Serum Concentrations Of Manganese Research Articles

A study on the mediating role of serum hormones in the effects of heavy metals on preeclampsia

Exposure to environmental heavy metals may pose a risk factor for developing preeclampsia (PE) modified through intervention. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between serum heavy metal concentrations and PE in pregnant women and whether hormones served as mediating factors in the impact of heavy metals on PE. From October 2020 to 2022, 160 patients with PE and 160 pregnant women with normal deliveries were recruited at Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital. Serum concentrations of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), cortisol (Cort), and cortisone (Cor) were measured. Logistic, restricted cubic splines, weighted quantile sum and multivariate linear regression models were employed to account for different aspects and explore the relationships among heavy metals, hormones, and PE. Mediation model analysis was performed to assess the role of hormones in mediation. The median concentrations of Mn, E2, and Cort were lower in the PE group than in the control group. The median concentrations of Cu, Zn, β-hCG, and T were higher in the PE than in the control. Mn, E2, and Cort showed negative associations with PE, while Cu, Zn, β-hCG, and T demonstrated positive associations, as determined through logistic regression. Mn, Cu, and Zn displayed linear dose-response relationships with PE. Zn and Cu had high weights in the positive association model of mixed heavy metal exposure with PE. The mediation analysis revealed that serum E2, P, T, Cort, and Cort/Cor might be potential mediators of the association between heavy metals (Mn, Cu, and Zn) and PE.

The relationship between serum manganese concentration with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a retrospective and population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe study aimed to explore the association between manganese concentration and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related, and cancer-related mortality in the general population of the United States.MethodsWe integrated the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. A total of 9,207 subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relationship between manganese concentration and all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality was analyzed by constructing a Cox proportional hazard regression model and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot. Additionally, subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic heart disease, chronic heart failure, angina pectoris, heart attack, stroke, and BMI were further performed.ResultsIn the full adjusted model, compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality across manganese quartiles were (1.11 (0.87,1.41), 0.96 (0.74, 1.23), and 1.23 (0.96, 1.59); P-value for trend =0.041), (0.86 (0.54, 1.37), 0.87 (0.55, 1.40), and 1.07 (0.67, 1.72); P-value for trend =0.906), and (1.45 (0.92, 2.29), 1.14 (0.70, 1.88), and 1.26 (0.75, 2.11); P-value for trend =0.526), respectively. The RCS curve shown a U-shaped association between manganese concentration and all-cause mortality and CVD-related mortality (P-value for nonlinear <0.05). However, there was an increase and then a decrease in the link between manganese concentration and cancer-related mortality (P-value for nonlinear <0.05). Manganese exposure was positively correlated with sex (correlation coefficient, r =0.19, P-value <0.001) and negatively correlated with age (correlation coefficient, r =-0.11, P-value <0.001) and serum creatinine (correlation coefficient, r =-0.12, P-value <0.001), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that elevated serum manganese concentrations are associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality in the U.S. population and that maintenance of serum manganese between 8.67-9.23 µg/L may promote public health.

Fostering healthy aging through selective nutrition: A long-term comparison of two dietary patterns and their holistic impact on mineral status in middle-aged individuals—A randomized controlled intervention trial in Germany

Aging is associated with a decline in physiological functions and an increased risk of age-related diseases, emphasizing the importance of identifying dietary strategies for healthy aging. Minerals play a crucial role in maintaining optimal health during aging, making them relevant targets for investigation. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effect of different dietary pattern on mineral status in the elderly. We included 502 individuals aged 50–80 years in a 36-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) (NutriAct study). This article focuses on the results within the two-year intervention period. NutriAct is not a mineral-modulating-targeted intervention study, rather examining nutrition in the context of healthy aging in general. However, mineral status might be affected in an incidental manner. Participants were assigned to either NutriAct dietary pattern (proportionate intake of total energy consumption (%E) of 35–45 %E carbohydrates, 35–40 %E fats, and 15–25 %E protein) or the German Nutrition Society (DGE) dietary pattern (proportionate intake of total energy consumption (%E) of 55 %E carbohydrates, 30 %E fats, and 15 %E protein), differing in the composition of macronutrients. Data from 368 participants regarding dietary intake (energy, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc) and serum mineral concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, and manganese, free zinc, and selenoprotein P were analyzed at baseline, as well as after 12 and 24 months to gain comprehensive insight into the characteristics of the mineral status. Additionally, inflammatory status - sensitive to changes in mineral status - was assessed by measurement of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. At baseline, inadequate dietary mineral intake and low serum concentrations of zinc and selenium were observed in both dietary patterns. Throughout two years, serum zinc concentrations decreased, while an increase of serum selenium, manganese and magnesium concentrations was observable, likely influenced by both dietary interventions. No significant changes were observed for serum calcium, iron, copper, or iodine concentrations. In conclusion, long-term dietary interventions can influence serum mineral concentrations in a middle-aged population. Our findings provide valuable insights into the associations between dietary habits, mineral status, and disease, contributing to dietary strategies for healthy aging.

Serum Trace Minerals Profile in Anestrus Buffaloes Treated With Different Estrus Synchronization Protocols

The present study was conducted to analyse the serum trace minerals (copper, cobalt, iron, zinc, manganese and selenium) concentration in postpartum anestrus buffaloes. A total of 24 postpartum anestrus buffaloes were randomly selected after taking reproductive history and gynaeco-clinical examination 10 days apart. These 24 animals were divided into four groups; Group A (Ovsynch), Group B (Heatsynch) and Group C (CIDR plus Ovsynch) and Control group (no treatment) each containing six animals. Blood sample was collected on day 0, 7, 9 and 10 of treatment and serum was analysed for various trace minerals. The mean serum copper level (µg/ml) increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) from day 0 to day 7, 9 and 10 in group A, B and C. The mean serum cobalt concentration increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) from day 0 to day 7, 9 and 10 in group A, B and C. Serum iron concentration increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) from day 0 to day 9 and 10 except on day 7 in group A, B and C and on day 9 in group A. The mean zinc level (µg/ml) increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in group B and C on day 9 and 10 except day 7. The serum manganese concentration on day 0 increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) to day 9 and 10, the value on day 0 was also found significant from day 7 in group C. The mean serum selenium, the value on day 0 increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) to day 7, 9 and 10 in group A, B and C except the value on day 7 in group B. Thus, it could be concluded that deficiency of copper, iron, zinc and selenium either alone or in combination could be responsible for anestrus condition. By improving the trace minerals status, fertility can be improved in buffaloes.

Serum Mineral Levels and Haematobiochemical Parameters in Buffalo Calves with Allotriophagy (Pica Syndrome)

Pica is defined as a depraved or abnormal appetite characterized by licking and eating non-nutritive substances. The aim of this study was to report changes in the serum mineral levels and haematobiochemical parameters of buffalo calves with pica. The study included 30 buffalo calves exhibiting pica behaviour, such as licking stall walls or eating wool and non-food items (pica group), and 6 buffalo calves without the signs of pica behaviour (control group). The age of both groups ranged between 1 and 6 months. In the pica group, the haematological analysis revealed a decrease in red blood cells (P &lt; 0.001) and red cell distribution width (P &lt; 0.05) as well as an increase in the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (P &lt; 0.001), whereas the biochemical parameters were characterized by an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (P &lt; 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (P &lt; 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (P &lt; 0.05) levels and a decrease in creatinine and glucose (P &lt; 0.01) levels. Furthermore, the pica group showed a significant decrease in serum manganese, iron, zinc, selenium (P &lt; 0.001) and copper (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations. In conclusion, it was determined that deficiencies in the levels of serum iron, copper, zinc, manganese and selenium play an important role in the aetiology of pica in buffalo calves.

Association between serum manganese levels and diabetes in Chinese adults with hypertension.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal element that is associated with diabetes; however, the results of previous studies are inconsistent. Furthermore, few studies have been conducted in a hypertensive population. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between manganese and diabetes in a population with hypertension. A cross‐sectional study was conducted, including 2575 hypertensive individuals from 14 provinces in China. Serum manganese concentrations were measured by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method. And logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between serum manganese and the risk of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes was 27.0% in this hypertensive population. In logistic regression models, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes in tertile subgroups were 1.40 (1.12, 1.76) and 1.32 (1.05, 1.65) for tertiles 1 and tertiles 3, respectively, compared to tertile 2 (reference). Additionally, an interaction between sex and manganese was observed. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes were 1.29 (0.95, 1.75) and 0.96 (0.70, 1.31) for tertiles 1 and tertiles 3 among males, and 1.44 (1.01, 2.04) and 1.81 (1.29, 2.55) for tertiles 1 and tertiles 3 among females, respectively, compared to tertile 2. In conclusion, a U‐shaped association between serum manganese and diabetes was observed in a Chinese population with hypertension, and the association was modified by sex.

The association between manganese exposure with cardiovascular disease in older adults: NHANES 2011–2018

The aim of the current study was to explore possible connections between manganese exposure and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older US adults. The relationship between serum manganese levels and CVD was explored in 2427 people aged 60 years and over using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011–2018). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to investigate associations between CVD risk factors and serum manganese concentration. The relationship between manganese levels and the prevalence of CVD was probed using generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline curves. Stratified subgroup analysis was subsequently constructed to rule out spurious interactions between variables and manganese. Compared with the lowest quartile, the modified odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD prevalence across the manganese quartiles were 0.71 (OR: 0.51; CI: 1.00), 0.70 (0.50, 0.99), and 0.49 (0.34, 0.72). In the full adjusted model, a prominent negative relationship was observed between serum manganese concentration and CVD. A restricted cubic spline curve was used to show a nonlinear negative relationship between manganese concentration and CVD. In summary, manganese levels are negatively correlated with the risk of CVD in a nation-wide study of older US adults.

Elevated serum manganese concentration in dogs as a possible predisposing factor of cerebral babesiosis in dogs.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate a relationship between the occurrence of clinical signs of brain involvement in dogs with babesiosis and the concentration of manganese (Mn) in their serum. The study included seven dogs with early babesiosis (Group 1), seven dogs with cerebral babesiosis (Group 2) and seven healthy dogs (Group 3). Haematological and biochemical blood tests were performed in all dogs, and the results were analysed statistically. The Mann-Whitney rank test was used to demonstrate the differences in Mn concentrations, as well as other haematological and biochemical parameters between groups. In dogs in Group 2 with cerebral babesiosis, as compared to dogs in Groups 1 and 3, a statistically significant increase in serum Mn concentration was shown (P = 0.002 and P = 0.029) that may have been associated with the development of anaemia and/or impairment of liver function. Given the well-established neurotoxic effects of Mn in humans, experimental rodents and primates, additional studies on the role of Mn in the pathogenesis of the cerebral form of canine babesiosis are warranted.

Internal metal(loid)s are potentially involved in the association between ambient fine particulate matter and blood pressure: A repeated-measurement study in north China

The effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on blood pressure have been widely reported. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the underlying roles of particulate matter components. We aimed to investigate the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure, as well as the potential effects of trace metal(loid)s, in a repeated-measurement study that enrolled women of childbearing age. Our study included 35 participants from Hebei Province, China, each of whom was visited for five times. During each visit, we conducted questionnaire surveys, measured blood pressure, and collected blood. The daily PM2.5 exposure of participants was estimated according to their residential addresses using a spatiotemporal model that combined monitoring data with satellite measurements and chemical-transport model simulations. This model was used to calculate average PM2.5 concentrations in 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days prior to each visit. Serum concentrations of various trace metal(loid)s were measured. A linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations among study variables. Overall, the mean (standard deviation) 60 days PM2.5 concentration over all five visits was 108.1(43.3) μg/m3. PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Likewise, ambient PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with serum concentrations of manganese and arsenic, and negatively associated with serum concentrations of nickel, tin, and chromium. Only the serum concentration of molybdenum was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure. We concluded that ambient PM2.5 exposure may contribute to elevated blood pressure, potentially by interfering with internal intake of various metal(loid)s in the human body.

The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Trace Elements in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: The study was investigate serum zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in relation to hormone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Materials and Methods: Fourty women between 18-40 years of age diagnosed with PCOS. We also seleceted 40 healty volunteers as the control group. Serum Zn, Cr, Mn, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations were determined. Results: Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, DHEA-S levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group, while FSH and Mn levels were significantly lower in the HOMA-IR group than in the control group (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: A possible association is perceptible in our study between some of serum trace elements and women with PCOS. The association attains a connotative level with the involvement of IR in it. Additional studies evaluating the effects of these elements supplementation would be required to confirm the hypothesis as well as to ascertain whether insulin resistance in the presence of manganese deficiency can directly lead to oxidative stress.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection Influenced Trace Element Homeostasis, Impaired Antioxidant Function, and Induced Inflammation Response in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) caused huge diseases and economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. Understanding the infection mechanism might help develop new strategies for controlling pathogen outbreak. Redistribution of trace element homeostasis, accompanied by impairment of antioxidant status and immune response, was observed during various infections. Accordingly, we hypothesized that V. parahaemolyticus infection might influence trace element homeostasis, impair antioxidant function, and induce inflammation response in shrimp. In the present study, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of V. parahaemolyticus infection on trace element homeostasis, antioxidant status, and inflammation response in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei). The results showed that compared with the control group, V. parahaemolyticus infection significantly increased (P < 0.05) intestinal V. parahaemolyticus number, serum copper (Cu) concentration at 24, 48, and 72h and significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) concentrations at 24h but decreased (P < 0.05) at 72h. The intestinal gene expressions of metal transporters ZIP13, CTR1, and MT1 were significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72h, and DMT1 was significantly decreased at 48h and 72h in the infection group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were suppressed at 48h and 72h, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased at 24, 48, and 72h in the infection group; the pro-inflammatory genes including necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF), and Ras-related protein Rab6A (RAB6A) were significantly upregulated at 48 and 72h in the infection group. These results suggest that V. parahaemolyticus infection influenced trace element homeostasis, impaired antioxidant function, and induced inflammation response in L. vannamei, which might help understand the infection mechanism. The results provide a better understanding of the L. vannamei and V. parahaemolyticus interactions and may deliver the basis for further research in preventing the bacterial diseases.

Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement on the immune response of dairy calves

On a spring calving, pastoral dairy farm, the first 40 heifer calves born after calving mid-point (50% of the herd calved) were blood sampled within 24 h. Thirty were selected, using stratified randomisation to form two equal groups (treatment and control) with the same distribution of serum total protein, copper, selenium, zinc, and manganese concentrations, age and breed. From the remaining 10 calves, five were randomly selected into a sentinel group to assess field exposure to Salmonella spp.All calves received two injections of a killed vaccine containing Salmonella spp. antigens at 2 and 6 weeks of age. Concurrently, the treatment group were injected with 1 mL/50 kg trace mineral supplement (TMS) containing 40 mg zinc, 10 mg manganese, 5 mg selenium, 15 mg copper per mL. Sentinel animals received no injections. All animals were bled from 2 to 9 weeks for assay of immune function. At three and four weeks, white blood cells from TMS calves had an increased percentage of cells phagocytosing (effect size = 9.36 and 4.35) and increased number of bacteria ingested per cell (effect size = 0.93 and 1.52). No differences were detected in gamma interferon response (effect size <0.15) or Salmonella sp. antibody titres (effect size <0.20).

Social impairment in 6-year-old children exposed to manganese during prenatal and postnatal periods

TPS 631: Metals and health 1, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 27, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background: Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals, but excess intake of Mn can lead to adverse developmental outcome. Several studies have suggested associations between manganese exposure and neurodevelopment in children, but studies on IQ scores have been focused, and research on social impairment is still limited. In this study, we assessed the relationship between manganese exposure and social impairment in 6-year-old children. Methods: We conducted an analysis of 512 participants in the Environment and Development of Children (EDC) Study who were 6 years old from 2015 to 2016. Manganese concentration was measured in children’s blood at 6 years of age. We evaluated the association between blood Mn concentration and social impairment using Korean version of the Social Communication Questionnaire (K-SCQ). We also assessed the association between prenatal manganese exposure and social impairment in children. Results: The mean Mn concentration in children’s blood at 6 years of age was 12.749 μg/L. Blood Mn concentration was significantly associated with a decrease in the social impairment in children (β = -0.253, P = 0.011). When stratified by gender, boys showed meaningful decrease in social impairment (β = -0.417, P = 0.002), and girls were not related (β = -0.062, P = 0.679). In addition, maternal serum manganese concentrations showed a U-shaped relationship with the social impairment of 6-year-old children, and this tendency was remarkable in boys. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that exposure to Mn in 6-year old children decreases children’s social impairment, particularly in boys. On the other hand, there was a U-shaped relationship in prenatal exposure to manganese.

Zinc and Manganese of serum were negatively, but Copper positively influenced by Iron elevation in diet of male Wistar rats.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of dietary iron on distribution of zinc, manganese, copper, calcium and magnesium in the body of Wistar rats. Commercial Sangak, an Iranian traditional flat bread was used in this study. It was prepared by additionof yeast and sourdough. Different doses of iron (35, 70, 140, and 210 mg/kg per diet) were added to bread vehicle for 30 days with or without baking soda (250 mg/kg per diet). The concentrations of the above elements were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum zinc and manganese concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in rats that received higher concentrations of iron compared to the controls. Serum iron, and copper concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in dietary iron compared to the controls. Increments of dietary concentrations of iron raised the concentration of iron, zinc and manganese in the feces, and lowered the concentration of copper and calcium in the feces (P < 0.05). Diets that contained baking soda showed a statistically significant increase in phytic acid (P < 0.05). Lower serum iron was seen in rats that received baking soda with diet of the control group. Conversely, feces iron and zinc were increased in this group. It is concluded that iron absorption might interfere with zinc and manganese because of similar physicochemical properties. Knowledge about these interactions is essential when supplementation of some elements is recommended in populations with a high risk of some deficiencies such as iron and zinc.

Serum Manganese, Serum Iron and Ferritin Concentrations among Welders of Shipyard of Arab Contractors in Ismailia City

Serum Manganese, Serum Iron and Ferritin Concentrations among Welders of Shipyard of Arab Contractors in Ismailia City

Serum metabolic and minerals profile in norgestomet primed postpartum anestrous surti buffaloes.

Aim:The study was undertaken to find out the serum metabolic and minerals profile in postpartum anestrous surti buffaloes treated with norgestomet ear implants alone and in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG).Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 18 postpartum anestrous Surti buffaloes divided into three groups of six animals each at random to conduct the experiment. The buffaloes in Group-I and Group-II were implanted with Crestar ear implant for 9 days together with 2 ml injection of Crestar solution given i/m on the day of the implant insertion. In Group-II, additionally 500 IU PMSG was given i/m on the day of implant removal, whereas the buffaloes in Group-III served as anestrous control group and received 5 ml Normal Saline i/m on day 0 and 9 as a placebo treatment.Results:The overall serum total protein values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between time (days) intervals in any of the groups. The mean serum total cholesterol levels at 10th day and on the day of estrus were found significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the control group as compared to treatment Groups I and II. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) at 10th day and on the day of estrus between treatment groups (T1 and T2). The overall mean serum cobalt, zinc, iron, and manganese values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between different time intervals among any of the groups, except copper which was significantly lower (p < 0.05) at 10th day in control group as compared to treatment groups.Conclusion:Microelements cannot be synthesized in the body. Hence, it is concluded that the mineral mixture should be supplied daily in the animals ration to suffice the requirement of the trace elements. The mean serum metabolic and micro-minerals profiles in treatment and control groups revealed that overall mean serum total protein, cholesterol, copper, and zinc levels were apparently higher in treatment groups whereas, mean serum cobalt, iron, and manganese concentration had no consistent trend between treatment and control groups of Surti buffaloes.

Antioxidant status in blood of obese children: the relation between trace elements, paraoxonase, and arylesterase values.

Obesity is known to lead to complications involving several systems. The basic mechanism in obesity-related complications is chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Trace element levels in obese children may vary due to poor nutritional habits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between serum paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) levels, markers of the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the body, and serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) concentrations in obese children. Fifty-seven overweight patients aged 6-17 and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy children were included in the study. Serum PON1 and ARE activity levels were measured, together with Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, glucose, aspartate amino transferase, and alanine amino transferase levels. PON1 and ARE activity levels were significantly lower in obese patients compared to those in healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Various changes were determined in Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se levels between the study and control groups (P < 0.05). In terms of the relation between trace elements and PON1 and ARE levels, a significant positive correlation was determined between serum Se and PON1 levels in the study group (P < 0.05, r = 0.31). No significant correlation was determined between other trace element levels and PON1 and ARE levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the detection in our study of a positive correlation between Se and PON1 levels in obese children may be significant in terms of showing a relation between Se and antioxidant systems in obese children.

19. Lipopolysaccharide exposure reduces maternal serum Zn, Mg, Se and Mn concentrations in rats

We previously showed that prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which mimics infection by gram-negative bacteria, induces behavioral, brain and immunological changes in the offspring. Bacterial infections can also induce changes in the balance of chemical elements (e.g., metals) in our body. For example, proinflammatory cytokines liberated after LPS exposure produces metallothionein, which sequestrates zinc (Zn). Deficient or increased levels of some of those metals can be harmful and toxic to the fetus during pregnancy. Because maternal deficiency of some metals as a result of exposure to LPS may be responsible for damage in offspring, the aim of this study was to measure the concentration of some chemical elements, especially the ones involved in pregnancy and infection/inflammation. We exposed Wistar rats to LPS (100 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) or to saline (vehicle), on gestational day 9.5. 24 h after the treatment we evaluated the maternal serum Zn, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) concentrations with a high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICPMS). Our results showed that the concentration of Zn, Mg, Se and Mn was reduced in the LPS group, when compared with their respective controls. In all cases, results were considered significant if p < 0.05. Thus, maternal LPS exposure reduced the concentration of specific chemical elements that are involved in impairments found in the offspring. FAPESP.

BLOOD MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS IN MANATEES (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRISANDTRICHECHUS MANATUS MANATUS)

Limited information is available regarding the role of minerals and heavy metals in the morbidity and mortality of manatees. Whole-blood and serum mineral concentrations were evaluated in apparently healthy, free-ranging Florida (Trichechus manatus latirostris, n = 31) and Belize (Trichechus manatus manatus, n = 14) manatees. Toxicologic statuses of the animals and of their environment had not been previously determined. Mean mineral whole-blood (WB) and serum values in Florida (FL) and Belize (BZ) manatees were determined, and evaluated for differences with respect to geographic location, relative age, and sex. Mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, and WB cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in BZ versus FL manatees (P < 0.05). Mean WB aluminum, calcium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, vanadium, and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in BZ versus FL manatees. Adult manatees had significant and higher mean WB aluminum, manganese, sodium, antimony, vanadium, and serum manganese and zinc concentrations compared to juvenile animals. Significant and lower mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, and serum copper and strontium concentrations were present in adults compared to juveniles (P < or = 0.05). Females had significant and higher mean WB nickel and serum barium compared to males (P < or = 0.05). Mean WB arsenic and zinc, and mean serum iron, magnesium, and zinc concentrations fell within toxic ranges reported for domestic species. Results reveal manatee blood mineral concentrations differ with location, age, and sex. Influence from diet, sediment, water, and anthropogenic sources on manatee mineral concentration warrant further investigation.

Response to strategic dietary mineral mixture supplementation in cattle and buffaloes under field condition (Hill region) of Nainital district of Uttarakhand

Calcium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese and copper were found below the critical level in soil, feeds and blood serum of cattle and buffaloes in hill region of Nainital district of Uttarakhand. A study was, therefore conducted to see the effect of dietary supplementation of these minerals as area specific mineral mixture in cattle and buffaloes on reproductive performance, milk yield, their profile in blood serum under field condition in four villages of Nainital district. The calcium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese and copper were supplemented in the form of feed (mineral) mixture which contained ground maize 32.80%, mustard cake 48.69%, di-calcium phosphate 17.85%, copper sulphate 0.12%, manganese sulphate 0.30% and zinc sulphate 0.24%. Fifteen animals (cattle and buffaloes) of different physiological status from each village were selected. Each selected animal was provided 250 g feed mixture daily in order to supply 12 g calcium, 5 g phosphorus, 250 mg zinc, 175 mg manganese and 60 mg copper over and above already present in the ration of animals provided by the farmers for 45 days. The incidence of the anoestrus and repeat breeding cases decreased due to dietary supplementation of area specific mineral mixture. Milk yield was increased and remained persistent in lactating (pregnant) and lactating (non-pregnant) animals. The SGPT, SGOT and ALP activities increased in all categories of animals but were within the normal range. Blood serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were also increased significantly and reached above their critical levels (8.00 mg/dl and 4.00 mg/dl respectively) in all categories of animals. The serum zinc, manganese and copper concentration also increased but not significantly due to dietary supplementation of these minerals. It was concluded that area specific mineral mixture supplementation in the ration is inevitable in amelioration of reproductive problems and in improving the milk production, reproductive performance and mineral profile in cattle and buffaloes under field condition of Kumaun hill region.