Serum OC Research Articles

Optimization of the formulation of Tubiechong gel plaster and its effect on fracture healing by promoting angiogenesis in a rat model

Background and aimTransdermal drug delivery has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years and is worth further developing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparation method of Tubiechong gel plaster (TGP) and evaluate its activity to promote fracture healing. Experimental procedureUsing rat skin as a barrier, and the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation promotion rate of the receiving solution as the evaluation index, the in vitro permeability of the plaster was studied by Franz diffusion cell method. A modified Einhorn method was used to model rat tibia fractures. The bone healing process was monitored by radiography. Bone development and angiogenesis were assessed by Safranin O Fast Green staining and CD31 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Serum bone metabolites and VEGF levels were determined by ELISA method. Results and conclusionThe optimal dose of azone for TGP is 2 %. The transdermal penetration equation for this plaster is consistent with the Ritger-Peppas equation. The prepared plaster was stable for at least 3 months. X-ray images showed that the fracture healing was promoted by TGP in a dose-related form at all periods. Serum BALP, OC, CTX-I, and VEGF levels also indicated better fracture healing after treatment. TGP significantly stimulated angiogenesis and bone growth at the fracture site on days 7,14 and 21, and the effect of promoting bone growth was shown on the third day. These data prove that the prepared Tubiechong gel plasters can promote fracture healing by promoting angiogenesis.

Noninvasive serum N-glycans associated with ovarian cancer diagnosis and precancerous lesion prediction

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Altered serum N-glycome has been observed in many diseases, while the association between serum protein N-glycosylation and OC progression remains unclear, particularly for the onset of carcinogenesis from benign neoplasms to cancer.MethodsHerein, a mass spectrometry based high-throughput technique was applied to characterize serum N-glycome profile in individuals with healthy controls, benign neoplasms and different stages of OC. To elucidate the alterations of glycan features in OC progression, an orthogonal strategy with lectin-based ELISA was performed.ResultsIt was observed that the initiation and development of OC was associated with increased high-mannosylationand agalactosylation, concurrently with decreased total sialylation of serum, each of which gained at least moderately accurate merits. The most important individual N-glycans in each glycan group was H7N2, H3N5 and H5N4S2F1, respectively. Notably, serum N-glycome could be used to accurately discriminate OC patients from benign cohorts, with a comparable or even higher diagnostic score compared to CA125 and HE4. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis based discriminative model verified the diagnostic performance of serum N-glycome for OC in two independent sets.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated the great potential of serum N-glycome for OC diagnosis and precancerous lesion prediction, paving a new way for OC screening and monitoring.

Effects of depressive symptoms on osteoporotic bone metabolism and prognosis of joint replacement surgery in elderly male patients with femoral neck fractures.

To investigate the effect of depressive symptoms on osteoporotic bone metabolism and prognosis of joint replacement surgery in elderly male patients with femoral neck fractures. 102 elderly male patients with femoral neck fractures hospitalized in the Beijing Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were included. The patients with femoral neck fractures were divided into the depression group and the control group. The observation indicators included: bone mineral density, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, osteocalcin, Type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, serum β-isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, hip function scores, and pain visual analogue scale at pre- and post-operative examinations. The BMD was significantly lower in the depressed group than in the control group [either for lumbar spine or hip, P<0.05]. Serum 25-(OH)-D levels and serum OC levels were lower (both P<0.05) in the depression group, while serum -CTX levels were higher in the depression group than in the control group (P<0.05). Depression severity (GDS score) was negatively correlated with BMD (r=-0.456, P<0.05), 25(OH)D (r=-0.546, P<0.05), and OC (r=-0.215, P<0.05), while positively correlated with β-CTX (r=0.372, P<0.05). The Harris scores of the depression group were lower than the control group (P<0.001). In the control group, VAS scores decrease at 12 months postoperatively while in the depressed group, VAS scores increased (P<0.001). Depression is a risk factor for low bone mineral density and fracture, and adversely affects functional recovery and pain relief after artificial femoral head replacement. Special care should be taken for those patients with depressive symptoms in orthopedic practice.

Acteoside Derived from Cistanche Improves Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis by Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Objective Glucocorticoids are widely used in clinical practice; however, they can cause side effects, such as osteoporosis. Acteoside (ACT) from Cistanche has been used to combat a variety of diseases. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ACT in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and its potential mechanism. Methods Dexamethasone (Dex) was injected intramuscularly to induce osteoporosis in a rat model, and ACT was given orally. ACT was supplemented in vivo in Dex-stimulated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. RT-qPCR was performed to assess the mRNA levels of bone formation (Runx2, CoL1A1), and bone resorption (OPG and RANKL). A commercial ELISA kit was applied to assess serum OC and CTX levels. Western blot was performed to assess protein levels in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess osteoblast viability and apoptosis. Results ACT reduced Dex-induced bone microstructure deterioration, increased serum levels of OC, and decreased the levels of CTX (P < 0.05). In the MC3T3-E1 cells, Dex inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis; however, this effect was greatly attenuated by ACT (P < 0.05). Concurrently, ACT reversed the reduction in Runx2, osterix, CoL1A1, and OPG mRNA levels, ALP activity, and the promotion of RANKL by Dex. Additionally, ACT attenuated Dex-induced inhibition of p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and p-PI3K/PI3K protein levels by Dex (P < 0.05), while the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor LY294002 diminished the potential effect of ACT (P < 0.05). Conclusion ACT from Cistanche may exert osteoprotective effects by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to alleviate Dex-induced osteoporosis.

Irisin as a predictor of bone metabolism in Han Chinese Young Men with pre-diabetic individuals

BackgroundIrisin is a novel myokine both in mice and humans, and it can also be secreted by adipose tissue and the liver in a small amounts. There are few studies on irisin and bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum irisin levels and bone metabolism and analyze its related factors in Han young male with pre-diabetic individuals.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 41 pre-diabetes and 45 normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and bone mineral content (BMC), were performed. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 8 h of fasting, and the levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, serum irisin and bone turnover markers were measured.ResultsThe levels of serum irisin (4.4 ± 1.4 vs. 6.3 ± 1.5 µg/mL), P1NP and OC were significantly lower and CTX was significantly higher in the pre-diabetes group (P < 0.05). BMC did not differ in the two groups (P > 0.05). Serum irisin levels negatively correlated with BMI (r =-0.325), FPG (r =-0.329), TG (r =-0.339) (P < 0.05) in NGT individuals. Serum irisin levels positively correlated with P1NP (r = 0.398), OC (r = 0.351), HDL-C (r = 0.432) and negatively correlated with FPG (r = -0.725), 2 h-PG (r = -0.360) (P < 0.05) in pre-diabetic individuals. Multiple regression analysis revealed that Serum irisin (β = 9.768, P = 0.025) and WC (β = -2.355, P = 0.002) were significant independent predictors for P1NP.ConclusionBone turnover markers were changed rather than bone mineral content in young men with pre-diabetes. In pre-diabetes individuals, serum irisin levels were reduced and close relationship with P1NP. Falling irisin levels may be a predictor of decreased bone formation in Han young men with pre-diabetes individuals.

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Agents versus Bovine Colostrum Supplementation for the Management of Bone Health Using an Osteoporosis-Induced Rat Model.

Osteoporosis is defined by loss of bone mass and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. The present study compared the effects of available pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for osteoporosis [alendronate (ALE) and concomitant supplementation of vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca)] with the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rats. Seven-month-old rats were randomly allocated to: (1) placebo-control, (2) ALE group (7.5 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week), (3) VD/Ca group (VD: 35 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week; Ca: 13 mg/kg of body weight/day/3 times per week), and (4) BC supplementation (OVX: 1.5 g/day/5 times per week; ORX: 2 g/day/5 times per week). Following four months of supplementation, bone microarchitecture, strength and bone markers were evaluated. ALE group demonstrated significantly higher Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC and significantly lower Ct.Pr, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, Ct.BMD and Tb.BMD, compared to placebo (p < 0.05). BC presented significantly higher Ct.Pr, Ct.BMD, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, and Tb.BMD and significantly lower Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC compared to ALE in OVX rats (p < 0.05). OVX rats receiving BC experienced a significant increase in serum ALP and OC levels post-supplementation (p < 0.05). BC supplementation may induce positive effects on bone metabolism by stimulating bone formation, but appear not to be as effective as ALE.

Total n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Linoleic Acid Dietary Intakes Are Associated With Lower Serum Osteocalcin Among Postmenopausal Women

ObjectivesOur research group has recently shown that plasma linoleic acid (LA), an essential n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), was inversely associated with whole body bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score in a general US adult population. We aimed to determine whether dietary LA, arachidonic acid (AA) or total n-6 intake are likewise associated with serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD at sites prone to fracture, including total hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck, among postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of healthy women (N = 34; 50–65 years) with onset of menopause < 5 years. Fasting serum samples were obtained, and BMD indexes were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the same visit. BMD values were converted to T-scores. Three-day food records were collected, and calorie-adjusted nutrient intakes calculated using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC, a bone formation biomarker) and C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTX, a bone resorption biomarker) were measured by ELISA. Relationships between LA and each BMD T-score and serum BTM were assessed using linear regression adjusting for age, race, and body mass index. ResultsTotal n-6 PUFA and LA intakes were not significantly associated with any BMD T-scores. AA intake was positively associated with lumbar spine BMD T-score [β = 10.4, (95% CI: 0.3, 20.5), P < 0.04]. For serum BTMs, total n-6 PUFA and LA intakes were inversely associated with serum osteocalcin [β = –6.8, 95% CI: (–13.2, –0.5) and β = –6.8, 95% CI: (–13.1, –0.5) respectively, both P < 0.05] but not significantly associated with serum CTX. AA intake was not significantly associated with either BTM. ConclusionsDietary intake of total n-6 PUFAs and LA were inversely associated serum OC, while AA intake was positively associated with lumbar spine BMD. Cellular mechanistic and intervention studies in clinical populations are needed to confirm effects of total n-6 PUFA, LA, and AA intake on bone formation and BMD over time. Funding SourcesNational Institutes of Health, John and Mary Brock Discovery Fund.

In Situ N-Glycosylation Signatures of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Tissue as Defined by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Simple SummaryAltered glycosylation of proteins was shown to be implicated in various steps of malignant transformation and tumor progression. For that reason, it is frequently referred to as the next hallmark of cancer. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a female gynecological malignancy of the highest mortality, N-glycosylation alterations were predominantly investigated at the level of serum glycoproteins and OC cell lines. By contrast, data on in situ N-glycosylation in OC tissue are still very limited, particularly with respect to terminal sialylation. This is despite the increasing number of studies supporting the role of sialylated N-glycans in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In this work, MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was implemented in combination with chemical sialic acid derivatization to determine tissue type-specific N-glycosylation of less common histotypes of EOC and non-malignant ovarian disease.The particularly high mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is in part linked to limited understanding of its molecular signatures. Although there are data available on in situ N-glycosylation in EOC tissue, previous studies focused primarily on neutral N-glycan species and, hence, still little is known regarding EOC tissue-specific sialylation. In this proof-of-concept study, we implemented MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in combination with sialic acid derivatization to simultaneously investigate neutral and sialylated N-glycans in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarray specimens of less common EOC histotypes and non-malignant borderline ovarian tumor (BOT). The applied protocol allowed detecting over 50 m/z species, many of which showed differential tissue distribution. Most importantly, it could be demonstrated that α2,6- and α2,3-sialylated N-glycans are enriched in tissue regions corresponding to tumor and adjacent tumor-stroma, respectively. Interestingly, analogous N-glycosylation patterns were observed in tissue cores of BOT, suggesting that regio-specific N-glycan distribution might occur already in non-malignant ovarian pathologies. All in all, our data provide proof that the combination of MALDI-MSI and sialic acid derivatization is suitable for delineating regio-specific N-glycan distribution in EOC and BOT tissues and might serve as a promising strategy for future glycosylation-based biomarker discovery studies.

Biomarkers of joint metabolism and bone mineral density are associated with early knee osteoarthritis in premenopausal females.

Biomarkers of bone and cartilage metabolism were proposed as early diagnosis indicators for knee osteoarthritis (OA), however, which were influenced by disease stage, age, and menopause state. Accurate diagnosis indicators are eagerly awaited. The current study aims to investigate associations of joint metabolism biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD) with early knee OA in males and premenopausal females before age 50years. A total of 189 patients aged before 50years with early knee OA and 152 healthy participants were enrolled. Levels of bone biomarkers (PINP, OC, and CTX-I) and cartilage biomarkers (PIIANP, COMP, CTX-II, and MMP-3) were assessed. BMD was measured at the lumbar, femoral neck, and hip. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between biomarkers, BMD, and early knee OA. Serum COMP, urine CTX-II and BMD at femoral neck and hip were increased in premenopausal patients as compared to control; with serum PINP and OC reduced. Meanwhile, serum COMP, urine CTX-II, and BMD at femoral neck and hip showed positive associations with premenopausal early knee OA, while serum PINP had negative association. However, in male patients, only serum COMP was higher than control, and no association of biomarkers or BMD was found with early knee OA. The joint metabolism biomarkers and BMD showed multiple associations with early knee OA in premenopausal females, but not in males aged before 50years. It was suggested that sex differences should be taken into account when evaluating cartilage and bone metabolism in early knee OA. Key Points • The joint metabolism biomarkers and BMD are associated with early knee OA in premenopausal females, but not in males aged before 50years. • Sex differences should be taken into account when evaluating cartilage and bone metabolism in early knee OA.

Protective Effect of Panax ginseng on osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Female Guinea-pigs

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Panax ginseng on osteoporosis in guinea-pigs induced by ovariectomy. Methods: Six-month-old 36 SPF non-pregnant female guinea-pigs, were divided into four groups randomly: sham-operated group (Sham), blank model group (Model), recommended dose of Panax ginseng group (RD) and Maximum dose of Panax ginseng group (MD), 9 guinea-pigs in each group. Guinea-pigs models of osteoporosis were prepared by ovariectomized (OVX), except Sham group. 2 weeks later, OVX guinea-pigs were administered gavage with Panax ginseng powder twice daily for 100 days, RD group with 2.5mg/100gBW, MD group with 5mg/100 gBW. Sham and Model group were given with the same dose of saline, all the gavage dose were 3mL. The serum of guinea-pigs were obtained to measure the electrolytes ions, serum Ca2+, Mg2+, P3+, to measure serum bone metabolism indexes BALP, OC, TRACP-5b, BMD and BMC. Results: Compared with Model group, the level of serum Ca2+, P3+ decreased in the Panax ginseng groups, but the level of Mg2+increased (P<0.05), the statistics difference in MD group was significant (P<0.01). The influence of serum BALP, OC, and TRACP-5b: compared with Model group, the Panax ginseng groups had statistical differences (P<0.05), with the dose correlated positively. Compared with Model group, the index values of BMD and BMC of the Panax ginseng groups were significantly Maximum (P<0.05), there was a dose-dependent difference with drug intervention. Conclusion: Panax ginseng can inhibit bone loss, decrease bone turnover rate, and improve the osteoporosis with dose-dependent effect.

Association between Circulating Osteocalcin and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors following a 4-Week Leafy Green Vitamin K-Rich Diet

Background: Evidence suggests that lower serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may be negatively associated with cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether individuals with a suppression of ucOC following an increase in dietary vitamin K1 exhibit a relative worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors. Materials and Methods: Men (n = 20) and women (n = 10) aged 62 ± 10 years participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. The primary analysis involved using data obtained from participants following a high vitamin K1 diet (HK; 4-week intervention of increased leafy green vegetable intake). High and low responders were defined based on the median percent reduction (30%) in ucOC following the HK diet. Blood pressure (resting and 24 h), arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, lipid concentrations, and serum OC forms were assessed. Results: Following the HK diet, ucOC and ucOC/tOC were suppressed more (p < 0.01) in high responders (41 and 29%) versus low responders (12 and 10%). The reduction in ucOC and ucOC/tOC was not associated with changes in blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, or lipid concentrations in the high responders (p > 0.05). Discussion/Conclusion: Suppression of ucOC via consumption of leafy green vegetables has no negative effects on cardiometabolic health, perhaps, in part, because of cross-talk mechanisms.

Serum osteocalcin level is associated with the mortality in Chinese patients with Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva aged \u226418\u2009years at diagnosis

BackgroundFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder characterized by extraskeletal heterotopic ossification. It is well recognized that FOP can lead to a devastating condition of disability. However, the mortality rate of FOP patients in China and risk factors for mortality are still largely unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective research on a cohort of 65 cases of FOP patients in China from 2008 to 2018. We reviewed medical records of these FOP patients to retrieve information such as date of birth/death, gender, clinical features, genotypes and biochemical parameters and analyze the correlation of these parameters with the mortality.Results92.3% (60/65 cases) patients were classic FOP patients, 3.1% (2/65 cases) were FOP-plus and 4.6% (3/65 cases) were FOP variants. 9 cases of this cohort were dead during the ten-year period, and the overall mortality rate was 13.8%. c.617G > A mutation was confirmed in all non-survivors. In FOP patients≤18 years at diagnosis, non-survivors demonstrated significantly lower blood osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels compared with survivors (P < 0.05), and spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis indicated that serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were negatively correlated with the mortality. Furthermore, the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed serum osteocalcin had the largest area under the curve of 0.855 among four biochemical parameters, and serum osteocalcin < 65.9 ng/ml displayed a good capacity to discriminate the non-survivors from survivors in FOP patients aged 18 years and younger at diagnosis.ConclusionsOur findings showed that the mortality rate of FOP was 13.8% in China. Serum OC level was negatively correlated with the mortality in Chinese FOP patients ≤18 years at diagnosis.

Calcium Alleviates Fluoride-Induced Bone Damage by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Excessive fluoride mainly causes skeletal lesions. Recently, it has been reported that an appropriate level of calcium can alleviate fluorosis. However, the appropriate concentration and mechanism of calcium addition is unclear. Hence, we evaluated the histopathology and ultrastructure, DNA fragmentation, hormonal imbalances, biomechanical levels, and expression of apoptosis-related genes after treating the rats with 150 mg/L NaF and different concentrations of CaCO3. Our results suggested that NaF induced the histopathological and ultrastructural injury, with a concomitant increase in the DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05) and serum OC (17.5 ± 0.89 pmoL/L) at 120 days. In addition, the qRT-PCR and western blotting results indicated that NaF exposure upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Calpain, Caspase 12, Caspase 9, Caspase 7, Caspase 3, CAD, PARP, and AIF while downregulated Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) and decreased the bone ultimate load by 27.1%, the ultimate stress by 10.1%, and the ultimate deformity by 23.3% at 120 days. However, 1% CaCO3 supplementation decreased the serum OC (14.7 ± 0.65 pmoL/L), bone F content (P < 0.01), and fracture and breakage of collagen fibers and changed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum pathway-related genes and proteins at 120 days. Further, 1% CaCO3 supplementation increased the bone ultimate load by 20.9%, the ultimate stress by 4.89%, and the ultimate deformity by 21.6%. In summary, we conclude that 1% CaCO3 supplementation alleviated fluoride-induced bone damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

A Vitamin D, Calcium and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement Improves Measures of Bone Health in Sarcopenic Non-Malnourished Older Adults: The PROVIDE Study

Alterations in musculoskeletal health with advanced age contribute to sarcopenia and decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength. This decline may be modifiable via dietary supplementation. To test the hypothesis that a specific oral nutritional supplement can result in improvements in measures of bone health. Participants (n 380) were participants of the PROVIDE study, a 13-week, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, 2 parallel-group study among non-malnourished older participants (≥ 65 years) with sarcopenia [determined by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 0-12) scores between 4 and 9, and a low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; skeletal muscle mass/BW × 100) ≤ 37% in men and ≤ 28% in women using bioelectric impedance analysis] Supplementation of a vitamin D, calcium and leucine-enriched whey protein drink that comprises a full range of micronutrients (active; 2/day) was compared with an iso-caloric control. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin; OC, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide; P1NP) and resorption (carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks; CTX), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and total-body BMD were analysed pre- and post-intervention. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased from 51.1 ± 22.9 nmol/L (mean ± SD) to 78.9 ± 21.1 nmol/L in the active group (p < 0.001 vs. control). Serum PTH showed a significant treatment difference (p < 0.001) with a decline in the active group, and increase in the control group. Serum IGF-1 increased in the active group (p < 0.001 vs. control). Serum CTX showed a greater decline in the active group (p = 0.001 vs. control). There were no significant differences in serum OC or P1NP between groups during the intervention. Total body BMD showed a small (0.02 g/cm2; ~ 2%) but significant increase in the active group after supplementation (p = 0.033 vs. control). Consuming a vitamin D, calcium and leucine-enriched whey protein supplement for 13 weeks improved 25(OH)D, suppressed PTH and had small but positive effects on BMD, indicative of improved bone health, in sarcopenic non-malnourished older adults.

장기간 유산소 운동이 난소절제 마우스의 골 강도 및 혈청 골 대사 지표에 미치는 영향

Physical exercise has a positive effect on increasing or maintaining BMD(bone mineral density) in postmenopausal women. This study investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on bone breaking force and serum bone metabolism markers in ovariectomized mice. OVX mice(C57BL/6, 7 weeks old)were randomly assigned to 3 groups as follows: control group(CON, n=12), OVX+control group(OVX+CON, n=12), OVX+exercise group(OVX+EXE, n=12). Exercise protocol was performed on a treadmill 4 days/week, 30 min/day, at a speed of 14-16 m/min for 16 weeks. Femur breaking force was measured at the end of experiment. ALP, OC and CTx-1 levels in serum were analyzed. Femur breaking force was significantly increased in OVX+EXE group compared with OVX+CON group(p0.05). Serum ALP and OC levels were significantly decreased in OVX+EXE group compared with OVX+CON group(p0.05). Serum CTx-1 level was decreased in OVX+EXE group compared with OVX+CON group, but non significant difference. In conclusion, theses results suggested that long-term chronic treadmill exercise can improve bone turnover.

Effects of compound medicine of icariin and puerarin on peak bone mass in growing rats

Objective To study the effects of the compound medicine of icariin and puerarin on peak bone mass in rats during growth period, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 1 month were randomly divided into normal control group(C), icariin group(I), puerarin group(P), icariin and puerarin compound groupc(I+ P), 10 in each group. The body weights were recorded once every two weeks, and the bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every month. After the bone mineral density of the whole body was significantly different between the control group and drug groups, the animals were sacrificed. The right femur and vertebrae were separated to measure the bone mineral density. The biomechanical properties of the femur and vertebra were detected by AG-IS series desktop electronic universal testing machine. The bone formation index osteocalcin, PINP and bone resorption index were determined by ELISA. Changes in the contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP 5b) and CTX-1; and changes in trabecular bone related parameters were recorded after magenta-picric acid staining. Results There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body bone density after 1 month of treatment (P>0.05). After 2 months of treatment, the body bone density of the drug-administered group was higher than that of the control group. Whole body bone density, femur and vertebral bone density, femur maximum load value, maximum vertebrae load value and trabecular bone number and area, serum OC and PINP levels increased, while TRACP 5b and CTX-1 levels decreased(P<0.01) in drug group. The difference from the control group was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were significant differences in biochemical parameters and bone histomorphology between the compound drug group and the two-flavor monomer group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density and biomechanics, but the average value was higher than that of the monomer group. Conclusion The combination of icariin and puerarin can effectively increase the peak bone mass in rats. Key words: Icariin; Puerarin; Compound; Peak bone mass; Rats

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM OC AND SCTX WITH BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PREDICTING BONE LOSS AND TREATING FOR POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS WOMEN OVER 45 YEARS OLD WITH FOSAMAX PLUS THERAPY

Backgrounds: Serum OC and ssCTX are correlated with BMD and have early changes under antiresorptive therapies. This study was aimed to find correlations between serum OC, sCTX and BMD changes in women over 45 and evaluated early changes of the two markers in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with Fosamax plus therapy. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional and prospective study. 142 women over 45 were tested for serum OC and sCTX and determined BMD at lumbar spine and femur neck. 37 postmenopausal osteoporotic women of the group were treated with Fosamax plus therapy. Results: OC and sCTX showed negative correlation with BMD of lumbar spine and femur neck in all of women over 45. The correlation between sCTX and BMD of femur neck was not significant. The lowest values of OC and sCTX to predict bone loss in non-osteoporotic women were 14.46ng/ml (ss = 76.1%, sp = 40%) and 396.25pg/ml (ss = 66%, sp = 52%). The decreasing rates of serum OC and sCTX after 3 and 6 months with Fosamax plus therapy were 41.6%, 55% (p ˂ 0.0001) and 78.3%, 72% (p ˂ 0.0001), respectively. Slow increasing rates of BMD at two sites were 4.2% (p ˂ 0.001) and 3.6% (p ˃ 0.05), irrespectively. Conclusions: OC and sCTX were inversely correlated to BMD of lumbar spine and femur neck in all of women over 45. The lowest values of OC and sCTX to predict bone loss in non-osteoporotic women were 14.46ng/ml and 396.25pg/ml. Serum OC và sCTX decreased early in comparision to BMD improvement in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with Fosamax plus therapy. Key words: oC, sCTX, postmenopausal osteoporotic women, Fosamax plus

Relationships betwee serum osteocalcin and glycolipid metabolism in male traumatic patients

Objective To investigate the relationships between serum osteocalcin levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG), fasting serum insulin(FINS), insulin resistance, β-cell function as well as lipid metabolism in male traumatic patients. Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Emergency Room of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital from April to October of 2015. The male adult traumatic patients without traumatic brain injury, shock and the medical history such as the fractures, diabetes were enrolled as trauma group, and then patients’ age, body mass index(BMI), injury severity score(ISS), admission time after trauma and fluid resuscitation volume before testing(FRVT) were recorded. A total of 80 heathly male adult subjects were enrolled from the physical examination center as control group with matched age and BMI. Comparison of biochemical characteristics were carried out between two groups, and relationships between serum osteocalcin levels and glycolipid metabolism in trauma group were analyzed. Insulin resistance and β-cell function were calculated by Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function(HOMA-β). Results A total of 102 male adult traumatic patients mostly subjected to traffic accident (56.9%) with FRVT (208.78±98.68)mL and ISS(9.30±3.67)were enrolled in trauma group. Serum OC levels, HOMA-β, total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL-c)and low density lipoprotein(LDL-c) were lower, but FPG, FINS, C-peptide(C-P), HOMA-IR were higher compared with control group(P<0.05). Serum OC levels wer were negatively correlated with FPG and TC(P<0.05), and positively correlated with FINS, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β(P<0.05), but there were no correlation of OC with FRVT and ISS.By multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, FRVT and ISS, serum osteocalcin levels were significantly related to TC in traumatic patients (β=-0.812, P=0.024). Conclusion The glycolipid metabolism may be impacted by the serum level of osteocalcin after trauma. Key words: Osteocalcin; Glucose; Lipid; Trauma

The Effects of Exercise Intensity Difference on Bone Metabolic Markers and Cytokines of the RANKL/RANK/OPG System in Korean Osteopenia Elderly Women

PURPOSE Regular exercise augments the bone mineral density in postmenopausal elderly women. However, its acute effects by different intensities on bone metabolic markers and cytokines of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system have not been determined. Our aim was to investigate the effects exercise intensity difference on these markers and RANKL/RANK/OPG system in Korean osteopenia elderly women. METHODS Twelve osteopenia elderly women (T-score -2.46±0.48; aged 68.17±3.04 years) examined these markers and RANKL/RANK/OPG system responses to acute high (80% VO2max ; HIGH group), low (40% VO2max; LOW group) intensity with a cycle ergometer, and sedentary rest (CON group) in a randomized, cross-over repeated measures design. The concentrations of bone metabolic markers and cytokines measured before, immediately after and then recovery 60 minutes after exercise. mRNA expressions of RANKL & OPG from PBMC were also measured at same times. RESULTS There were no significant changes in the serum CTx and RANKL, and mRNA expression of RNAKL, indicating bone resorption (NS). On the other hand, although the serum OPG showed significant change in high intensity (p=.027; group×time), the serum OC showed significant change in low intensity (p=.044; group×time), indicating bone formation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a single bout exercise might effect on bone formation alone with OPG responds to high intensity, OC responds to low intensity. Additional studies are needed on the difference in change between OC and OPG due to exercise intensity. 색인어: 운동강도, 골감소증, OC, CTx, RANKL, RANK, OPG Keywords: Intensity, Osteopenia, OC, CTx, RANKL, RANK

Evaluation of Vitamin D3-Calcium Therapy in Rachitic Dogs

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of treatment on clinical signs, cortical indices (CI) of radius and ulna (measured radiographically), and serum concentrations of the Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and osteocalcin (OC, bone biomarker) in 12 rachitic dogs. The dogs were treated with vitamin D3 @ 20, 000 IU/kg body weight (BW) intramuscularly at a weekly interval along with daily oral Ca supplementation @ 25 mg/kg BW for two months. Dogs were re-evaluated at 30th and/or 60th day post-treatment. Nine apparently healthy dogs were kept as control for comparison of CI and biochemical parameters. Data were analysed by paired and two-sample t-tests. Results showed appreciable improvement in most of the clinical signs within the 1st month of treatment. When compared to control group, at day 0, serum P concentration did not vary significantly (p 0.05) while serum Ca increased (p<0.05) and ALP decreased (p<0.05) from the baseline values. There were significant differences between the pre-and post-treatment values of CI and Ca to P ratio (p<0.05). Serum concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and OC increased post-treatment at day 60 (p<0.05). In this study, treatment with vitamin D3 and Ca stimulated bone remodelling, as demonstrated clinically and by significant increase in the serum concentrations Ca, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and OC.