Serum Sialic Acid Levels Research Articles

Possible involvement of sialidase and sialyltransferase activities in a stage-dependent recycling of sialic acid in some organs of type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats.

Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes lead to an aberrant metabolism of sialoglycoconjugates and elevated free serum sialic acid (FSSA) level. The present study evaluated sialidase and sialyltranferase activities in serum and some organs relevant to diabetes at early and late stages of T1D and T2D. Sialic acid level with sialidase and sialyltransferase activities were monitored in the serum, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle and kidney of diabetic animals at early and late stages of the diseases. The FSSA and activity of sialidase in the serum were significantly increased at late stage of both T1D and T2D while sialic acid level in the liver was significantly decreased in the early and late stages of T1D and T2D, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of sialidase was significantly elevated in most of the diabetes-relevant organs while the activity of sialyltransferase remained largely unchanged. A multiple regression analysis revealed the contribution of the liver to the FSSA while pancreas and kidney contributed to the activity of sialidase in the serum. We concluded that the release of hepatic sialic acid in addition to pancreatic and renal sialidase might (in)directly contribute to the increased FSSA during both types of diabetes mellitus.

Changes in the Serum and Tissue Levels of Free and Conjugated Sialic Acids, Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, and KDN in Mice after the Oral Administration of Edible Bird’s Nests: An LC–MS/MS Quantitative Analysis

Edible bird’s nests have a variety of biological activities, the main components of which are sialic acids. Sialic acids are a group of nine-carbon N-acetylated derivatives of neuraminic acid containing a keto group at position C2 and play important roles in many biological processes. To verify whether the oral administration of edible bird’s nests would change the content and distribution of sialic acid components in vivo, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of sialic acid levels in serum and tissues was developed. In the negative ion mode, the mobile phases consist of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (v/v) (B). Isocratic elution was performed with 60% B for 0−15 min. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Morphling HILIC Amide column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the typical calibration curves were all higher than 0.995, exhibiting good linearity. The levels of free and conjugated forms of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid (KDN) in the serum and different tissues were simultaneously detected after the oral administration of the edible bird’s nests at a daily dose of 300 and 700 mg Kg−1 for seven days in mice. Our study found that the oral administration of edible bird’s nests can significantly increase the concentration of total sialic acids (Neu5Gc + Neu5Ac + KDN) in serum and spleen and lungs tissues, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory and immune function of edible bird’s nest, but further studies are needed to verify this. Neu5Ac was the dominant sialic acid in brain tissue, and Neu5Gc was the dominant sialic acid in serum and other tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney. Moreover, we found that the forms of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc were mainly conjugated in all groups except liver tissue. In conclusion, the method we established had good linearity and accuracy; it allowed the analytes to be effectively separated from the matrix and endogenous substances in serum or tissues, so it could effectively detect the distribution and concentration of free and conjugated forms of sialic acids in serum and tissues, which was beneficial to the research and exploitation of edible bird’s nests and sialic acids.

The Prognostic Value of Serum Sialic Acid in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Study.

Elevated serum sialic acid (SA) is one of the indicators of poor prognosis in various malignant tumors. This study intends to determine the relationship between serum SA levels and survival prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). From 2014 to 2016, NPC patients with no distance metastasis undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were retrospectively analyzed. The serum SA levels before initial treatment were measured, and an optimal cut-off level was determined by X-tile software. A propensity score matching (PSM) technique was applied to reduce intergroup differences between the low serum SA level group and the high serum SA level group. Chi-square tests were utilized for comparing intergroup differences, Kaplan-Meier approach was utilized for plotting survival curves, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed for analyzing prognostic factors. Overall, 293 NPC patients with no distance metastasis were included. The optimal cut-off level of serum SA was 65.10 mg/dl. The baseline levels after PSM were more balanced compared to those before PSM. Survival analysis showed that the locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS, p=0.010), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, p=0.014), progression-free survival (PFS, p=0.009), and overall survival (OS, p=0.015) survival curves of the low serum SA level group and high serum SA level group were statistically significant differences. Univariate analysis showed that American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, T stage, N stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC), and serum SA expression level were factors influencing the prognosis of NPC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that high serum SA expression level was related to worse PFS and OS in NPC patients with no distance metastasis. High serum SA level (SA > 65.10 mg/dl) before treatment is associated to poor survival outcomes in NPC and is an independent adverse prognostic factor in NPC patients with no distance metastasis.

Pretreatment level of serum sialic acid predicts both qualitative and quantitative bone metastases of prostate cancer.

Recently, serum sialic acid (SA) has emerged as a distinct prognostic marker for prostate cancer (PCa) and bone metastases, warranting differential treatment and prognosis for low-volume (LVD) and high-volume disease (HVD). In clinical settings, evaluating bone metastases can prove advantageous. We aimed to establish the correlation between SA and both bone metastasis and HVD in newly diagnosed PCa patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1202 patients who received a new diagnosis of PCa between November 2014 and February 2021. We compared pretreatment SA levels across multiple groups and investigated the associations between SA levels and the clinical parameters of patients. Additionally, we compared the differences between HVD and LVD. We utilized several statistical methods, including the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression. The results indicate that SA may serve as a predictor of bone metastasis in patients with HVD. ROC curve analysis revealed a cut-off value of 56.15 mg/dL with an area under the curve of 0.767 (95% CI: 0.703-0.832, P < 0.001) for bone metastasis versus without bone metastasis and a cut-off value of 65.80 mg/dL with an area under the curve of 0.766 (95% CI: 0.644-0.888, P = 0.003) for HVD versus LVD. Notably, PCa patients with bone metastases exhibited significantly higher SA levels than those without bone metastases, and HVD patients had higher SA levels than LVD patients. In comparison to the non-metastatic and LVD cohorts, the cohort with HVD exhibited higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (median, 122.00 U/L), fibrinogen (FIB) (median, 3.63 g/L), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (median, 215.70 ng/mL), as well as higher Gleason scores (> 7). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an SA level of > 56.15 mg/dL was independently associated with the presence of bone metastases in PCa patients (OR = 2.966, P = 0.018), while an SA level of > 65.80 mg/dL was independently associated with HVD (OR = 1.194, P = 0.048). The pretreatment serum SA level is positively correlated with the presence of bone metastases.

Relationship between serum sialic acid level and Diabetic neuropathy in Egyptian patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Relationship between serum sialic acid level and Diabetic neuropathy in Egyptian patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The diagnostic effectiveness of serum sialic acid predicts both qualitative and quantitative prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen between 4 and 20 ng/mL.

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the serum biochemical index, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-L-fucosidase (AFU), serum sialic acid (SA), and fibrinogen (FIB), for prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) in patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value between 4 and 20 ng/mL. This study retrospectively examined the clinical data of 408 eligible patients who underwent prostate biopsies in our hospital between March 2015 and July 2022. CSPCa was defined as a "Gleason grade group of≥2". For analyzing the association between PCa/CSPCa and serum biochemical index, univariable logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were conducted. Based on the multivariable logistic regression model, we constructed models and compared the area under the curve (AUC). We generated the nomogram, the ROC curve, the DCA curve, and the calibration curve for PCa. Overall, we studied 271 patients with PCa (including 155 patients with CSPCa) and 137 non-PCa patients. Patients with PCa were more likely to consume alcohol, have higher total PSA (TPSA) values, and have lower free PSA (FPSA) and free/total PSA (f/T) values. There were higher TPSA values and lower f/T values in the CSPCa group when compared with the non-CSPCa group. The univariate logistic regression analyses did not show significant results. However, AKP, AFU, SA, TPSA, and FPSA all retain significant significance when all factors are included in multifactor logistic regression analysis. This finding suggests that the exposure factor exhibited an independent effect on the outcome after controlling for other factors, including the potential confounding effects that may have been underestimated. Through ROC curves, we found that SA and TPSA levels are more powerful predictors. In contrast, there is a lack of excellent predictive value for PCA and CSPCa using Age, AFU, FIB, and FPSA. In our study, serum biochemical index is a potential prediction tool for PCa and CSPCa for patients with PSA values between 4 and 20 ng/mL. Additionally, the new serum biochemical index SA is also useful when diagnosing PCa and CSPCa, as we conclude in our study.

Correlation between Serum Sialic Acid, Serum Lipids, Cardiac Troponin I and Myoglobin among Women on Combined Oral Contraceptives

Background: Women using combined oral contraceptives have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While the utility of biomarkers such as serum lipids have been well evaluated, serum sialic acid, which has shown some promise as a marker of cardiovascular disease progression has been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine the correlation between sialic acid and lipid profile as risk factors of cardiovascular disease in women on combined oral contraceptives. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 143 women on combined oral contraceptive pill as the study group and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum levels of Total Sialic Acid (TSA), lipids, and some cardiac biomarkers (Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin-I) were measured, summarized as mean (±SD) and compared. Correlation between serum level of sialic acid and each of the measured serum lipid component was subsequently determined using correlation analysis. Results: Sialic acid (1.070±0.117 vs 0.837±0.272), Total cholesterol (3.944±0.918 vs 3.106±0.635), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.408±1.085 vs 1.088±0.392), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.049±0.421 vs 0.902±0.542) &amp; Triglycerides (1.620±0.703 vs 1.052±0.514) were all significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in the combined oral contraceptive group than controls respectively. Sialic acid demonstrated a weak but positive correlation with Myoglobin (r= +0.403), Creatine kinase-MB (r= +0.441) and Troponin-I (r= +0.424). While TGs and sialic acid were shown to have a very weakly positive association (r= +0.089), TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C all had very weakly negative correlations (r= -0.136, -0.146, and -0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptives use confers an artherogenic lipid profile imparting a positive cardiovascular disease risk. Although sialic acid is significantly higher among combined oral contraceptive users and shows a positive relationship with cardiac biomarkers, it correlates poorly with serum lipids suggesting its limited utility as a CVD marker.

Study of serum hormones and sialic acid levels of non-responsive infertile hyperprolactinemic women to medical therapy

جريت الدراسة على (56) امرأة مصابة بالعقم بسبب فرط برولاكتين الدم الذين يفشلون في الاستجابة للعلاج الطبي بعمر (20-35) سنة ، و (30). تم إجراء النساء السويبرولاكتين كعنصر تحكم. كان المرضى مقسمة على نوعين من العلاجات ، على النحو التالي = المجموعة الأولى تتكون من المرضى الذين عولجوا بروموكريبتين وحده ، تم تناول 5 ملغ من الدواء عن طريق الفم لمدة 10 أيام المجموعة الثانية كانت من المرضى الذين عولجوا مع 5 ملغ من بروموكريبتين مع 50 ملغ من عقار كلوميفين ، تم تناول الأدوية عن طريق الفم لمدة 5 أيام على التوالي. تم قياس هرمونات المصل وحمض السياليك وأظهرت النتائج أن مستويات PRL و SA كانت أعلى بشكل ملحوظ (P &lt;0.0 5) في كلا المجموعتين 1 و 2 مقارنة بالتحكم ، بينما لا يوجد فرق (p &lt;0.0 5) في FSH و مستويات LH لكلا المجموعتين 1 و 2 مقارنة مع السيطرة ، باستثناء مستويات LH كانت أعلى في المجموعة 2 مقابل المجموعة 1 والسيطرة.

Risk factors and postnatal biomarkers for acute placental inflammatory lesions and intrauterine infections in preterm infants

The purpose of this study is to explore risk factors of acute placental inflammatory lesions and the potential postnatal serum biomarkers for predicting the severity of intrauterine infection in preterm infants. We performed a retrospective analysis of premature infants with or without acute placental inflammatory lesions and their mothers by chart review for clinical data and placental histopathology. The preterm infants with acute placental inflammatory lesions had a higher rate of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), a longer duration of PROM, and a higher level of serum sialic acid (SIA) than those of the non-inflammation group (all p < 0.001). According to the different inflammatory histological structures, preterm infants with funisitis had a dominant longer duration of PROM than others (p < 0.05), and their gestational age was youngest among all the infants (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they had the highest content of serum SIA above other groups. The preterm infants in the acute histological chorioamnionitis group showed a similar trend of clinical manifestation and laboratory parameters with the funisitis group. Moreover, the closer the placental lesions were to the fetus, the lower the gestational age of preterm infants was, and the higher the serum SIA content was.Conclusion: We utilized a simple and precise anatomically category method of placental inflammatory histopathology for pediatricians to distinguish the extent of fetal inflammatory response for representing early-onset infectious diseases of preterm infants. SIA might be one of the potential early-stage serum biomarkers to reflect the severe intrauterine infections and could guide the postnatal anti-infection treatment.What is Known:• Acute placental inflammatory lesion contributes to preterm birth and a series of complications in preterm infants.• C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in neonatal blood can be used as biomarkers for potential early-onset sepsis, but they are influenced by the postnatal physiological changes of preterm infants.What is New:• The value of serum sialic acids of preterm infants within 1-hour afterbirth may be one of the rapid postnatal biomarkers for evaluating the severity of intra-amniotic infection.• The closer the placental lesions are to the fetus, the higher the content of serum sialic acid is.

Elevated Serum Sialic Acid Levels May be Associated With Diabetes Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ghana.

This study determined the association between serum sialic acid (SSA) and metabolic risk factors in Ghanaian Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with and without micro vascular complications. This cross-sectional study recruited 150 T2DM out-patients visiting the diabetic Clinic at the Tema General Hospital, Ghana. Fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), SSA and C-Reactive Protein. SSA levels were significantly higher in diabetics with retinopathy (210.12 ± 85.09mg/dl) compared with those with nephropathy and those without complication (p-value= 0.005). Body adiposity index (BAI) (r= -0.419, p-value = 0.037) and Triglyceride (r= -0.576, p-value = 0.003), had a moderate negative correlation with SSA levels. In a One-Way Analysis of Covariance (Adjusted for TG and BAI), SSA could distinguish between diabetics with retinopathy and those without complications (p-value = 0.004) but not nephropathy (p-value = 0.099). Within group linear regression analysis showed that Elevated serum sialic acid was found in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathic micro-vascular complications. Therefore, estimation of sialic acid levels may help with the early prediction and prevention of microvascular complications occurring due to diabetes, thereby decreasing the mortality and morbidity.

Estimation of Serum Sialic Acid in the Patients of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading cause of morbidity &amp; mortality all over the world. The poor glycemic control in the patients of type-II diabetes mellitus can lead the development of complications which cause the morbidity in the life of diabetic population. The aim of this study was to estimate the serum sialic acid in the patients of type- II diabetes for early prediction of diabetic complications. Methodology: This case comparative study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic of LUMHS Jamshoro with the collaboration of the Department of Biochemistry at LUMHS. A total of 84 diagnosed cases of type-II Diabetes Mellitus were included in this study. In group A, 40 diabetes mellitus cases were diagnosed with a history of diabetes less than five years, while in group B 44 had histories of diabetes over ten years. Spectrophotometers were used to measure serum sialic acid levels using Ehrlich's reagent. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis with independent student t tests applied. Results: The mean serum sialic acid level of group A was 56.42 ± 5.67 mg/dl, while serum sialic acid level of group B was 69.88 ± 7.34 mg/dl. There was significant (p&lt;0.05) increased level of serum sialic acid in the type-II diabetic patients of group B, which indicate there is more chance to development of micro vascular complications in type-II diabetic patients with prolong duration for their diseases period. Conclusion: Estimation of serum sialic acid in the patients of type-II diabetes mellitus is one of the early predictive marker for the complications of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Type-II Diabetes Mellitus, Serum Sialic Acid, Estimation, HBA1C

The Serum Total and Lipid-Bound Sialic Acid with Hematological-Biochemical Parameter Levels in Dogs with Dirofilariosis

The present study was planned to investigate the potential changes in the levels of serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) and hematological-biochemical parameters in the dogs naturally infected by Dirofilaria immitis. The patient group included the 7 dogs clinically and parasitologically (Modified Knott and PCR) diagnosed with Dirofilaria immitis while 7 healthy dogs were assigned as the control group. The biochemical parameters, blood gas parameters and hematological parameters were tested in the blood samples taken properly according to the guidelines from all the study animals using modular auto-analyser, blood gas analyser and automated blood count devices, respectively. Serum TSA and LSA levels were measured spectrophotometrically using Sydow and Katapodis methods, respectively. Compared with the healthy group, the dogs diagnosed with dirofilariosis were found to have significantly increased levels of serum troponin, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL, BUN, urea and creatinine and enzymatic activities of CK-MB, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH, and statistically significantly decreased levels of cholesterol and HDL (p&lt;0.05). The increases in levels of total protein and total bilirubin, and enzymatic activity of CK were found statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). A significantly decreased level of RBC and a significantly increased level of WBC was determined in the dogs with dirofilariosis (p&lt;0.05). The decreases in the levels of Hct and Hb were found statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). The differential blood count test of the dogs with dirofilariosis indicated statistically significantly increased eosinophil count (p&lt;0.05). The increases in the neutrophil and basophil counts, and the decreases in the lymphocyte and monocyte counts were detected to be statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). In the dogs with dirofilariosis, the decreases in the levels of pCO2, HCO3 and BE as the venous blood gas parameters were detected to be statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). The decreases in the levels of pH and pO2 were determined to be insignificant (p&gt;0.05). The levels of serum TSA and LSA of the dogs with dirofilariosis were found statistically significantly higher than the healthy group (p&lt;0.05). As a conclusion, statistically significant differences were identified between the dogs with dirofilariosis and healthy dogs in terms of sialic acid levels and certain biochemical, venous blood gas and hematological parameters. On the other hand, the present study is the first to investigate the serum sialic acid levels in the dogs with dirofilariosis.

IDF21-0217 Sialidase and sialyltransferase activities are modulated in some organs of type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus leads to an aberrant metabolism of sialoglycoconjugates. One of the main features of the pathophysiology of diabetes is elevated serum level of free sialic acids. The source of serum free sialic acid during diabetes is debatable, although the contribution of endothelial damage has been recognised. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the level of sialic acids and activities of sialidase and sialyltranferase in the serum and some diabetes-related organs in animal model of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Method: Both types of diabetes induced in albino rats using high and low dose streptozotocin respectively. The level of sialic acid and activities of sialidase and sialyltransferase were measured in the serum, liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle and kidney of the diabetic rats and matching controls at early (3rd week) and late (9th week) phases of the diseases. Results: Serum sialic acid level and sialidase activity were significantly elevated at late stage of both T1D and T2D. The activity of sialyltransferase was not significantly changed in the diabetic animals compared to the non-diabetic controls. The total sialic acid content of the pancreas and kidney significantly increased from the early phase of both T1D and T2D to the late phase. On the other hand, the sialic acid content of the liver significantly decreased in the early phase of T2D and the late phase of T1D.The sialic acid content of the skeletal muscle significantly increased in the late phase of both diabetes types. In the early phase of both T1D and T2D, sialidase activity significantly increased in most of the organs whereas sialyltransfease activity was unchanged. A multiple regression analysis revealed the contribution of the liver to the serum level of sialic acid and the contribution of the pancreas and kidney to the serum activity of sialidase. Discussion: It was concluded that the released of sialic acid from the liver and sialidase from the pancreas and kidney may contribute to the increased serum level of sialic acid during diabetes.

IDF21-0172 The Expression Level of UDP-GlcNAc epimerase/ManNAc kinase in some Organs of Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Background: Aspects of glycobiology have been linked to the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus as sialic acids and its metabolic enzymes are associated with the disease. Aim: The present study was conducted to monitor the expression pattern of UDP-GlcNAc epimerase/ ManNAc kinase (GNE) gene (rate limiting enzyme for sialic acid biosynthesis) in selected organs or type 2 diabetic animals to provide insights into the course of increased serum sialic acids in diabetes. Method: Type 2 diabetes was induced using streptozotocin-fructose model and after 8 weeks, the mRNA expression levels of GNE gene was analysed in liver, brain, kidney, colon, spleen and pancreas of the animals, using quantitative PCR. Results: Decrease in body weight of the diabetic rats with high fluid and feed intakes were observed. Glycemia was significantly (p<0.05) above 300 mg/dL for the 8-week progression of the diabetic phase. The diabetic rats had a significantly (p<0.05) increased level (8.2 mg/ml) of serum sialic acid compared to normal rats (3.5 mg/ml). Furthermore, sialic acid level was elevated in the studied tissues with significant (p<0.05) difference in the colon, duodenum, kidney, liver and spleen of diabetic rats. However, the expression of GNE gene was decreased in the colon but increased in the pancreas (1.8-fold) of the diabetic rats while the expression level in the other tissues was not profoundly affected. Discussion: In conclusion, the impaired feedback inhibition mechanism of GNE gene may be associated to the increase in sialylation.

Relationship between serum sialic acid levels and prolidase activity with airflow obstruction in patients with COPD.

Our aim in this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of sialic acid (SA) and prolidase activity and to evaluate the association between airflow obstruction severity and these parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Ninety-four patients (84 M, 10 F) and 34 healthy subjects (19 M, 15 F) were included into the study. COPD staging was performed to COPD patients according to new global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease criteria which includes pulmonary function tests, symptoms and hospitalization; COPD patients were divided into 4 subgroups as group A (n = 25), group B (n = 19), group C (n = 20), and group D (n = 28).SA and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher than the control group in all COPD groups. SA levels were significantly higher in group B patients than the control and group A. Prolidase activity was significantly lower than control group in total COPD groups (P < .05). There was a weak negative correlation between SA and forced vital capacity (r = -0.217, P = .038) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r = -0.210, P = .045), whereas weak positive correlation was present between SA and Creactive protein (r = 0.247, P = .018) in all patient groups. There was weak positive correlation between prolidase and FEV1 (r = 0.222, P = .033) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (r = 0.230, P = .027).Our study shows that systemic inflammation, prolidase activity, and SA levels in stable COPD patients are associated with airflow obstruction severity. In addition to the prolidase activity; SA levels might be associated with inflammation.

Sialic Acid as a Suitable Marker of Clinical Disease Activity in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Elevated serum levels of sialic acid (SA) have been verified in patients with various inflammatory conditions. The association between the Crohn's disease (CD) activity and serum SA has been insufficiently studied. Serum SA concentrations were determined using an enzymatic colorimetric assay method, and the correlation of SA with the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) and other inflammation activity markers was evaluated using the Spearman correlation. The predictive value of SA in estimating CD disease activity was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic. The SA levels were positively correlated with HBI and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The correlation of SA with the HBI was superior to that of CRP with the HBI. The area under the curve for SA was higher than that for CRP, with an optimal cutoff value of 53.14 mg/dL for active CD. Serum SA correlates with the HBI score better and has better predictive value in monitoring CD disease activity than CRP or other inflammatory markers.

Variations in the Serum Sialic Acid Profiles of Malaria Patients in Zaria, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Understanding some variations in specialized molecules during malaria could facilitate adequate monitoring of patients and reduce the fatalities caused by the disease. The present study reports changes in the levels of free serum sialic acid (FSSA) among Plasmodium-infected individuals in Zaria, Nigeria, in a cross-sectional study with 170 individuals. The FSSA and total sialic acid (TSA) in the blood were determined using the thiobarbituric acid method and the white blood cells (WBC) count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volumes were assessed using an automated haematological analyser. The results showed that, in the patients aged > 5years the level of TSA was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) compared to apparently healthy age-matched controls whereas TSA was slightly lower in patients aged < 5years compared to controls. The ratio of FSSA to TSA was not different between patients aged > 5years compared to their age-matched controls whereas FSSA/TSA was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in patients aged < 5years compared to their aged-matched controls. The level of FSSA/TSA in the patients aged < 5years was not correlated with parasite density, white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration or packed cell volume. We concluded that, metabolism and/or physiology of serum sialo-glycoconjugates is affected by malaria and FSSA is mainly elevated in children < 5years of age but not among older patients suggesting the possible usefulness of FSSA in the analysis of uncomplicated malaria in under five children.

Association between Serum Sialic Acid Levels and Disease Severity in Psoriasis: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease distributed worldwide with varying prevalence among different geographical areas and ethnic groups. It has been recently found that oxidative stress is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The varied effects of oxidative stress include changes in cellular uptake, altered enzymatic activity of proteins, increased predisposition to aggregation and proteolysis, which subsequently alter their immunogenicity. Sialic Acid (SA) is an acetylated derivative of neuramic acid. It is a marker for acute phase inflammatory response, with increased levels observed in inflammatory diseases. Aim: To estimate the levels of SA in psoriasis patients and to correlate with the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 50 patients, diagnosed with psoriasis, and 50 age and sex-matched subjects without psoriasis. General, systemic and dermatological examination was carried out. The severity of psoriasis was assessed according to Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). The serum was treated with ethanol and centrifugation to precipitate proteins. The SA of both the precipitate and supernatant was estimated based on the reaction of SA with the ninhydrin reagent. Calculation of sialic acid was done by the formula: OD of test/ OD of standard x Concentration of the standard. To establish a correlation student’s t-test was used. Results: There were 39 males and 11 females in each case and control group. The mean±SD age of cases and controls was 44.04±10.9 years and 44.10±9.996, respectively. The mean PASI value was 23.1666 ± 18.47. Mean SA in cases and controls were 35.792±2.124 and 28.556±3.854 (p-values &lt;0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the free SA and psoriasis severity (p-value &lt;0.001, r = 0.460). Conclusion: Higher levels of free serum SA were significantly associated with more severe forms of psoriasis.

Histological and Biochemical Evaluation of the Effect of Desloratadine Drug in Parotid Gland Tissues

Background: The functional deterioration of salivary glands is a consequence of a wide range of factors and significantly interfered with life quality. Desloratadine (an antihistamine) is among the drugs listed to cause dry mouth; however, its effect on major salivary gland tissues has not been well studied. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of desloratadine treatment on parotid gland tissues, histological features, and their impact on serum oxidative and antioxidant markers. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups (each containing ten rats). Group A: control rats. Group B and C have received desloratadine at dose 0.142 and 0.245 mg/kg of body weight respectively for three weeks. After three weeks, serum levels of sialic acid, malondialdehyde, catalase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, creatin kinase, and glutathione were estimated for three groups. Then, animals were sacrificed and five µm formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were prepared routinely from parotid glands for histological evaluation under light microscope. Results: The histological evaluation of salivary gland tissues in both treated-groups was revealed a remarkable cytoplasmic vacuolization, atrophy, and degranulation in acinic cells. The serous acinar cells were showed autolysis and nuclear changes (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis). There was an increase in the interstitial spaces between each parenchymal element associated with few mononuclear cell infiltrations. The intra-lobular ducts were reduced in size and were indistinct throughout lobes. The severe changes were associated with higher desloratadine dose. Regarding biochemical analysis, the treated-groups had significantly increased serum levels of malondialdehyde, sialic acid, lactate dehydrogenase and creatin kinase, and significantly reduced serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. Conclusions: Desloratadine administration produces noticeable histological changes in a dose-dependent manner associated with increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidative activity.

Effects of Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Serum and Tissue Sialic Acid Levels in Experimental Fluorosis

In this study, the effect of chitosan (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on serum and tissue (liver, kidney, brain and testis) total sialic acid (TSA) level was investigated in rats with experimental fluorosis. The groups were formed as control, sodium fluoride (NaF), NaF+chitosan (NaF+CH), NaF+chitosan oligosaccharide (NaF+COS), chitosan (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). Drinking water of NaF groups was prepared at a concentration of 100 ppm sodium fluoride. Chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide were given to Experimental groups as 250 mg/kg dose by gastric gavage for ninety days. At the end of the study, TSA level was determined in serum, liver, kidney, brain and testicular tissues. Compared with the control group, it was found that TSA levels increased in serum, liver, kidney, brain and testis tissues in the group treated with sodium fluoride (p&amp;lt;0.05). According to the NaF group, there was a significant decrease in serum levels in the NaF+CH group and in the serum, liver and kidney tissues in the NaF+COS group. It was determined that there was no difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of brain tissue sialic acid level (p&amp;gt;0.05). In conclusion, it can be thought that fluorine intoxication causes an increase in TSA levels by causing cell damage in serum and tissues. In the study presented, CH and COS have been shown to reduce TSA levels. Also, in this study, COS was found to be more effective in reducing the TSA level.