Serum Levels Of MMP-9 Research Articles

Increased neutrophil derived chemokines (CXCL10 and CCL2) in human trichinellosis as possible serological markers of the polarization of the immune response against the parasite

Trichinella britovi is a widely distributed parasitic nematode, transmitted through ingestion of raw or poorly cooked meat containing muscle larvae. This helminth can regulate the host immune system during the early phase of infection. The immune mechanism mainly involves the interaction of Th1 and Th2 responses and related cytokines. Chemokines (C-X-C or C–C) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have also shown to be implicated in a number of parasitic infections, mainly malaria, neurocysticercosis, angiostronyloidosis, and schistosomiasis, but poor is known about their role in human Trichinella infection. We previously found that serum MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in T. britovi infected patients with relevant symptoms such as diarrhea, myalgia, and facial oedema, which makes these enzymes a potential reliable indicator of inflammation in trichinellosis patients. These changes were also observed in T. spiralis/T. pseudospiralis experimentally infected mice.No data are available about circulating levels of two pro-inflammatory chemokines, CXCL10 and CCL2, in trichinellosis patients with or w/o clinical signs of the infection. In this study, the association of serum level of CXCL10 and CCL2 with clinical outcome of T. britovi infection and their relation to MMP-9 were investigated. Patients (median age 49 ± 0.33 years) acquired infection by consuming raw sausages prepared with wild boar and pork meat. Sera were collected during the acute and the convalescent phases of the infection. A positive significant association (r = 0.61, p = 0.0004) was observed between MMP-9 and CXCL10 levels. The CXCL10 level significantly correlated with the severity of symptoms in patients being particularly higher in patients suffering diarrhea, myalgia, and facial oedema, thus suggesting a positive association of this chemokine with symptomatologic traits, especially myalgia (and increased LDH and CPK levels) (p < 0.005). No correlation was found between levels of CCL2 and the clinical symptoms.

Chitinase-3 like-protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase -9 and positive intracranial arterial remodelling.

Positive intracranial arterial remodelling is a dilated lesion of the large intracranial vessels; however, its pathogenesis is currently unknown. Some studies have identified chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (YKL-40) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as circulating inflammatory factors involved in positive vascular remodelling. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels and positive intracranial arterial remodelling in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). A total of 110 patients with CSVD were selected. Patients with brain arterial remodelling (BAR) scores >1 times the standard deviation were defined as the positive intracranial artery remodelling group (n = 21 cases), and those with BAR scores ≤1 times the standard deviation were defined as the non-positive intracranial artery remodelling group (n = 89 cases). Serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Factors influencing positive intracranial artery remodelling using binary logistic regression analysis and predictive value of YKL-40 and MMP-9 for positive intracranial arterial remodelling in patients with CSVD were assessed by a subject receiver operating characteristic curve. Statistically significant differences in serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels were observed between the positive and non-positive remodelling groups (p < 0.05). The integrated indicator (OR = 9.410, 95% CI: 3.156 ~ 28.054, P<0.01) of YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels were independent risk factors for positive intracranial arterial remodelling. The integrated indicator (OR = 3.763, 95% CI: 1.884 ~ 7.517, p < 0.01) of YKL-40 and MMP-9 were independent risk factors for positive arterial remodelling in posterior circulation, but were not significantly associated with positive arterial remodelling in anterior circulation (p > 0.05). The area under the curve for YKL-40 and MMP-9 diagnostic positive remodelling was 0.778 (95% CI: 0.692-0.865, p < 0.01) and 0.736 (95% CI: 0.636-0.837, p < 0.01), respectively. Elevated serum YKL-40 and MMP-9 levels are independent risk factors for positive intracranial arterial remodelling in patients with CSVD and may predict the presence of positive intracranial arterial remodelling, providing new ideas for the mechanism of its occurrence and development and the direction of treatment.

Use of some bone-related cytokines as predictors for rheumatoid arthritis severity by neural network analysis

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial membrane inflammation that results in joint damage. Many earlier studies have measured cytokines for a better diagnosis of RA. In the present study, three bone biomarkers [osteopontin, stromelysin-1 (MMP3), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)] are examined for their ability to estimate the severity of disease by using artificial neural network (NN) analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Methods. The study enrolled 87 RA patients and 44 healthy control subjects. The biomarkers were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Disease Activity Score (28 joints) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (DAS28-CRP) was calculated by using DAS28-CRP calculator. The patients with DAS28-CRP 5.1 are considered as having high disease activity (HDA). While patients group with DAS28-CRP 5.1 are considered as moderate disease activity (MDA). The neural network (NN) analysis was used for the differentiation between groups. Results. Results showed that the most sensitive predictor for high disease activity (HDA) of RA is MMP3, followed by osteopontin and VEGF. These three biomarkers can differentiate significantly between HDA and MDA with a relatively high size effect (Partial 2 = 0.323, p 0.001). The HDA group has a significantly higher MMP3, CRP, RF, and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) than the MDA group. MMP3 is strongly associated with two inflammatory indicators; CRP and ESR. Conclusion. There was a significant elevation in the serum level of MMP3 in RA patients with HDA compared to the MDA and control groups. High DAS28, RF, CRP, and ACPA were found in HDA patients compared with the MDA group. The use of the NN analysis indicated that the measured biomarkers help predict the HDA state in RA patients. MMP3 and osteopontin are diagnostic biomarkers for the severity of RA and are related to many disease-related characteristics with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 68.4%.

Decreased serum MMP-9 levels in patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head

BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) are involved in the pathological mechanism of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study aimed to investigate the relationship of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio with disease severity in patients with nontraumatic ONFH.MethodsSerum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 among 102 nontraumatic ONFH patients and 96 healthy individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Imaging severity was determined using the FICAT classification system. The Harris hip score (HHS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate clinical progress. The correlations of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels with imaging severity and clinical progress was evaluated statistically. The diagnostic value of MMP-9 for NONFH disease severity was evaluated by examining receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe serum MMP-9 levels and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly increased in patients with ONFH compared to normal controls, and TIMP-1 levels did not differ between the two groups. Serum MMP-9 levels and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were positively correlated with FICAT stage and VAS and were negatively correlated with the HHS score. The ROC curve results indicated that MMP-9 could be used as a potential marker of nontraumatic ONFH imaging progression.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that increased MMP-9 expression and an imbalance in the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio play a role in the development of ONFH and are correlate with the severity of ONFH. The determination of MMP-9 can be a useful tool to assess the severity of the disease in patients with nontraumatic ONFH.

Extracellular matrix collagen biomarker levels in patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy.

The role of extracellular matrix collagen biomarkers in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is not well known. Our goal was to investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 protein levels in patients with CTETH. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with CTETH who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy comprise group 1, and the control group included patients who underwent lung surgery without pulmonary hypertension (group 2) between March 2020 and March 2021. In addition to serum levels of MMP-9, the pulmonary endarterectomy and control pulmonary artery tissue samples were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4pl, cubic, quadratic and Western blot techniques. Levels of MMP-2, which consist of pro MMP-2/ß-actin and active MMP-2/ß-actin and MMP-9/ß-actin, were measured only in the tissue samples. Forty-eight patients were enrolled consecutively in group 1 (n: 24) and group 2 (n: 24). The serum concentrations of MMP-9 were similar in both groups. Similarly, a comparison of tissue sample levels of pro MMP-2/ß-actin (P = 0.496) and active MMP-2/ß-actin (P = 0.216) showed no significant difference between the groups. The tissue samples from patients with CTETH had significantly lower amounts of MMP-9/ß-actin compared to the control group (P = 0.001). This study indicates that serum levels of extracellular matrix collagen biomarkers were similar in patients with CTETH who were candidates for surgery and in patients who had non-pulmonary hypertension who underwent lung surgery. Differences in levels of MMP-9/ß-actin in tissue samples may play a role in pulmonary vascular remodelling in operable patients.

Can serum MMP-3 diagnose early knee osteoarthritis?

AimsThis study aims to assess the ability of serum MMP-3 levels to differentiate between normal knee with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its ability to differentiate between various severity grades. Material & methodsThe study included 80 cases of primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and 80 young individuals with no features of KOA. ResultsThe subjects in Case group were younger (52.80 ± 10.31 years) than in Control group (28.55 ± 5.98 years) (p = 0.001). The BMI of Case group (27.5 ± 4.81 kg/m2) was significantly higher than in Control group (25.40 ± 5.71 kg/m2) (p = 0.012). Mean sMMP-3 level in Cases (59.85 ± 39.92 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in Controls (14.52 ± 6.09 ng/ml) (p = 0.0001). There was no gender difference in biomarker values in Cases (p = 0.1) and in Controls (p = 0.88). The level of sMMP-3 rises with increasing age in cases only (p = 0.0001). MMP-3 values were significantly elevated in cases in the sub-categories of BMI within case group and control group (>0.05) but higher in cases in normal, overweight and obese subcategories (p < 0.05). Serum MMP-3 level differs significantly between K-L grade 0-I (p = 0.004), K-L grade I-II (p = 0.000), K-L grade II-III (p = 0.007) and also between K-L grade III-IV (p = 0.02). Biomarker showed moderate positive correlation with KL grade (r = 0.68, p = 0.000) and age (r = 0.38, p = 0.000) and weak positive correlation with WOMAC score (r = 0.289, p = 0.009). The receiver operative curve (ROC) analysis suggested a cut off value of sMMP-3 as 20.03 ng/ml between Control group and Case group, as 12.25 ng/ml between K-L grade 0-I; as 18.37 ng/ml between K-L grade I-II; as 55.60 ng/ml between K-L grade II-III; as 102.0 ng/ml between K-L grade III-IV. ConclusionssMMP-3 estimation as a tool has a good discriminatory power to differentiate between healthy and a diseased knee (KOA) and between severity grades. It can be used as a test to identify individuals with KL grade I and II of KOA.

Interleukin-17 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Show a Functional Hierarchy to Regulate the Production of Matrix Metalloproteases by Monocytes from Patients with Psoriasis.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) regulate tissue remodeling through matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It is not yet clear whether these cytokines have a functional hierarchy in psoriasis. Serum levels of TNF (1,403 versus 1,058 pg/mL), IL-17 (1,528 versus 820 pg/mL), MMP-1 (1,999 versus 1,039 pg/mL), and MMP-9 (1,950 versus 1,561 pg/mL) were higher in psoriasis subjects (n = 60) than in control subjects (n = 60). Tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP-1; 1,374 versus 1,218 pg/mL) was lower in psoriasis subjects. Serum IL-17 was correlated with MMP-2 (rs = 0.40) and TIMP-1 (rs = -0.26) levels. Unstimulated production of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by monocytes was higher in psoriasis subjects, whereas TIMP-1 production was lower. TNF stimulation increased all MMPs, whereas TIMP-1 production was unchanged. IL-17 stimulation increased all MMPs, whereas TIMP-1 production was decreased in psoriasis subjects. MMP-9 production was higher in monocytes stimulated with IL-17 compared with TNF. TIMP-1 production was decreased more by IL-17 than by TNF, but only in psoriasis cells. MMP-1/TIMP-1, MMP-2/TIMP-1, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were higher after IL-17 stimulation (compared with TNF stimulation) in psoriasis subjects; this occurred in controls only for the MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. IL-17 has a greater ability than TNF to dysregulate the MMPs/TIMP-1 balance, supporting IL-17 blockade as first-line treatment in cutaneous psoriasis.

Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-2: A Possible Link between COVID-19 and Periodontitis

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a severe infection primarily targeting the respiratory system. However, many other extrapulmonary body organs are also&#x0D; affected with a varying degree of severity. Some evidence indicated the development of periodontist in patients, although the pathogenesis is not well-defined.&#x0D; Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association of COVID-19 severity and role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in development of periodontitis.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: This is a cross sectional study which included a total of 160 patients with COVID-19. Patients were categorized into severe and mild-moderated according to World Health Organization criteria. Periodontitis was diagnosed in those patients according to clinical criteria. Serum level of matrix metalloproteinase 2 was estimated in all patients using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic and laboratory data were obtained from the patients’ records.&#x0D; Results: Forty-two patients (26.25%) had severe COVID-19. Demographically, older ages and the presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. Besides the inflammatory markers, the median serum level of MMP-2 was higher in severe than mild-moderate COVID-19 cases (208.12 ng/ml vs. 196.33 ng/ml) with a significant difference. The PO rate in severe and mild-moderate COVID-19 was 23.81% and 10.17%, respectively, with a significant difference. The median serum MMP-2 in patients with PO was 228.5 ng/ml which was significantly higher than those without PO 193.81 ng/ml.&#x0D; Conclusions: These data indicate the significant association between COVID-19 severity and development of PO. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 could be the possible link between severe COVID-19 and PO.

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels monitor the therapeutic efficacy in Syrian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundThe plans for the successful treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seek to attain low disease activity or reach clinical remission. ObjectiveOur study aimed to compare the serum MMP-3 levels with predictors of response to therapy of rheumatoid arthritis in Syrian patients and explore its worth as a new valuable biomarker for RA therapy outcomes in daily practice. MethodsSerum samples were gathered from 43 RA patients at diagnosis and 12 weeks of therapy. Related clinical and laboratory tests were estimated, levels of serum MMP-3 were measured by ELISA method and the disease activity was assessed using disease activity scores in 28 joints with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) before and after therapy. ResultsThe mean of Serum MMP-3 levels significantly decreased (322.3 ± 43.83 ng/ml) after therapy (12 weeks) in RA patients compared to its mean at baseline (486.49 ± 34.5 ng/ml). There wasn't a statistically significant difference in the mean of MMP-3 levels before and after therapy (P = 0.137) in non-responder patients. Patients who showed a good response (N = 38) presented higher MMP-3 levels at first which subsequently decreased significantly at the 12-week follow-up (P < 0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in MMP-3 levels between the two groups of patients after therapy (P = 0.002). To differentiate between RA patients who responded to therapy and who did not, our results found that the cut-off value of serum MMP-3 was 317.8 ng/ml (sensitivity was 80%, specificity was 73%, AUC was 0.818, 95% CI: 1.114–112.5; P = 0.045) and the best cut-off value of DAS28-ESR was 5.325 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, AUC = 100%,95% CI: 15.2 to 47203.8). Conclusionserum MMP-3 can be added as a novel and valuable biomarker in estimating the therapeutic response in RA patients, but it isn't better than DAS28-ESR.

Potential Immunological Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, which has led to numerous deaths. Hence, developing an efficient diagnostic method is essential to monitor and control such deadly infectious diseases. In the current study, the serum levels of four inflammatory markers (CXCL10, CXCL9, suPAR, and MMP9) and the expression NF-κB gene were evaluated as potential immunological markers for diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculosis, using ELISA and qPCR technique respectively. Thirty new TB patients and equal numbers of under treatment TB patients and control (healthy people) were conscripted in this study. The results showed significant differences in the serum level of CXCL10 among the three groups (p value 0.003) and between new and under treatment patients (P value 0.004). A significant difference in the CXCL9 level in the serum was observed between the new TB patients and the healthy group with p value 0.028 but didn’t reach the significant level between the new and under treatment patients. The serum level of suPAR was higher in new patients (106.59pg/ml) followed by treated patients (89.66pg/ml) and lowest in healthy group (80.71pg/ml) but didn’t reach the significant level. Also, the serum level of MMP-9 did not show a significant difference between the tested groups, but it was slightly higher in new patients (21.45ng/ml) compared to the healthy group (20.70ng/ml). The amount of NF-κB gene expression was significantly higher in new patients (8.21-fold change) than in under treatment patients (2.95-fold change) in comparing with healthy people.

Clinical association study on the matrix metalloproteinase expression in the serum of patients with connective tissue disease complicated with interstitial lung disease.

This study was implemented to reveal the expression and the clinical correlation of matrix metalloproteinases (MPSs) with connective tissue disease (CTD) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). This clinical study was conducted with 260 patients (151 males, 109 females; mean age: 47.3±12.5 years; range, 29 to 67 years) between October 2019 and October 2020. Among the subjects, 100 were CTD patients (CTD group), 80 were CTD patients with ILD (CTD-ILD group) and 80 were healthy individuals (control group). The MMP-2, -3, -7, and -9 levels in the serum of the three groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of MMP-3, -7, and -9 in the CTD-ILD group were higher, while the MMP-2 level was lower than those in the CTD group and the control group. The MMP-7 level in the serum of the CTD-ILD group was positively related to C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and rheumatoid factor and negatively correlated with immunoglobulin G and complement 3. The MMP-7 expression in the serum was positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), FEV1/forced expiratory volume (FVC), and FVC in CTD-ILD patients. Pearson statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between the MMP-7 expression and the percentage of B cells in the serum of CTD-ILD patients. Expressions of MMP-3, -7, and -9 are significantly increased in the serum of patients with CTD and related interstitial lung lesions, and the high expression of MMP-7 indicates dynamic lung lesions, which is possible to be used as a possible biomarker for early diagnosis and assessment of disease progression.

Blood-Brain Barrier-Associated Proteins Are Elevated in Serum of Epilepsy Patients.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction emerges as one of the mechanisms underlying the induction of seizures and epileptogenesis. There is growing evidence that seizures also affect BBB, yet only scarce data is available regarding serum levels of BBB-associated proteins in chronic epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to assess serum levels of molecules associated with BBB in patients with epilepsy in the interictal period. Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, S100B, CCL-2, ICAM-1, P-selectin, and TSP-2 were examined in a group of 100 patients who were seizure-free for a minimum of seven days and analyzed by ELISA. The results were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group. Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and S100B were higher in patients with epilepsy in comparison to control group (p < 0.0001; <0.0001; 0.001; <0.0001; <0.0001, respectively). Levels of CCL-2, ICAM-1, P-selectin and TSP-2 did not differ between the two groups. Serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and S100B are elevated in patients with epilepsy in the interictal period, which suggests chronic processes of BBB disruption and restoration. The pathological process initiating epilepsy, in addition to seizures, is probably the factor contributing to the elevation of serum levels of the examined molecules.

Profile of matrix metalloproteinase activity, markers of collagen and elastin degradation and remodeling during pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium in pelvic organ prolapse 3 months after childbirth

Background: This study aims to assess the condition of pelvic organ prolapse related to changes in matrix metalloproteinase activity, elastin degradation and markers of collagen, and remodeling observed during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperal period 3 months postpartum. This study included 39 primigravida women who underwent vaginal delivery with a gestational age &gt;36 weeks. This study conducted laboratory tests using blood and urine samples including procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP), procollagen type-III N-propeptide (PIIINP), telopeptide carboxyl-terminal collagen type I (ICTP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP). -9), desmosin, and tropoelastin. The second and third blood samples will be examined 24-48 hours postpartum and 6 weeks postpartum. Method: The Mann-Whitney test and Repeated ANOVA were used to assess the median differences between biomarkers. Results: In the pelvic floor dysfunction and control groups, a significant relationship was found between serum MMP-9 levels 6 weeks postpartum (p=0.025). There were changes in biomarker levels of collagen and elastin during pregnancy, post-partum, and six weeks postpartum. The amount of degradation (MMP-9) seems to be correlated with the event of POP after childbirth. Conclusion: There were changes in the biomarker levels of collagen and elastin from pregnancy, post-partum, and six weeks postpartum. In addition, the difference was significant in MMP-9 level six weeks after postpartum in POP group compare to control.

Changes and clinical significance of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and immune levels in patients with asthma.

To detect serum metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and T helper cells 1-T helper cells 2 (Th1-Th2) levels in asthma patients and assess their clinical significance. A total of 72 patients experiencing acute asthma (acute group), 66 stable asthma patients (stable group), and 60 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in this study. The levels of TIMP-1, COX-2, and Th1-Th2 in patients with acute asthma were measured following treatment with budesonide aerosol inhalation. In addition, the levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2 and Th1-Th2 were compared in patients with different severity of acute asthma before and after treatment. The serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 showed an increasing trend in the control, stable, and acute groups, while levels of Th1-Th2 showed a sequential decreasing trend, and the differences were statistically significant. Comparison of lung function indexes among the three groups of patients established a negative correlation between serum MMP-9 and its forced vital capacity% predicted (FEV%pred), TIMP-1, and COX-2, and FEV%pred and forced expiratory volume in 1 s-forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) levels, but a positive correlation between Th1-Th2 and FEV1/FVC levels in the acute group. A significant difference was observed on comparing the levels of serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and Th1-Th2 in patients with different conditions in the acute group. Specifically, as the condition worsened, a significant increase in serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 levels but a significant decrease in Th1-Th2 levels was observed. After treatment, we observed a significant decrease in serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 levels but a significant increase in Th1-Th2 levels in the acute group. The serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, COX-2, and Th1-Th2 are valuable indicators reflecting the condition of asthma patients and could be considered promising clinical monitoring indicators.

The relationship between MMP-2 rs243865, MMP-9 rs398242 and CXCL-12 rs1801157 gene polymorphisms with Japanese encephalitis disease and disease outcome in North Indian population.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the most important causes of acute and uncontrolled inflammatory disease in Asia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and chemokines play a detrimental role in the host response to JE disease, aetiology, and disease outcome. Evidently, MMPs are widely circulated in the brain and regulate various process including microglial activation, inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption as well as affects central nervous system (CNS). The present study was to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of MMP-2, MMP-9 and chemokine (CXCL-12/SDF1-3') in the north Indian population. We performed case-control study comprising of 125 patients and 125 healthy controls in north Indian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and gene polymorphism have been determined by PCR-RFLP method. MMP-2, MMP-9 and CXCL-12 gene was not significantly associated with JE disease, but homozygous (T/T) genotype of MMP-2 was statically associated with disease outcome (p=0.05, OR=0.110). A/G and G/G genotype of CXCL-12 was significantly associated with severity of disease. (p=0.032, OR=5.500, p=0.037, OR= 9.167). The serum level of MMP-2 was observed significantly increased in JE patients with homozygous (T/T) genotype whereas increased MMP-9 level was associated with heterozygous genotype. MMP-2, MMP-9 and CXCL-12 gene polymorphism were not associated with JE susceptibility, but MMP-2 may be contributed to disease protection. CXCL-12 was associated with disease severity. In our concern this is the first report from northern India.

Возможности прогнозирования развития диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка у больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа

Aim: to identify risk factors for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic relevance for the development of DD. Patients and Methods: the study included 140 T1D patients (72 men and 68 women) with disease duration more than 3 years who are permanent residents of the Trans-Baikal region. The mean age was 32 years [26.5; 40] and the disease duration was 8 years [6; 11]. All patients were diagnosed with diabetes-associated cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and underwent echocardiography to evaluate LV DD using standard techniques. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), i.e., MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 were measured. In addition, the T(786)C NOS3 gene polymorphism was studied. Relevant risk factors for LV DD in patients with T1D were identified using binary logistic regression Results: 59 patients (42%) with T1D were diagnosed with diabetes-associated CAN. LV DD was diagnosed in 39 patients (27.8%) based on echocardiography. A significant increase in MMP-1 levels was revealed in T1D patients with LV DD, thereby illustrating the role of MMP activation for diabetic cardiomyopathy development. The risk of LV DD in patients with T1D is higher in homozygotic TT NOS3 Т(786)С genotype Conclusions: a model to predict the risk of LVDD based on MMP-1 level, the presence of diabetes-associated CAN, and homozygotic TT NOS3 gene variant was created using binary logistic regression. This model provides a timely diagnosis of diabetes-associated CAN in these patients. KEYWORDS: type 1 diabetes, left ventricular diastolic function, diabetic cardiomyopathy, matrix metalloproteinase-1, T(786)C NOS3 gene polymorphis FOR CITATION: Prosyanik V.I., Serebryakova O.V., Serkin D.M. Predicting the development of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(9):566–571 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-9-2.

Relevancy of Serum SuPAR, PAI-1, MMP-9 Level, And Prognosis Of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer During Diagnosis

Relevancy of Serum SuPAR, PAI-1, MMP-9 Level, And Prognosis Of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer During Diagnosis

Pomegranate peel extract, N-Acetylcysteine and their combination with Ornipural alleviate Cadmium-induced toxicity in rats.

Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant and a highly toxic metal.It was aimed to determine the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alone and along with Ornipuralon cadmium-induced toxicity. Forty-six Wistar Albino male rats were divided into 6 groups and the groups were formed into healthy control, Cadmium group (5 mg/kg/day, oral), Cadmium + Pomegranate peel extract (500 mg/kg, oral), Cadmium + N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg, oral), Cadmium + Pomegranate peel extract (500 mg/kg, oral) + Ornipural (1 mL/kg, subcutaneous) and Cadmium + N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg, oral) + Ornipural (1 mL/kg, subcutaneous). Cadmium accumulated heavily in both liver and kidney tissue. The administration of N-acetylcysteine and pomegranate peel extract alone reduced cadmium levels in both tissues. N-acetylcysteine treatment prevented the increase in ALT and MDA levels by cadmium damage. N-acetylcysteine + Ornipural treatment inhibited the increase in liver 8-OHdG level in the liver. N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine + Ornipuraltreatments prevented the reduced serum MMP2 level. N-acetylcysteine and Pomegranate peel extract + Ornipural treatments significantly reduced the increased liver iNOS level in the liver. In conclusion, NAC therapy may be a successful treatment option for cadmium toxicity. However, further research is needed on the effects of PPE and Ornipural combinations for the treatment of cadmium toxicity. In future studies, various doses of these treatment options (with chelators) should be investigated for cadmium toxicity.

Brucella Enfeksiyonuna Bağlı Osteoartritli Hastalarda Biyobelirteç Olarak Serum Metalloproteinaz-2 ve Doku İnhibitörü Metalloproteinaz-1 Seviyeleri

Objectives: It was aimed to investigate the usability of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels as biomarkers in the oosteoarticular complications of brucellosis. Methods: The subjects were categorized into three groups as the healthy control group, brucella group, and brucella patients with osteoarticular involvement groups. Before medical treatment, serum samples from patients and control groups were stored at -80ºC until the day of study. MMP-2 and TIMP-1 serum levels were quantified by the ELISA method.Results: Serum level of MMP-2 (mean ± SD) in healthy control group was 1.71 +/- 0.10 ng / mL. Brucella patient group and Osteoarticular complıcation group were 14.3 +/- 2.52 ng / ml 20.65 +/- 2.33 ng / ml respectively (p=0.001). The mean TIMP-1 level in the control group was 3578.96 +/- 67.2 ng / mL, while in the Brucella group, this rate was 998.27 +/- 66.7 ng / mL and in the bone involvement group, 1656. 17 +/- 17.3 ng / ml. The difference between the control group and the brucella patients and the complicated group was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Conclusions: We think that the significant change in serum levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 when evaluated together with the radiological method, can be used as a biochemical indicator of the development of osteoarticular complications.

Biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that frequently develops in patients with psoriasis (PsO) but can also occur spontaneously. As a result, PsA diagnosis and treatment is commonly delayed, or even missed outright due to the manifold of clinical presentations that patients often experience. This inevitably results in progressive articular damage to axial and peripheral joints and entheses. As such, patients with PsA frequently experience reduced expectancy and quality of life due to disability. More recently, research has aimed to improve PsA diagnosis and prognosis by identifying novel disease biomarkers. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on candidate biomarkers for PsA diagnosis and prognosis in MEDLINE(Pubmed), EMBase and the Cochrane library with the goal to identify clinically applicable PsA biomarkers. Meta-analyses were performed when a diagnostic bone and cartilage turnover biomarker was reported in 2 or moredifferent cohorts of PsA and control. We identified 1444 publications and 124 studies met eligibility criteria. We highlighted bone and cartilage turnover biomarkers, genetic markers, and autoantibodies used for diagnostic purposes of PsA, as well as acute phase reactant markers and bone and cartilage turnover biomarkers for activity or prognostic severity purposes. Serum cartilage oligometrix metalloproteinase levels were significantly increased in the PsA sera compared to Healthy Control (HC) with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.305 (95%CI 0.795-3.816, p=0.003) and compared to osteoarthritis (OA) with a SMD of 0.783 (95%CI 0.015-1.551, p=0.046). The pooled serum MMP-3 levels were significantly higher in PsA patients than in PsO patients with a SMD of 0.419 (95%CI 0.119-0.719; p=0.006), but no significant difference was highlighted when PsA were compared to HC. While we did not identify any new genetic biomarkers that would be useful in the diagnosis of PsA, recent data with autoantibodies appear to be promising in diagnosis, but no replication studies have been published. In summary, no specific diagnostic biomarkers for PsA were identified and further studies are needed to assess the performance of potential biomarkers that can distinguish PsA from OA and other chronic inflammatory diseases.