Values Of Serum Parameters Research Articles

Mitigating Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Using a Water-Alcohol Extract of Phellinus caryophylli (Agaricomycetes) in a Murine Model.

This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of a water-alcohol extract of the medicinal mushroom Phellinus caryophylli (Racib.) G. Cunn. (PCE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The mice orally received APAP (150 mg/kg body weight), followed by PCE extract (250 or 500 mg/kg body weight). The liver damage induced by APAP was analyzed on the basis of blood serum parameters (glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), antioxidant assays (reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase), and tissue peroxidation based on malondialdehyde level. The molecular mechanism underlying the prevention of APAP-induced damage by PCE was also analyzed. Liver damage was confirmed on the basis of increased serum parameter values, decreased antioxidant levels, and cellular and molecular alterations, which PCE restored in a dose-dependent manner. At a transcriptional level, PCE downregulated expression of the preapoptototic gene Bax and the inflammatory gene Cox2 but upregulated the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2 in the mice that received APAP. PCE exerted a hepatoprotective effect by preventing apoptotic and inflammatory events caused by APAP. Thus, this study demonstrates a hepatoprotective effect of PCE, which could be explored further for managing hepatopathy.

Red cell distribution width in coronary heart disease: prediction of restenosis and its relationship with inflammatory markers and lipids

BackgroundRed cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with a poor prognosis and adverse events in cardiovascular diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between serum RDW...

Therapeutic effects of Syzygium mundagam bark methanol extract on type-2 diabetic complications in rats

Plants are considered as one of the best sources of diabetic therapy. Being a reliable and sustainable medicinal hub, this study directs the use of Syzygium mundagam in exploring the antidiabetic property. Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced diabetic rats were treated with Syzygium mundagam bark methanol extract (SMBM). Based on acute toxicity study, the doses of the extract were fixed as 100 and 200mg/kg. Glibenclamide was used as reference drug. The blood glucose level and body weight of the rats were monitored for 28days. After the treatment, rats were sacrificed and the blood biochemical, serum and histopathological parameters were analysed. The in vivo antioxidant levels in liver and kidney were also estimated. SMBM extract (200mg/kg) could significantly reduce the blood glucose level from 580.60mg/dL to 237.60mg/dL on day 28. An accelerated reduction in body weight was observed in diabetic control rats and inhibited by the extract during the study. The haematological parameters were normal compared to normal rats. The values of serum parameters like triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were close to the values of normal rats. After the treatment, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione reductase (GR) levels in liver and kidney were found accountable for their antioxidant properties during diabetic condition. The degree of protection set by SMBM extract was clear enough in the histopathology of liver, kidney and pancreas. The phenolic compounds studied in SMBM can be related to these activities. This study proves the ability of Syzygium mundagam to combat the diabetic condition and provides an insight on hidden properties of plants which can be utilized as novel drugs for existing disease complications.

Effect of road transportation on the serum biochemical parameters of cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs.

To determine the effect of long-distance (approximately 600 km) road transportation on the blood biochemistry of laboratory animals, we investigated the changes in serum biochemical parameters in healthy cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs transported by truck from Osaka to Tsukuba, Japan. The concentrations of serum cortisol, total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase in monkeys increased during transportation. Serum cortisol and total bilirubin levels in dogs also increased during transportation, but serum triglyceride decreased. Serum parameter values in truck-transported monkeys and dogs returned to baseline levels within two weeks following arrival. Taken together, these results suggest that a two-week acclimation period is the minimum duration required for adaptation following road transportation.

Assessment of Interleukin‐6 Receptor Inhibition Therapy on Periodontal Condition in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Periodontitis

Overproduction of interleukin (IL)-6 may play a pathologic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). The present study assesses IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibition therapy on the periodontal condition of patients with RA and CP. The study participants were 28 patients with RA and CP during treatment with IL-6R inhibitor, and 27 patients with RA and CP during treatment without IL-6R inhibitor. Periodontal and rheumatologic parameters and serum levels of cytokine and inflammatory markers and immunoglobulin G against periodontopathic bacteria were examined after medication with IL-6R inhibitor for 20.3 months on average (T1) and again 8 weeks later (T2). No differences were observed between the groups in any parameter values at T1, except for serum IL-6 levels. The anti-IL-6R group showed a significantly greater decrease in gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and serum levels of IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 from T1 to T2 than the control group (P <0.05). A significant correlation was found between changes in serum anticyclic citrullinated peptide levels and those in PD and CAL in the anti-IL-6R group (P <0.05), whereas both groups exhibited a significant association between changes in serum MMP-3 levels and those in BOP (P <0.05). Changes in periodontal and serum parameter values were different between the patients with RA and CP during treatment with and without IL-6R inhibitor.

Determination of some normal serum parameters in starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771) during spring season

Hematology can be a useful tool for monitoring health status, detecting illnesses, and following the progress of diseases and responses to therapy. Despite advances in fish medicine in recent years, interpretation of fish hematology is often hampered by lack of meaningful reference values and the bewildering diversity of fish species. Serum samples of 40 Acipenser stellatus fish were analyzed (20 male and 20 female) and their serum parameter values were measured in both sexes. Serum biochemical values were determined (mean ± SEM) for sodium (Na; 149.2 ± 1.917 mmol/l), potassium (K; 2.75 ± 0.097 mmol/l), calcium (Ca; 8.293 ± 0.282 mg/dl), phosphorus (P; 12.39 ± 0.267 mg/dl), glucose (Glc; 166.40 ± 8.264 mg/dl), triglyceride (trig; 699.6 ± 22.94 mg/dl), bilirubin (bilirubin; 0.616 ± 0.0234 mg/dl), total protein (TOP; 2.988 ± 0.0842 g/dl), albumin (Alb; 1.218 ± 0.0415 g/dl), cholesterol (CHO; 238.2 ± 11.24 mg/dl), creatinine (CREA; 0.1085 ± 0.0048 mg/dl), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 15.32 ± 0.5104 mg/dl). The serum values for bilirubin, Na, P, and CREA were significantly higher in females, whereas BUN and Alb were significantly higher in males. The correlations of coefficients between measured parameters were also determined.

Serum lipid, free fatty acid, and proteins in juvenile sturgeons: Acipenser persicus and Acipenser stellatus

Serum biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species such as Acipenser persicus and Acipenser stellatus. Serum samples of 14 juvenile A. persicus and A. stellatus were analyzed and their serum parameter values were determined as mean ± SD in both groups. We compared the levels of phospholipid (26.73–42.79 mmol/L), triglyceride (2.38–2.37 mmol/L), total cholesterol (3.04–3.55 mmol/L), total lipid (32.09–50.11 mmol/L), total protein (32.22–27.78 g/L), albumin (7.25–6.85 g/L), globulin (24.86–20.62 g/L), Alb:Glb ratio (0.39–0.18), glucose (7.45 mmol/L), and free fatty acid (110.25–32.58 mg/L) in the two species. We have shown that there was no difference between groups in terms of any parameters (p > 0.05).

Serum biochemical parameters of Huso huso

Serum biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species such as Huso huso. The values of these parameters can be used for confirming the sex and any changes in the quality of waters and related soils. Serum samples of 15 H. huso fish were analysed and their serum parameter values were determined as mean±SD in both sexes. Age, weight, total length and fork length were the same between groups. We compared the levels of calcium (Ca; 2.13 ± 0.69–2.37 ± 0.38 mmol/l), total protein (TOP; 4.51 ± 1–5.50 ± 0.94 mg/dl), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 1.32 ± 0.23–1.35 ± 0.31 mmol/l), albumin (Alb; 0.88 ± 0.18–1.26 ± 0.29 mg/dl), globulin (Glb; 3.63 ± 0.84–4.5 ± 0.69 mg/dl), uric acid (UA; 1.66 ± 0.18–1.79 ± 0.27 mmol/l), creatinine (CREA; 30.48 ± 4.31–30.48 ± 6.10 mmol/l), phosphorous (P; 2.18 ± 0.38–2.91 ± 0.67 mmol/l), magnesium (Mg; 1.15 ± 0.26–1.51 ± 0.35 mmol/l), glucose (Glc; 3.42 ± 0.84–6.69 ± 1.54 mmol/l), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 4.48 ± 1.82–5 ± 1.04 IU/l) and amylase (156.19 ± 34.07–166.25 ± 64.27-IU/l). We have shown that there were no differences in the Ca, TOP, BUN, UA, CREA, Mg, ALP and amylase between sexes. However, male fish have higher Glc, P, Alb and Glb than females.

Serum biochemical parameters of Acipenser persicus

Serum biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species, such as Acipenser persicus. The values of these parameters can be used for confirming the maturity and for monitoring any changes in the quality of waters and related soils. Serum samples of 44 A. persicus fishes were analyzed and their serum parameter values were determined as Mean+/-SD in four groups: mature males and females and immature males and females, respectively. We compared the levels of calcium (Ca; 1.97 +/- 0.31-2.38 +/- 0.28 mmol/l), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 4.4 +/- 0.54-6.16 +/- 0.63 mmol/l), cholesterol (CHO; 2.55 +/- 0.42-13.51 +/- 0.65 mmol/l), creatinine (CREA; 27.23 +/- 3.5-83.98 +/- 7.5 mmol/l), magnesium (Mg; 2.74 +/- 0.18-3.05 +/- 0.46 mmol/l), bilirubin (Bilirubin; 2.05 +/- 0.42-13.93 +/- 4.39 mumol/l), aspatate transaminase (AST; 18.25 +/- 1.5-167 +/- 38 Iu/l), alanine transaminase (ALT; 11 +/- 1-25.33 +/- 9.24 Iu/l), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 183.5 +/- 17.68-523 +/- 66.23 Iu/l) and creatine kinase (CK; 157.5 +/- 27.58-2132.2 +/- 250.92 Iu/l). We have shown that there were no differences in the Ca and Mg levels among the different groups. However, mature females have higher CREA, AST, CHO and lower BUN, ALP and ALT than the immature females. In the mature males, the values of ALP and bilirubin were higher yet the values of CREA and ALT were lower than in the immature males.

Has the condition of European bison deteriorated over last twenty years?

Twelve biochemical values of the serum (concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, and enzyme activities of ALP, CPK, AspAT, AlAT, amylase) were determined for 102 bisonBison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) coming from the free-ranging population of the Bialowieza Forest and from the breeding enclosure. The animals were culled in the winter periods of 2000/2001 and 2002/2003. In adult males only the activity of AlAT is significantly higher than in adult females. The remaining values do not differ significantly between the sexes in any of the three age groups (I—calves, II—youngsters, III—adults). Also, no significant differences in serum parameters were observed between healthy males and the ones exhibiting symptoms ofposthitis/balanoposthitis. It was established that the following changes in the values of serum parameters are age-dependent: a decrease in potassium and glucose concentrations and the enzymatic activity of ALP, and an increase in AspAT activity. The results were compared to the corresponding data from the research carried out 20 years earlier (1980–1984) and it has been discovered that the values of seven parameters are significantly different as opposed to the previous results. The following differences were established: currently the concentrations of potassium and urea nitrogen are higher in all age groups; the concentration of glucose is higher in the groups of calves and youngsters; creatinine concentration is lower in adults; the activity of AspAT has increased in youngsters, only; the activity of AlAT has increased, and of amylase has decreased in all animals examined. The changes in the values of serum parameters were analysed in the context of data obtained from post-mortem examinations and we conclude that those changes reflect the growing number of pathomorphological changes in internal organs of the bison dissected. Changes localised mainly in the liver and lungs could be related to parasitical infestations; others were noted in kidneys and in the prepuce and penis area in the males withposthitis/balanoposthitis symptoms. In the discussion it is suggested that the deterioration of the physical condition of European bison inhabiting the Bialowieza Forest may be connected to such environmental and populational factors as: winter supplementary feeding, winter aggregations, and a decline in immunity related to inbreeding.

Cystatin C is not more sensitive than creatinine for detecting early renal impairment in patients with diabetes

This study evaluated serum cystatin C as a potential new marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 49 patients who had steady-state diabetes with early renal impairment. We determined the correlation between GFR measured by chromium 51-labeled EDTA and levels of serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, serum [beta ]2-microglobulin, endogenous creatinine clearance, and Cockcroft formula. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of renal failure, defined as a GFR less than either 80 or 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for creatinine, cystatin C, and [beta ]2-microglobulin. Finally, we compared mean values of these three serum parameters in patients grouped according to GFR using the two definitions of renal failure. Correlation coefficients with GFR were [minus ]0.77 for serum creatinine level, [minus ]0.65 for serum cystatin C level, [minus ]0.71 for serum [beta ]2-microglobulin level, +0.56 for endogenous creatinine clearance, and +0.69 for Cockcroft formula (all P [lt ] 0.001). With a cutoff value of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, areas under the ROC curve were 0.972 for [beta ]2-microglobulin, 0.925 for cystatin C, and 0.916 for creatinine levels. With a cutoff value of 80 mL/min/1.73 m2, these were 0.838 for [beta ]2-microglobulin, 0.780 for cystatin C, and 0.905 for creatinine levels (P [equals] not significant between parameters). These results were not altered after the exclusion of patients (n [equals] 8) with a serum creatinine level greater than 1.41 mg/dL. When patients were classified into three groups according to GFR (group 1, [gt ]80 mL/min/1.73 m2; group 2, 60 to 80 mL/min/1.73 m2; group 3, [lt ]60 mL/min/1.73 m2), mean values of serum parameters in the three groups were statistically different (P [lt ] 0.0001) except between groups 1 and 2 for cystatin C and [beta ]2-microglobulin. With patients classified into two groups (GFR [gt ] or [lt ] 80 mL/min/1.73 m2), mean values for each parameter were statistically different (P [lt ] 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for serum creatinine and serum cystatin C levels were very close for both definitions of renal failure. Serum cystatin C is not better than serum creatinine or serum [beta ]2-microglobulin levels for estimating GFR in patients with steady-state diabetes using ROC curves or other validation tests. [copy ] 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

Chemisch-analytische und elektrophoretische Untersuchungen an Seren von Uromastyx acanthinurus Bell, 1825 (Sauria: Agamidae)

AbstractAs only little information about the blood chemistry of reptiles is available, a contribution for the establishment of standard values of serum parameters from Uromastyx acanthinurus is given. The sera were tested for their contents of total protein, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl-transferase, iron, and calcium. In a countercurrent electrophoresis the serum proteins were separated according to their electrophoretic mobility. Additionally, the molecular masses of the proteins were determined by a discontinuous polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodiumdodecylsulfate. By means of these techniques the albumin and the 7S-antibodies from the Spiny-tailed lizard sera were characterized.