though regression equations was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Offsprings of diabetic parents showed iron overload and insulin resistance which predisposes them to develop T2DM and serum iron can be used as one of the marker of insulin resistance among offspring of diabetic parents along with other parameters.

Comparative evaluation of darbepoetin therapy in non-regenerative anaemia associated with Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs

The present study describes a comparative evaluation of haemato-therapeutic response to darbepoetin therapy in non-regenerative anaemia associated with Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. A total of 68 dogs, presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy with signs of anaemia, weakness, anorexia and pallor of mucous membranes were screened for nonregenerative anaemia. Twenty dogs with a reticulocyte count of &lt; 60,000/μL, haematocrit of &lt; 30 per cent and positive for B. gibsoni were selected for detailed study. The twenty dogs were divided into two groups of ten animals and were subjected to estimation of complete blood count and analysis of serum protein and iron status. Ten dogs brought to the hospital for vaccination or health check-up served as healthy control. Haematological examination revealed significant anaemia and thrombocytopenia in both the groups. Serum total protein, albumin and total iron binding capacity revealed no difference between diseased groups with the healthy control. Serum iron and percentage transferrin saturation were similar in Group I and II, but significantly higher than healthy control. To compare darbepoetin efficacy, Group I dogs were administered with clindamycin and doxycycline for three weeks, whereas Group II was given with darbepoetin at the dose rate of 0.5 μg/kg body weight at weekly intervals for three weeks in addition to clindamycin-doxycycline as in Group I. Dogs of both groups showed complete remission of clinical signs within 10 days of therapy. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in haematological parameters between the treatment groups. It can be concluded from this study that there is no added advantage of darbepoetin therapy over conventional therapies against non-regenerative anaemia associated with B. gibsoni infection in dogs.