Serum Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Research Articles

Evaluation of The Hepatoprotective Effect of Plantago major Extract in A Rifampicin-Isoniazid Induced Hepatitis Rat Model

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient human disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which affects the lungs, making pulmonary disease the most common presentation. Herbal medicine began to be developed as hepatoprotection. The hepatoprotection effects of Plantago major extract on serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), liver tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological changes were evaluated in rifampicin and isoniazid-induced hepatitis rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Group I received 1 % PGA, with hepatitis induced in the remaining groups by rifampicin and isoniazid 50 mg/kg BW/day, group II was only given rifampicin and isoniazid, group III was given curcuma 10.8 mg/kg BW/day and groups IV (PM1), V (PM2), and VI (PM3) were given Plantago major extract at a dose of 20.3, 40.5, and 81 mg/kg BW/day, respectively. The rats were treated for 28 days. Administration of Plantago major extract (20.3 and 40.5 mg/kg BW/day) inhibited the elevation of serum SGPT and MDA levels, with less portal inflammation than the negative control group. The rats treated with the higher dose of 81 mg/kg BW/day had serum SGPT, MDA, and percentage portal inflammation equivalent to the negative control group. The Plantago major extract at a dose of 20.3 and 40.5 mg/kg BW can inhibit the elevated serum SGPT. Plantago major extract exerts dose-dependent hepatoprotection effects in a rifampicin-isoniazid induced hepatitis rat model by reducing elevated levels of SGPT, liver tissue MDA, as well as the percentage of portal inflammation. HIGHLIGHTS To the knowledge of the authors, there has been no comprehensive work dedicated to antituberculosis drugs The administration of Plantago major extract showed hepatoprotector effects, as evidenced by the inhibition of elevated levels of SGPT, MDA, and a lower percentage of portal inflammation than the negative controls Plantago major extract can be used as herbal medicine that can be juxtaposed with the main drug in TB patients GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Palm Oils Consumption Modulates Serum SGPT and SGOT in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

In this study we investigated the effect of three kinds of palm oil product (refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO), red palm oil (RPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO)) on the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and liver color of rats in fed high-fat diet, and compare it with beef tallow and corn oil. Growing male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet (20% fat) for 13 weeks, divided into 2 groups (with and without azoxymethane (AOM)). Dietary corn oil showed the lowest serum SGOT and SGPT (p < 0.05) both in the AOM and Non-AOM groups. Beef tallow diet caused the highest level of serum SGOT and SGPT followed by PKO, RPO, and RBDPO respectively (p < 0.05). The serum SGOT and SGPT were not affected by the AOM treatment. Although the liver color from the AOM group was relatively darker than the non-AOM group, in general the fat sources did not have a significant effect on liver color.

Protective effects of pretreatment or concomitant treatment with Hypericum extract on renal function and renal toxicity in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Introduction: Cisplatin is a strong anticancer medicine, but its use is limited due to the potential nephrotoxicity induction. Objectives: The present study seeks to determine the impact of Hypericum hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male rats were assigned to groups 1 to 4. Group 1, control (Cont); treated by saline (IP). Group 2, Cis; cisplatin [intraperitoneal (IP), 7.5 mg/kg]. Group 3, CisH; cisplatin + Hypericum (70 mg/kg, IP, for one week). Group 4, HCis; first treated with Hypericum for a week, followed by cisplatin. Renal tissue and blood samples were obtained a week after cisplatin injection for tissue assay and biochemical analysis. Kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), plasma creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured. Results: Kidney weight showed significant differences between the treated groups and the Cont group (P<0.001). Serum BUN, Cr, SGOT, and SGPT increased significantly in Cont (P<0.01). BUN decreased in CisH and HCis groups compared to Cis group, although there was no significant difference. Serum Cr, SGOT, and SGPT decreased significantly in CisH and HCis groups compared to the Cis group (P<0.05). MDA and KTDS increased in the Cis group and decreased significantly in the CisH and HCis groups compared to the Cis group (P<0.05). Serum SOD and CAT decreased significantly in Cis compared to Cont (P<0.05) and increased in CisH and HCis groups compared to Cis. There was no significant difference between the CisH and HCis groups in any of the measured parameters. Conclusion: This study reveals that pretreatment with Hypericum extract or its concomitant administration with cisplatin can moderate the side-effects of cisplatin, improve renal function and decrease lipid peroxidation, renal toxicity and the KTDS.

Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment. RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.

Biochemical parameters of mild, moderate & severe COVID-19 patients

Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of people world-wide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2(SARS-CoV-2). The laboratory findings are very important to assess the progress of the disease. The present study is aimed to discuss the biochemical parameters among mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study were conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2020 to December 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance, a total of 100 real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 positive patients were selected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. With all aseptic precautions, 10 ml of venous blood was collected from ante-cubital vein. D-dimer, prothrombin time, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum ferritin, random blood glucose (RBG), serum creatinine, serum glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase (SGPT) and serum albumin measured in the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. CRP was measured by Immunoturbidimetric method, serum ferritin was estimated by Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. STA-neoplastine CI plus used with STA-R analyzer was used for determination of prothrombin time. D-dimer was estimated by Immunofluorescence Assay method. Serum LDH is measured by Dimention clinical chemistry system, serum albumin is measured by bromocresol purple dye binding method, serum creatinine is measured by Jaffe alkaline picrate method and serum SGPT is measured by colourmetric (IFCC 1980) method and RBG is measured by enzymatic colorimetric method (GOD-PAP). Data were recorded in a pre-designed structured data collection form. For statistical analysis, ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test, Chi square test, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient test was performed as applicable using SPSS for windows version 25.0. Results: By analyzing biochemical parameters of mild, moderate and severe RT-PCR positive 100 COVID-19 patients revealed evaluation of biochemical parameters shows severity of the disease was significantly associated with CRP, SGPT, S. Creatinine, LDH, Ferritin, D-dimer & Prothrombin time. No significant association was found with RBG & S. Albumin. Bonferroni correction following ANOVA was performed to compare between each group. Spearman’s correlation reveals statistically significant strong positive correlation with CRP, Ferritin & D-dimer, moderate positive correlation with S. Creatinine, LDH and mild positive correlation with SGPT & Prothrombin time. Conclusion: This study showed D-dimer, prothrombin time, CRP, LDH, ferritin, serum creatinine and SGPT are significantly associated with the severity of the illness that is higher in severe group in comparison to mild and moderate groups. So, comprehensive analysis of the biochemical parameters will be very helpful for early identification & better management of severe disease.

The effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats: Alternative medicine and the role of physician and nurse

Introduction: Both watermelon and Persian melon extracts have various pharmacological properties like anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-urolithiasis effects. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Wister rats were randomly divided into seven groups and treated for 28 days. The first group (healthy control) and the second group (negative control) received drinking water and water containing 1% ethylene glycol, respectively. The third and fourth groups, received 100 mg/kg/d hydroalcoholic extract of watermelon rind and Persian melon rind, respectively in addition to 1% ethylene glycol. The fifth and sixth groups, received 400 mg/kg/d hydroalcoholic extract of watermelon rind and Persian melon rind, respectively in addition to 1% ethylene glycol. The seventh group received 0.5 mEq/kg/d potassium citrate in addition to 1% ethylene glycol for prevention and treatment of kidney stone. A 24-hour urine collection was conducted to determine the levels of sodium, calcium, uric acid, oxalate and citrate concentration. Histological study of calcium oxalate crystals was also performed. The serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of blood were determined accordingly. Results: In the present study, administration of high-dose extract of watermelon and Persian melon rind (400 mg/kg/d) and potassium citrate showed significant changes in variables of sodium, calcium, uric acid, citrate, urine volume (P<0.01), blood creatinine, blood uric acid, blood calcium, and serum SGPT (P<0.05). The histological study of calcium oxalate crystals showed a significant reduction in oxalate levels in all prevention groups. Conclusion: The extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind are effective in preventing calcium oxalate stones by decreasing the levels of oxalate, sodium, and calcium and increasing citrate levels and urine volume and affecting the total antioxidant capacity. Persian melon rind extract was more effective than potassium citrate and watermelon rind extract in reducing urine sodium. High-dose watermelon rind extract showed similar effects as potassium citrate.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK ASHITABA TERHADAP KADAR SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE DAN SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE PADA TIKUS DENGAN LUKA BAKAR

Background: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) are increased in tissue damage. Ashitaba contains many compounds that can reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels.
 Objective: This study was proposed to prove that giving Ashitaba extract could reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels in rats exposed to burn injury.
 Methods: This study used a posttest only control group design with 20 rats as samples. All research samples were treated with second-degree burns and were divided into 2 different groups, the treatment group (given Ashitaba extract 300 mg /kg BW) and the control group. The blood serum was analyzed for SGOT and SGPT test on the 2nd, 8th, and 14th days. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test used to analyze the levels of serum SGOT and SGPT.
 Results: There was no significant difference in serum SGOT and SGPT levels between the control and treatment groups on the 2nd, 8th, and 14th days
 Conclusion: Ashitaba extract could not reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels in rats exposed to burn injury.

The Correlation Between Serum Ferritin and Liver Function in Children with Thalassemia Mayor

Background: Iron overload in thalassemia major patients required regular blood transfusions due to ineffective erythropoiesis. Iron overload is a common chronic complication caused by increased iron absorption. Iron in the body will bind to ferritin. As the main iron storage in the body is in the liver, the iron overload will cause liver damage that reflects in high Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. This study will describe the relationship between serum ferritin and Serum SGOT and SGPT level so that it can be used as a marker of high iron levels in the body. Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design which carried out in the Hemato-Oncology Division of H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan November ? December 2019. A total of 30 thalassemia major patients who were fulfilled the inclusions criteria were taken by consecutive sampling and were tested for serum ferritin, SGOT, and SGPT level. Results: Of the 30 samples, 43.3% of the subjects were male and 46.7% of the children suffering from malnutrition. The median number of transfusions was 93 times (40 - 202), the mean serum ferritin level was 1422 mcg / L (285 - 3441), the mean SGOT level was 35 U / L (11 - 167), and the mean SGPT level was 28 U / L (6 - 268). The relationship between the number of transfusions and ferritin levels, SGOT and SGPT level were r 0.102; p: 0.592, r 0.162; p: 0.932, r 0.134; p 0.481. In addition, the relationship between serum ferritin levels and SGOT and SGPT were r 0.285; p 0.127, r 0.274; p 0.142, respectively. Conclusion: There was no relationship between serum ferritin and liver function in thalassemia major.

Nagapashana Pishti - A Potent Cardio Tonic

Nagapashana (Serpentine), a hydrous silicate of Magnesium (Mg6 (Sio10) OH8), is an important mineral drug used in Ayurveda, often in the form of Pishti (fine powder of Nagapashana). It is a Hrudya Dravya (cardiotonic). It is particularly indicated in Hrud Dourbalyaa, a condition associated with weakness of cardiac muscles. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cardio tonic activity of Nagapashana Pishti on Wistar rats. In the in-vivo study, Doxorubicin (2mg/kg) for 7 days was used to induce cardiac damage and the cardio tonic effect of Nagapashana Pishti at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg.b.w, was compared with standard drug Digoxin. Biochemical assays like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Creatine kinase Monoenzyme B (CKMB) were done together with histopathology of heart tissue and ECG analysis. The in-vivo study revealed that Nagapashana Pishti (300mg/kg) was relatively more effective due to decreased QT and ST interval in ECG, significantly reduced levels of serum CKMB, SGOT, SGPT, TC and LDH and improvement in myocardial tissue.

Magnesium Sulfate Administration in Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients Improves Atherosclerotic Risk Factors: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study.

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is known to promote vascular and cardiac dysfunctions such as atherosclerosis. This study investigated the effect of oral MgSO4 therapy to improve lipid profile and serum oxidized LDL level and its receptor (LOX1) in moderate coronary atherosclerotic patients. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study, 64 patients with moderate coronary artery disease were selected according to angiography findings. Participants were divided into 2 groups including Mg-treated (n = 32) and placebo (n = 32) The patients received either placebo or MgSO4 supplement capsule, containing 300 mg MgSO4 for 6 months on a daily basis. Lipid profile, HbA1c, 2h postprandial (2hpp) blood glucose, fasting blood sugar, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and lectin-like ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX1) concentrations were measured at baseline and every 3 months. HbA1c, serum LOX1, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly lower in the Mg-treated group than the placebo group 3 months after MgSO4 administration. 2hpp, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SGPT, SGOT levels, and HbA1c levels significantly improved in the Mg-treated group compared with the placebo-received group. Overall, the results of this study showed that magnesium treatment improved some of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis. According to the results of liver function tests (SGOT and SGPT), magnesium therapy seems to be safe in patients with moderate atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, it is suggested that magnesium to be used along with other atherosclerosis control drugs.

Effects of Kersen leaves extract (Muntingia calabura L.) on SGOT and SGPT levels of soft drink induced mice

This study aimed to analyse the antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoids of kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) extract (KLE) and determine the hepatoprotective activity of KLE in soft drink induced mice. Soft drinks induction causes liver injuries which increases the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels. Mice were divided into five treatment groups (n=5) and were given Tween 80 (1%) (normal control), Tween 80 (1%) and 7 ml soft drinks (negative control), KLE (1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg), and 7 ml soft drinks per oral once daily for 4 weeks. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed by Folin-ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) method. The blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The result showed that the KLE antioxidant activity were 11.11+0.50 ppm. Total phenols and flavonoids detected in the KLE samples were 2.19+0.12 mgGAE/g and 2.43+0.24 mgQE/g respectively. Mice treated with KLE had a significantly lower (p<0.05) serum SGOT and SGPT levels than negative control group. In conclusion, KLE has a potential hepatoprotective activity that works in synergy with its antioxidant activity.

Therapeutic role of calcium and vitamin K3 in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis – new tools for cancer treatment

HCC has been reported to be immensely occurring carcinoma worldwide. Recent days the mortality occurred due to liver cancer has also been found to be increased at an alarming speed affecting mostly the young patients. The aim of the current study was to decipher the role of calcium and vitamin K3 in the treatment of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the male Wistar rats. Liver cancer was induced via a subnecrogenic dose of 160 mg/kg body weight, diethylnitrosamine (DENA) when associated with fasting/refeeding in male Wistar rats. It elevated the serum glutamate oxaloacetate (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed marked carcinogenicity of the chemical carcinogen. Food, water intake and animal weights were also assessed, respectively. The animals exposed to DENA showed a significant decrease in the body weight. The elevated levels of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, AFP, TC and TG were restored by administration of calcium and Vit K (ad libitum) combination at higher dose than the normal dietary requirement (3 mg/kg) daily for 12 weeks p.o. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin K3 combination in the animals exposed to DENA. The results deciphered the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin K3 in combination.

Effect of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract on glutathione-S-transferase activity in rats

Purpose: To determine the effect of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract on glutathione-S-trasferase (GST) activity and its hepatoprotective effect.Methods: A total of 25 rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (5 rats per group). Group I served as the baseline, group II was the negative control group, while groups III, IV and V were treated with rosella extract at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg /kg /day, respectively for 35 days. On day 36, the animals were given a single dose of dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) orally. After one week, blood was taken from the sinus orbitalis for measurement of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) activities by a kinetic method with DIasys® kit. The activity of GST was measured in liver homogenate using 1-choloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) method, while the expression of GST gene was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: Treatment with rosella extract at 10, 50 and 100 mg /kg for 35 days led to significant increasesin GST activity relative to the control group. In addition, serum SGPT and SGOT activities were significantly decreased. There were significant increases in the expression of GST gene as evidenced by increased GST band intensity.Conclusion: These results indicate that rosella possesses significant hepatoprotective effect against hepatic injury caused by DMBA treatment. Thus, rosella may be useful for the prevention of oxidative stress caused by free radicals produced from pollutants and foods.Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa, Rosella, Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutathion-S-transferase (GST)

DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED CHRONIC HEPATOTOXICITY MODEL IN RATS AND ITS APPLICATION IN EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SILYMARIN

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity model in rats and its applicationin evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of silymarin.Methods: Animals were divided into four groups. Three groups were the disease induction group and 4th was the treatment group. In disease inductiongroups, chronic liver injury was induced by administration of CCl4 through intraperitoneal route (1 ml/kg) for 7-8 weeks. For treatment Group, 1 mlsilymarin suspension (orally) and CCl4 was given for 7-8 weeks. During disease induction and treatment period (7-8 weeks), blood samples werecollected and serum was separated which in turn used to analyze liver function tests such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), direct bilirubin, total protein (TP), and albumin (Alb) levels. Along withliver functional tests, tests to check cholesterol, glucose, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also performed. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis was quantifiedby histopathological studies of small portion of the excised liver. Model was validated by repetition of the experiment. Intermediate dissection wascarried out to measure an extent of liver damage.Result: Serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and direct bilirubin were found to be significantly higher in CCl4 intoxicated rats. TP and Alb were decreased, andMDA was found to be significantly higher in CCl4 intoxicated rats, which is the main end product of lipid peroxidation. Whereas in the treatment groupsilymarin improved the liver functions in CCl4 toxicated drug.Conclusion: We conclude that protein oxidation may play a role in the pathogenesis of CCl4 induced liver injury. The accumulation of oxidized proteinsmay be an early indication of CCl4 induced liver damage and silymarin found to be effective in liver injury by inhibiting protein oxidation.

An Association of Serum ferritin and SGPT Level in Transfusion dependent Thalassaemia major Patients-A Cross Sectional Study

Background : The Thalassaemia is an inherited haemoglobulin disorder causes hemolytic anemia which usually requires life-long blood transfusion therapy. Therefore transfusion dependent thalassaemia major patients suffer from the effect of deposition of excess iron in the liver, heart and endocrine glands.Objective : The aim of present study was to find out the association of serum ferritin and SGPT in transfusion dependent thalassaemia major patient.Methodology : This cross sectional study was carried out in Day care unit (DCU) of Transfusion Medicine department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during January 2014 to December 2014. Total of 110 clinically diagnosed Thalassaemia major (TM) between (5-35 years) cases of either sex from the above mentioned department attending the DCU were selected purposively for this study. Data were collected on clinical examination findings, laboratory investigations, ABO and Rh Blood Group, Serum ferritin and SGPT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) after taking informed consent.Results : The following observations and results were obtained in this study. The mean age was found 17.15±8.77 years with range from 5 to 35 years and male to female ratio was 1.2:1 (male 59 and female 51). Sixty eight (68.0%) patients came from rural area, 43.6% patients were student, 77.3% patients had completed primary education, 57.3% of the patients came from middle class family and 72.7% patients were unmarried. About 46.4% of the patients had moderate anaemia, 28.2% had jaundice, 79.1% had hepatomegaly, 82.7% had splenomegaly and 30.9% had complication due to iron overload. Mean haemoglobulin (Hb%) was found 6.65±1.63 gm/dl, mean serum ferritin was found 3785±17637 ?g/L and mean SGPT was found 134.8±77.94 U/L. There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.259; p=0.006) between serum ferritin and SGPT.Conclusion : Considering the study result it can be concluded that there is a positive significant correlation between serum ferritin with SGPT level.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 170-173

Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 1,3-Bis[(S)Phenylethyl]Imidazolidine-2-Thione

Enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure thiourea derivative (compound I) has been synthesized in two steps starting from (S)-1-phenylethanamine and 1,2-dibromoethane. Compound I was screened for various biochemical parameters including blood glucose level, serum total cholesterol level, serum bilirubin and triglyceride levels, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Compound I was also screened for brine shrimp cytotoxicity, antileishmanial and antioxidant activity. Acute toxicity tests in NZW rabbits were performed and the results showed that compound I was safe up to 2 mg/mL/kg rabbit body weight. For the blood parameters, it was found that compound I caused slightly reduced blood glucose level, increased blood serum bilirubin, ALP and SGPT levels, and caused no changes in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Thus, results show that compound I possesses good cytotoxic, poor antileishmanial activity, and no prominent antioxidant activity.

Anti Hypertensive Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Lantana camara leaves on high salt loaded wistar albino rats

Background: Hypertension is the most common and major cardiovascular disease. There is an urgent need for treament of hypertension by exploration of several medicinal plants having potent anti hypertensive activity as the modern medicines are having many side effects. Objective: The study focus on scientific evaluation of antihypertensive activity of ethanolic extract of Lantana camara leaves (EELC) in different experimental models. Material & methods: Antihypertensive activity was conducted on wister albino rats by determining serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), creatinine and Sodium levels by using Semi Autoanalyser and Flame photometer; chick mean arterial blood pressure by using condon’s mercury manometer and isolated frog heart for recording cardic responses using student kymograph. Results: EELC produced negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effect, antagonised by atropine on isolated frog heart. EELC shows dose dependent (p<0.05) decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in anaesthetic chick. Salt treated rats displayed significant (p<0.05) increase in blood level of SGOT, SGPT, Creatinine and sodium, decrease in pottassim levels in comparision with normal rats. Treatment with EELC (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly balanced the ionic levels such as lower the sodium and elevate the potassium levels. Creatinine levels were signifi-cantly (p<0.05) reduced by the treatment with EELC. There are no significant changes occurred in serum SGOT and SGPT upon EELC administration. The present study suggests that treatment of salt hypertensive rats with EELC protects against renal injuries. Conclusion: It was concluded that ethanolic extract of Lantana camara leaves reduces work load of heart, maintain inotonic levels by negative chronotropic effect, relaxes the smooth muscles in chick and salt hypertensive rats against renal and vascular injuries is proved.

Hepatoprotective potential of kumaryasava and its concentrate against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in Wistar rats.

Objective:Kumaryasava (KS) is a marketed Ayurvedic formulation containing Aloe vera as the main ingredient. It has been used widely for the treatment of liver disorders; however, there is a lack of modern scientific data on hepatoprotection. The recommended dose of KS is high and up to 60 mL/day. The present study describes the preparation of new KS concentrate and evaluation of comparative hepatoprotective activity of KS and prepared KS concentrate at one-third of KS dose against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity.Materials and Methods:Animals were divided into different groups (n = 6). The first group received normal saline (control) 1.0 mL/Kg/day p.o. for 10 days. The second group (toxicant) was given normal saline 1.0 mL/Kg/day p.o. for 10 days with CCl4 in olive oil (1:1 v/v) at 1.0 mL/Kg/day p.o. Third, fourth, and fifth groups received KS, KS concentrate and a marketed formulation as standard) at doses of 5.0 mL/Kg/day p.o., 1.6 mL/Kg/day p.o., and 100 mL/Kg/day p.o. (tablet suspended in water using 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose) respectively for 10 days along with CCl4 as given to the toxicant group. On the 11th day, blood was withdrawn from retro-orbital plexus and serum was separated for biochemical estimation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin levels. Later, animals were sacrificed under high dose of anesthesia to remove liver tissue, which were removed and washed with ice cold saline for the estimation of lipid peroxidation. Liver tissue from each group was also fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological analysis.Results:Results demonstrated that both KS and KS concentrate showed the protection against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity. This was evident from the reduction in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP levels, and elevation in serum albumin levels observed post treatment of CCl4 treated rats with KS and KS concentrate, which were supported by histopathological data.Conclusion:KS concentrate can be a useful hepatoprotective formulation which may help in reducing the high dose of KS to approximately one-third of the recommended dose.

Investigation of lipid profile and occular oxidative stress of Chloroxylon swietenia on Streptozotocin‑nicotinamide‑induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Aim: This investigation was designed to study the antidiabetic effect of Ethanolic extract of Chloroxylon swietenia (EECS) in Streptozotocin‑Nicotinamide‑induced type‑II diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: The extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg was given to the overnight‑fasted Wistar albino rats for 14 days and the antidiabetic, lipid profile and ocular oxidative stress in Streptozotocin‑Nicotinamide‑induced diabetic rats were evaluated. The parameters studied were blood glucose, lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high‑density lipoprotein (HDL), low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low‑density lipoprotein (VLDL)], serum enzymes such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), complete blood picture (RBC, haemoglobin, WBC), insulin and liver glycogen levels. The result of test drug was compared with diabetic control. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was selected as standard hypoglycaemic drug. Statistical Analysis: Results were expressed as Mean ± SD. Dunnet’s and one‑way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean values of test groups and diabetic control. Results: Administration of EECS prior to glucose overload resulted significant attenuation in blood sugar level at 60 and 120 min in comparison to glucose control group. The antidiabetic activity of EECS showed significant (P < 0.001) reduction in blood glucose level at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose levels at 14th day. EECS with (250 and 500 mg/kg) also decreased in serum SGOT, SGPT, TG, TC, VLDL‑C, LDL‑C, WBC and TBARS, in diabetic‑induced rats. In addition EECS at (250 and 500 mg/kg) increased liver glycogen, insulin, complete blood picture RBC, haemoglobin, ocular oxidative enzymes CAT, GSH and body weight when compared with diabetic control. Conclusion: The result obtained from the present study revealed the potential anti‑diabetic activity of Ethanolic extract of Chloroxylon swietenia. Key words: Blood glucose, blood profile, Chloroxylon swietenia, diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, liver glycogen, ocular oxidative stress, serum insulin

Antihypercholesterolemic Effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc (Fabaceae) Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Sprague-Dawley Rats

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study evaluated the antihypercholesterolemic effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc extract by examining its effects on food consumption, weight gain, serum lipid profile, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transamianse (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and body fat in rats. Methods: Animals were fed with experimental high-fat diets (HFD) that contain 10% lard plus, 5% corn oil. Food intake and body weight were measured. Serum samples were analyzed for the estimation of lipid profiles and other biochemical parameters by using kits. Results: The consumption of ethanol and water extract of experimental plant for 5 weeks caused the decrease in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) SGOT and SGPT significantly (p < .01), and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly (p < .01). The rat group fed with HFD has shown higher serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, SGOT, SGPT, and lower HDL than in the normal control group (p < .01). Fecal excretion of cholesterol in the ethanol extract-treated groups was significantly higher than those treated with water extract. Body weight in the water extract-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the ethanol extract-treated groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that M. uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc extracts have strong activities against hypercholesterolemia and obesity suggesting a potential usefulness of M. uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc extracts as functional ingredients.