Serum Manganese Research Articles

SERUM MANGANESE LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER Hend Ahmed Onsi*,Gamal Samy* Aly, Manal Omar*, Michelle Sobhy**, Dina El-Alfy*. *Medical studies department for children, Faculty of Childhood Studies. **Psychological studies department for children, Faculty of Childhood Studies.

Abstract Background: ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood. Manganese is an essential micronutrient, however exposure to high doses of manganese either by ingestion or inhalation produces several adverse effects in humans. Objective: To assess whether serum manganese levels are high in children with ADHD. Methods: The present study is a case-control study that was conducted on forty patients and twenty controls from 1st September 2016 to end of December 2017. The ADHD patients were treatment-naive. Both case and control groups were assessed by history taking, Child Behavior Checklist, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder rating scale (SC4),Stanford Binet 5th edition and had their blood sample taken to measure serum Manganese levels using measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry. Results: Higher mean manganese level among ADHD cases (5.5±1) compared to controls (4.1± 0.6) respectively and the difference is highly significant statistically (P<0.001) Conclusion: We speculate that our observed relationship between ADHD diagnosis and higher Mn levels may be part of an ‘‘environmental etiology of dopamine deficits (ADHD)’’. Exposure to low/moderate but biologically relevant levels of Mn might interfere with optimal levels of dopamine in predisposed subjects leading to ADHD. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Manganese, Dopamine, Dopamine Transporter, children. قياس المنغنيز في مصل الدم فى الأطفال الذين يعانون اضطراب نقص الانتباه و فرط النشاط المقدمة: اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط هو اضطراب النمو العصبي التي يحددها نمط مستمر من الغفلة و / أو فرط النشاط والاندفاع الذي يتداخل مع عمل أو التنمية، ظهرت عليه أعراض في مکانين أو أکثر (على سبيل المثال في المنزل أو المدرسة أو العمل؛ مع الأصدقاء أو أقارب، في أنشطة أخرى).ازداد اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط الحرکة في الانتشار خلال السنوات القليلة الماضية، مما أدى إلى زيادة الوعي وحث العديد من الباحثين للبحث عن العوامل البيئية ومراقبة دور المواد السامة المختلفة في الاضطرابات العصبية النمائية بما في ذلک نقص الانتباه وفرط الحرکة. على الرغم من المنجنيز هو معدن أساسي في الجرعات الملائمة، قد ارتبط التعرض المفرط والمزمن لجرعات عالية بالسمية العصبية، مؤدية إلى السلوکية العصبية التي تنطوي على الوظائف الحرکية والمعرفية فضلا عن المشاکل النفسية ويشمل التسمم نظام الدوبامين حيث أشارت دراسات حديثة أن المنغنيز يتراکم في الخلايا العصبية للدوبامين مما يؤدى لإنخفاض مستوياته فى المخ . وقد تم أيضا ربط اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط الحرکة إلى اختلال وظائف الدوبامين حيث أن نظام الدوبامين هو الموقع الرئيسي لعمل علاج اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط الدوائي. الهدف من الدراسة ١- تقييم مستويات المنغنيز في مصل الدم في الأطفال الذين يعانون من اضطراب نقص الانتباه فرط النشاط الحرکى ٢- المقارنة بين مستويات المصل المنغنيز وشدة الأعراض والتواکب المرضي في الأطفال الذين يعانون من اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط الحرکة منهجيةالدراسة : نوع الدراسة: دراسة حالات وشواهد المرضى: أجريت هذه الدراسة على اربعين طفلا من المصابين بفرط الحرکة وتشتت الانتباه وعشرين طفل طبيعي من الجنسين الذين يترددوا على عيادة الطب النفسي بمرکز ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، جامعة عين شمس. تم اخذ التاريخ الطبي الشامل ، فحص اکلينيکي شامل، وعمل القياسات النفسية ) مقياس مستوى الذکاء Stanford Binet 5th Edition ، مقياس فرط الحرکة وتشتت الانتباه ADHD rating scale- SC4، مقياس Child Behavior Checklist، وصاحب عينة دم لتحديد مستوى المنغنيز في مصل الدم النتائج: مستويات المنغنيز في مصل الدم أعلى في الاطفال المصابين بفرط حرکة وتشتت الانتباه عن أقرانهم الطبيعيين. الخلاصة: وجودعلاقة بين اضطراب فرط الحرکة وتشتت الانتباه ومستوى المنغنيزالعالي في مصل الدم يمکن ان يعتبر سبب بيئي يؤدي لاضطراب مستويات الدوبامين .

Serum Trace Elements and Their Associations with Breast Cancer Subgroups in Korean Breast Cancer Patients

The relationships between serum levels of trace elements and breast cancer remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigate serum levels of seven trace elements in Korean breast cancer patients compared to controls without breast cancer. Serum trace element levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in Korean breast cancer patients before initiation of breast cancer treatment. Korean females without breast cancer served as a control group. Trace element levels were measured in the discovery cohort (n = 287) and were validated in an independent cohort (n = 142). We further investigated possible associations between trace element levels and the presence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or triple-negative breast cancer among breast cancer patients in subgroup analyses. Serum manganese and molybdenum levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in breast cancer patients than in controls. Serum copper levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients with distant metastasis, while selenium levels were significantly lower. Other trace elements were neither significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls nor between subgroups of breast cancer patients. Our study provides insights about the potential roles and impacts of trace elements through an assessment of the associations between trace elements and breast cancer.

Serum and Seminal Plasma Element Concentrations in Relation to Semen Quality in Duroc Boars.

Element concentrations in serum and seminal plasma were studied in Duroc boars with different semen quality characteristics. Based on the utilization rate of 2174 ejaculates from June to August in 2016, a total of 166 Duroc boars were allocated into three groups: low utilization rate group (LG, 0 to 60% utilization rate), medium utilization rate group (MG, 60 to 80%), and high utilization rate group (HG, 80 to 100%). Serum and seminal plasma samples were collected, and element levels were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that LG boars had higher concentrations of serum copper and seminal plasma cadmium compared with MG and HG boars (P < 0.05), and serum copper and seminal plasma cadmium were negatively correlated with sperm motility, while positively correlated with the abnormal sperm rate. We observed the abnormal sperm rate increased by approximately 4.53% with serum copper increasing from 1.63 to 2.44mg/L, while sperm motility decreased by approximately 2.85% with seminal plasma cadmium increasing from 0 to 0.82μg/L. Moreover, serum iron and manganese levels in the LG group were significantly reduced compared with the HG boars (P < 0.05), and the two elements were negatively correlated with the abnormal sperm rate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, excessive copper and absence of iron and manganese in serum as well as higher seminal plasma cadmium may reduce the utilization rate of semen by impairing sperm motility and morphology, indicating the importance of adding and monitoring microelements in boar diet.

Novel founder intronic variant in SLC39A14 in two families causing Manganism and potential treatment strategies

Congenital disorders of manganese metabolism are rare occurrences in children, and medical management of these disorders is complex and challenging. Homozygous exonic mutations in the manganese transporter SLC39A14 have recently been associated with a pediatric-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain manganese accumulation and clinical signs of manganese neurotoxicity, including parkinsonism-dystonia. We performed whole exome sequencing on DNA samples from two unrelated female children from the United Arab Emirates with progressive movement disorder and brain mineralization, identified a novel homozygous intronic mutation in SLC39A14 in both children, and demonstrated that the mutation leads to aberrant splicing. Both children had consistently elevated serum manganese levels and were diagnosed with SLC39A14-associated manganism. Over a four-year period, we utilized a multidisciplinary management approach for Patient 1 combining decreased manganese dietary intake and chelation with symptomatic management of dystonia. Our treatment strategy appeared to slow disease progression, but did not lead to a cure or reversal of already established deficits. Clinicians should consider testing for noncoding mutations in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of manganese metabolism and utilizing multidisciplinary approaches in the management of these disorders.

Effect of pH on dissociation of casein micelles in yak skim milk

The dissociation of yak casein (CN) micelles was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, particle size, fluorescence properties, and soluble mineral and CN molecule content at pH 4.6 to 8.2. The results showed that the size of CN micelles remained constant with decreasing pH from 8.2 to 5.8 but sharply increased at pH ≤5.4. Casein micelles began to aggregate at pH 5.4, and the serum magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese levels had their minimum values at this pH level. During acidification, colloidal calcium phosphate dramatically disassociated from yak CN micelles, but the soluble CN monomer content decreased slightly. During alkalization, the soluble calcium and phosphorus content decreased below pH 6.8 but increased with pH increases from 6.8 to 8.2. However, the soluble CN content increased markedly during alkalization. The emission wavelength of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt fluorescence decreased during both acidification and alkalization from pH 6.6, whereas the opposite was found for intrinsic fluorescence.

Zinc and Manganese of serum were negatively, but Copper positively influenced by Iron elevation in diet of male Wistar rats.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of dietary iron on distribution of zinc, manganese, copper, calcium and magnesium in the body of Wistar rats. Commercial Sangak, an Iranian traditional flat bread was used in this study. It was prepared by additionof yeast and sourdough. Different doses of iron (35, 70, 140, and 210 mg/kg per diet) were added to bread vehicle for 30 days with or without baking soda (250 mg/kg per diet). The concentrations of the above elements were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum zinc and manganese concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in rats that received higher concentrations of iron compared to the controls. Serum iron, and copper concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in dietary iron compared to the controls. Increments of dietary concentrations of iron raised the concentration of iron, zinc and manganese in the feces, and lowered the concentration of copper and calcium in the feces (P < 0.05). Diets that contained baking soda showed a statistically significant increase in phytic acid (P < 0.05). Lower serum iron was seen in rats that received baking soda with diet of the control group. Conversely, feces iron and zinc were increased in this group. It is concluded that iron absorption might interfere with zinc and manganese because of similar physicochemical properties. Knowledge about these interactions is essential when supplementation of some elements is recommended in populations with a high risk of some deficiencies such as iron and zinc.

Effective shunt closure for pulmonary hypertension and liver dysfunction in congenital portosystemic venous shunt.

Congenital portosystemic venous shunt (CPSVS) is a rare vascular malformation with a high risk of mortality from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but the treatment outcome of CPSVS closure remains elusive. Our aim was to investigate the clinical features and establish the optimal management of CPSVS with or without PAH. Twenty-four patients with CPSVS treated in Kyushu University Hospital between 1990 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into a PAH group (n = 9) and a non-PAH group (n = 15). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated. The first manifestation of CPSVS at diagnosis (28.5 [1-216] months) was hypergalactosemia in 13 (54%) or PAH in six (25%) patients. PAH was the cause of all three deaths. The PAH group had higher levels of serum total bile acid, manganese, and total bilirubin, along with higher pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) than the non-PAH group (7.2 [5.1-38.1] vs 1.2 [0.5-3.3] unit/m2 , P < 0.001). Five of nine PAH patients underwent CPSVS closure at a median of 38 months (range 21-118) after PAH diagnosis. Pulmonary artery pressure improved after CPSVS closure with PAH-specific therapy, but normal range was not achieved. CPSVS closure improved the hepatic synthetic function of four PAH patients. Eigh-t of 15 non-PAH patients who received CPSVS closure did not develop PAH for a median of 34.5 months (range 6-164) after the procedure. CPSVS closure with PAH-specific therapy successfully controlled PAH. Early CPSVS closure may prevent the occurrence and progression of PAH with CPSVS.

A Case of Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration Presenting as Hemichorea Post-Liver Transplant

Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHCD) is a rare but morbid neurological manifestation of decompensated cirrhosis. Portosystemic shunting leads to manganese deposition in the basal ganglion which is identified as bilateral hyperintense signals on T1-weighted MRI. The resulting neuronal loss leads to involuntary movements, cognitive dysfunction, Parkinsonism, or cerebellar ataxia in the absence of hepatic encephalopathy. We present a case of AHCD with several unique features: 1) initial presentation post-liver transplant (OLT), 2) no clinical or radiographical evidence of portosystemic shunting, and 3) unilateral basal ganglia hyperintensity. A 57-year-old man with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (stage III) underwent OLT for hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis 3 years prior to presentation. His post-transplant course was complicated by continued alcohol abuse, steroid-induced hyperglycemia, and acute cellular rejection without fibrosis 4 months prior. Prescriptions included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, nifedipine, and insulin with questionable adherence. He had no personal or family history of movement disorders. His chief complaint was one month of progressive, uncontrollable right-sided arm and leg movements in a writhing, non-rhythmic pattern. He was afebrile. Physical exam was notable for right-sided hemichorea with normal strength, finger-to-nose test, reflexes, and sensation. He displayed no altered-mental status, asterixis, nystagmus, hepatosplenomegaly or ascites. Labs were notable for total bilirubin 1.3 mg/dL, Alk Phos 43 U/L, AST/ALT 117/65 U/L, blood alchohol level 103 mg/dL. INR 1.0 and platelets 141 x103/μL. Electrolytes, glucose and creatinine were normal. HgbA1c 6.0%. Tacrolimus level undetectable. Serum iron, zinc, lead, and manganese levels were normal. MRI brain notable for T1 hyperintensities in the left globus pallidus without evidence of hemorrhage or acute ischemia (Figure 1). He was treated with haloperidol 1mg twice daily which mildly suppressed the hemichorea and allowed discharge with close neurology follow-up. Symptoms of ACHD often improve with resolution of portosystemic shunting post-OLT. However, we present a case of new onset ACHD in a post-transplant patient without evidence of portosystemic shunting. This illustrates that ACHD remains a poorly understood disorder that should be considered in patients with typical findings and a history of cirrhosis, even after liver transplantation.Figure: T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain without contrast in axial view (A) and sagittal view (B) of hyperintensity in the left globus without evidence of hemorrhage or acute ischemia.

Evaluation of flesh and serum concentrations of Al, Zn, Mn and Sb in African cat fish (&lt;i&gt;Clarias gariepinus&lt;/i&gt;) reared in plastic ponds in Benin City, Nigeria

Fishing in both natural and artificial habitats is a major occupation in Nigeria. Fishing in plastic ponds is one of such artificial habitats. This study seeks to determine and compare the bioaccumulation of selected toxic and essential trace metals-Aluminum, Antimony, Manganese and Zinc in body, serum and water habitat of Clarias gariepinus obtained from five different plastic fish ponds in Benin metropolis, using fishes from Ikpoba River as control. Catfish were obtained from five different farms and the controls were from Ikpoba River. The concentrations of Aluminum, Antimony, Manganese and Zinc were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer. Results revealed that pond A Mn concentration (75.7 ± 1.2 mg/g),was lowest, and followed by pond B (96.8 ± 1.5). The level of Zn in body of pond A, B, C, D were all high ( p <0.001). High level of Antimony was observed in pond A, B, C and D ranging from (0.019 ± 0.001 to 0.020 ± 0.0005mg/g). Zinc level was high in pond A, C, D, E ranging from (118.8±3.4 to 124.8±1.0 mg/g. Sb is slightly high in pond B, C, D with a range of (0.018±0.001 to 0.021±0.001) but was low in pond A (0.002±0.000) when compared with control (0.003±0.000). The above results were all statistically significant at ( p <0.001).This study demonstrated an increase in the body and serum levels of toxic metals in Clarias gariepinus across the various ponds and the control river. The concentrations of aluminum, antimony, manganese and zinc in the body and serum of Clarias gariepinus were above the WHO recommended limit for fish and fish products. Hence, it is concluded that these metals have been bio-accumulated in the tissues and organs of these fish and may therefore pose an immediate threat on the health of consumers of fish and fish products from these various plastic ponds within Benin metropolis. Keywords: Toxic, Trace, Metals, Cat-fish, Plastic ponds

Assessment of gender and age effects on serum and hair trace element levels in children with autism spectrum disorder

The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of essential trace elements in hair and serum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and investigate the age and gender effects. Children with ASD were characterized by significantly higher levels of copper (Cu) (+8%), iron (Fe) (+5%), and selenium (Se) (+13%) levels in hair and only 8% higher serum Cu levels. After stratification for gender, ASD boys were characterized by significantly increased hair Cu (+ 25%), Fe (+ 25%), and Se (+ 9%) levels, whereas in girls only Se content was elevated (+ 15%). Boys and girls suffering from ASD were characterized by significantly higher serum manganese (Mn) (+20%) and Cu (+18%) as compared to the control values, respectively. In the group of younger children (2-5years), no significant group difference in hair trace element levels was detected, whereas serum Cu levels were significantly higher (+7%). In turn, the serum concentration of Se in ASD children was 11% lower than that in neurotypical children. In the group of older children with ASD (6-10years), hair Fe and Se levels were 21% and 16% higher, whereas in serum only Cu levels were increased (+12%) as compared to the controls. Correlation analysis also revealed a different relationship between serum and hair trace element levels with respect to gender and age. Therefore, it is highly recommended to assess several bioindicative matrices for critical evaluation of trace element status in patients with ASD in order to develop adequate personalized nutritional correction.

The Role of Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation in Anemia and Mineral Disturbances Induced by 4-Tert-Octylphenol Toxicity

ABSTRACT4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that causes harmful effects to human health. Chlorogenic acid is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods and beverages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective role of chlorogenic acid in anemia and mineral disturbance occurring in OP toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four equal groups (8 rats/group) as follows. The first (control) group was treated daily with an oral dose of 1 ml saline for two weeks. The second group was treated daily with an oral dose of 60 mg chlorogenic acid/kg body weight for two weeks. The third and fourth groups received daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections with 100 mg OP/kg body weight for two weeks; the fourth group was treated daily with an oral dose of 60 mg chlorogenic acid/kg body weight for three weeks starting one week before OP injections. The results revealed that OP induced significant decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophil percent, transferrin receptor, serum calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, chloride, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, significant increases in serum hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin, erythropoietin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl levels were found in OP groups. OP exposure also induced cell apoptosis. Chlorogenic acid pretreatment in OP-treated groups restored all the mentioned parameters to approach the normal values. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid protects from anemia and mineral disturbances in 4-tert-octylphenol toxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population

Manganese(Mn) is both essential and toxic for humans, mainly depending on the total levels and its species. Main sources of exposure include food and air pollution, particularly motorized traffic. We sought to determine the potential influence of these sources on serum total levels of Mn and Mn species. We selected a random sample of municipality residents from an Italian urban municipality, from whom we collected detailed personal information, dietary habits and a blood sample for serum Mn determination. We also assessed outdoor air Mn exposure, by modeling levels of particulate matter ≤10µm(PM10) from motorized traffic at the residence of geocoded subjects. Serum Mn species generally showed higher levels in males and positive correlation with age, while no such differences were found according to smoking habits or use of dietary supplements. Among nutrients, only iron intake showed a relation with Mn [an inverse correlation with Mn‑ferritin(Mn‑Fer) and a direct one with inorganic‑Mn(Inorg‑Mn)]. Meat consumption directly correlated and fish and seafood inversely correlated with total Mn, Mn‑transferrin(Mn‑Tf) and Mn-citrate(Mn-Cit). Fruits and vegetables, including legumes and nuts, generally showed a positive correlation with all Mn species, especially Mn‑Cit, and an inverse one with Inorg‑Mn. Odds ratios(ORs) of having serum Mn levels above median value increased with increasing PM10 tertiles, with an OR for highest‑to‑lowest tertile of 7.40 (1.36‑40.25) in multivariate analysis. Analyses for Mn species did not highlight a clear comparable pattern. In conclusion, our results seem to demonstrate that PM10 exposure positively influences total Mn serum levels, while single Mn species show conflicting results.

AssociationofSerumManganeseLevelswith Alzheimer'sDiseaseandMildCognitiveImpairment: ASystematicReviewandMeta-Analysis.

Manganese (Mn) is one of the most studied environmental heavy metals linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether serum Mn levels are associated with AD and mild cognition impairment (MCI, a prodromal stage of AD). We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the serum Mn levels in patients with AD and MCI. A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) identified 17 studies, including 836 cases and 1254 health controls (HC). Random-effects meta-analysis showed that patients with AD had significantly reduced serum Mn levels compared with HC subjects (SMD = −0.39; 95% CI (−0.71, −0.08); p = 0.015). MCI individuals had a tendency toward reduced serum Mn levels compared with HC subjects (SMD = −0.31; 95% CI (−0.70, 0.08); p = 0.117). A significant decrease in serum Mn levels was found in patients with cognitive impairment (including both AD patients and MCI patients) (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI (−0.60; −0.13); p = 0.002). Finally, no significant differences were observed between AD and MCI patients in serum levels (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI (−0.23, 0.72); p = 0.310). Our findings show that the serum Mn levels are lower in AD patients, and Mn deficiency may be a risk factor for AD.

Micronutrients Drift During Daily and Weekly Iron Supplementation in Non-anaemic and Anaemic Pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a phenomenon associated with dynamic changes in physical, mental and biochemical status of body and demands increased nutritional intake for developing foetus. The level of various micronutrients which act as co-factors for antioxidant enzymes or it-self as antioxidants gets altered with the progression of pregnancy. The present longitudinal study summarized the trend of selected micronutrients level in anaemic (AP) and non-anaemic primigravida (NAP) supplemented with daily and weekly oral iron folic acid (IFA) tablet during pregnancy and postpartum. A total of 200 primigravida {N=100; NAP (Hb>11g/dl) and N=100 AP (Hb=8-11g/dl) assigned daily (N=50) and weekly (N=50) supplementation} were recruited and overnight fasting blood samples were withdrawn at 13-16weeks, after 3months and 6weeks postpartum. The serum iron, copper, zinc, magnesium and manganese were estimated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer. Serum manganese (p<0.05) at baseline and magnesium (p<0.01) at postpartum was significantly different between NAP and AP supplemented with daily IFA tablets. The trend of copper found to be increased during pregnancy and later declined at postpartum in both the groups. Daily supplementation resulted in significantly high iron (p<0.05) in NAP during third trimester. Hypozincemia and hypomagnesemia was observed in anaemic pregnancy supplemented with weekly and daily IFA respectively. Clear evidence of altered micronutrients levels during healthy and anaemic pregnancy was seen. The reference values may be drawn from this study for the nutritional assessment during pregnancy for healthy pregnancy outcomes. Clinical Trial Registry-India, http://ctri.nic.in, CTRI/2014/10/005135.

Serum zinc and manganese levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Serum level of several trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) levels are altered in type 2 DM and its deficiencies are associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications.Objective: To assess the serum zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. Fifty type 2 diabetic subjects with age ranging from 40 to 55 years of both sexes were study group and 50 age, sex and BMI matched healthy subjects were control group. Patients were selected from Bangladesh Institute of Research for Diabetic Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka. Serum Zn and Mn levels were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For statistical analysis, unpaired Student’s‘t’ test and chi square test was performed.Results: In this study, mean serum zinc and manganese levels were significantly (P&lt;0.001) lower in the study group than that of control group. In addition, hypozincemia in 36% and hypomanganesemia in 18% of diabetic patients were observed and which was significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher than those of control.Conclusion: From this study, it may be concluded that serum zinc and manganese deficiencies may develop as diabetes related complications.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, December; 11(2): 50-53

Comparative Analysis of Serum Mineral Levels and Parasite Load in Goats Naturally Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum mineral levels and parasite load in Saanen (n=37) and Damascus (n=13) goats, which were all approximately 2 months pregnant and naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. To determine parasite concentration individually, fecal samples were taken from each goat, and the eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was detected via a modified McMaster technique. To investigate the possible effects of parasite concentration on serum mineral levels, blood was drawn from the goats and serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, nickel, and cadmium levels were measured via the ICP-OES technique. In a correlation analysis of the individual EPG values and mineral levels performed on the basis of the species, it was seen that increased egg numbers did not cause a statistically significant increase or decrease in Saanens except for cadmium (significant moderate positive correlation, p<0.05) for both species. A comparison of the mineral element levels with the lower and upper normal limits in the published literature found that manganese and iron were below the normal range, while zinc and calcium levels were close to the lower limits. It is estimated that the effect of parasite load, which continuously increases with the progression of pregnancy and deliveries, on blood mineral levels would be much more significant.

Supplementation of α-Tocopherol Attenuates Minerals Disturbance, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Occurring in Favism

The favism is a metabolic disease that characterized with an acute hemolytic anemia where α-tocopherol is a type of tocopherol accumulated inside the human body. The objective of such a study was established to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol in favism disorders. A total of 75 human cases were divided into 5 groups as follow; group 1 normal cases without any treatment and group 2 normal cases orally administrated α-tocopherol (200mg/kg) once a day over 30days period. Group 3 favism patients without any treatment. Groups 4 and 5 favism patients orally administrated 100 and 200mg α-tocopherol/kg, respectively once a day over 30days period. The results obtained revealed that oral administration of α-tocopherol into normal cases over 30days period did not induce any biological change. In favism, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cells, serum glucose, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, blood glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and serum calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and chloride levels were significantly decreased. On the other hand, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper and iron, malondialdehyde levels showed significant increase in favism. Supplementation with α-tocopherol into favism restores all the above mentioned parameters to approach the normal levels. Also, α-tocopherol has anti-apoptotic effect in favism. In conclusion, α-tocopherol attenuates minerals disturbance, oxidative stress and apoptosis occurring in favism.

ВМІСТ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ В СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ТІЛЬНИХ КОРІВ РІЗНИХ БІОГЕОХІМІЧНИХ ПРОВІНЦІЙ

The article presents data on the content of certain trace elements in the blood serum of healthy and signs of micronutrient malnutrition calf cows from different biogeochemical provinces. The content of certain trace elements in the blood serum of healthy calf cows from different biogeochemical provinces varies significantly, however, is in the physiological range. In terms of biogeochemical province Ternopil region set reduction iodine and zinc in serum of cows at 2 – 23% to reflect the animal’s south–eastern provinces of Dnipropetrovsk, Sumy, Nikolaev and Donetsk regions. Serum animal’s biogeochemical province Sumy Oblast lowest content of copper, manganese and cobalt. Soils northeastern provinces biogeochemical obviously richer data micronutrients, resulting from the higher their content in blood serum of cows, however, the data is also not homogeneous. Serum cow’s biogeochemical province Dnipropetrovsk region below iodine, copper and cobalt at higher zinc and manganese compared to the figures of animal’s biogeochemical provinces Mykolayiv and Donetsk region. Even in clinically healthy cows of the experimental farms zinc in serum rather low (14.8 – 17.4 mmol/l). In animals with signs of disease on the lack of trace elements zinc in serum is lower at 17 – 29% (r ≤ 0.05 – 0.01) from healthy animals. Moreover, lowest zinc in the blood serum of animal’s biogeochemical province Ternopil region.In clinically healthy animals with biogeochemical province Dnipropetrovsk region manganese content in serum is the highest (4.10 ± 0.15 mmol/l), and even in animals with clinical signs of the disease was not significantly changed, whereas in animals from other provinces manganese content within 1.96 – 2.32 mmol/l, respectively 25 – 41% (r ≤ 0.01 – 0.001) below that of the clinically healthy animals in respective farms. The authentic reduction iodine, copper, manganese, cobalt and zinc in serum of animals with signs lack micronutrients different biogeochemical provinces. Thus, the iodine content in the blood serum of animals with signs lack micronutrients was at 16 – 24% Zinc at 17–29, on 22.6 – 41.1% copper, cobalt to manganese and 2.4 – 51% to 25 – 41% below that of the clinically healthy animals.

Early primary biliary cholangitis is characterised by brain abnormalities on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging.

SummaryBackgroundBrain change can occur in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), potentially as a result of cholestatic and/or inflammatory processes. This change is linked to systemic symptoms of fatigue and cognitive impairment.AimTo identify whether brain change occurs early in PBC. If the change develops early and is progressive, it may explain the difficulty in treating these symptoms.MethodsEarly disease brain change was explored in 13 patients with newly diagnosed biopsy‐proven precirrhotic PBC using magnetisation transfer, diffusion‐weighted imaging and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results were compared to 17 healthy volunteers.ResultsCerebral magnetisation transfer ratios were reduced in early PBC, compared to healthy volunteers, in the thalamus, putamen and head of caudate with no greater reduction in patients with greater symptom severity. Mean apparent diffusion coefficients were increased in the thalamus only. No 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy abnormalities were seen. Serum manganese levels were elevated in all PBC patients, but no relationship was seen with imaging or symptom parameters. There were no correlations between neuroimaging data, laboratory data, symptom severity scores or age.ConclusionsThis is the first study to be performed in this precirrhotic patient population, and we have highlighted that neuroimaging changes are present at a much earlier stage than previously demonstrated. The neuroimaging abnormalities suggest that the brain changes seen in PBC occur early in the pathological process, even before significant liver damage has occurred. If such changes are linked to symptom pathogenesis, this could have important implications for the timing of second‐line‐therapy use.

PS 08-32 THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON HYPERTENSION IN PATIENT WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Objective: Manganese (Mn) is one of the essential trace minerals and known to have anti-oxidative functions which could be related to regulate blood pressure. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between serum manganese levels and the blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Design and Method: This study was a cross-sectional study based on the hospitalized patients with kidney problem. Total 200 patients were enrolled, and they were divided into two groups according to the level of manganese. Cut-off value was 8 ug/L, which was the highest normal range of the protocol of the our center policy. Results: High manganese group significantly showed lower systolic blood pressure (127.1 ± 19.1 vs. 138.2 ± 30.1;p = 0.002) and higher eGFR level (60.2 ± 74.0 vs. 21.9 ± 28.8; p = 0.000). Also we analyzed the association between systolic blood pressure and 3 tertile groups of manganese level which showed significant difference (138.0 ± 30.3, 126.8 ± 19.5, 127.6 ± 18.9, respectively; p = 0.010). But there was no significant correlation between blood manganese level and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: These results suggest the protective effect of manganese in systolic blood pressure and chronic kidney disease.