Rat Serum Lipoproteins Research Articles

The comparison of omega-3 and flaxseed oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic male rats

Hyperlipidemia affects a significant number of patients despite treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs. Due to the low efficacy of synthetic drugs, there is a need for new agents with low side effects. Therefore, the effects of flaxseeds oil and animal omega-3 on the hyperlipidemic rats were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n = 10): 1) control group that was fed with a standard diet (pallets). 2) high-fat diet (HFD) control group that was fed with high-fat food for 42 days, 3) Omega-3 group that received HFD for 21 days, followed by HFD + omega-3 capsule (600 mg/kg; 21 days/gavage), and 4) flaxseed oil group that received HFD for 21 days, followed by HFD + flaxseed oil (10 ml/kg; 21 days/gavage). Blood samples were collected three times and at the stages one to third of the experiment from the rats’ tail. The results showed that high levels of fat significantly increased cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the flaxseed, HFD control, and omega-3 groups in the second stages of the experiment. Inverse, omega-3 or flaxseed oil supplementation decreased cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in comparison with the HFD control group in the third stages of the experiment. There was no significant difference in the studied parameters between the flaxseed- and omega-3-treated groups. It can be concluded that flaxseed oil similar to omega-3 is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

New observations on the effect of camellia oil on fatty liver disease in rats.

Camellia oil has become an important plant oil in China in recent years, but its effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been documented. In this study, the effects of camellia oil, soybean oil, and olive oil on NAFLD were evaluated by analyzing the fatty acid profiles of the plant oils, the serum lipids and lipoproteins of rats fed different oils, and by cytological and ultrastructural observation of the rats' hepatocytes. Analysis of fatty acid profiles showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-6/n-3 ratio was 33.33 in camellia oil, 12.50 in olive oil, and 7.69 in soybean oil. Analyses of serum lipids and lipoproteins of rats showed that the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a camellia oil-fed group (COFG) were lower than those in an olive oil-fed group (OOFG) and higher than those in a soybean oil-fed group (SOFG). However, only the difference in total cholesterol between the COFG and SOFG was statistically significant. Cytological observation showed that the degree of lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in the hepatocytes in the COFG was lower than that in the OOFG, but higher than that in the SOFG. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the size and number of the LDs in the hepatocytes of rats fed each of the three types of oil were related to the degree of damage to organelles, including the positions of nuclei and the integrity of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The results revealed that the effect of camellia oil on NAFLD in rats was greater than that of soybean oil, but less than that of olive oil. Although the overall trend was that among the three oil diets, those with a lower n-6/n-3 ratio were associated with a lower risk of NAFLD, and the effect of camellia oil on NAFLD was not entirely related to the n-6/n-3 ratio and may have involved other factors. This provides new insights into the effect of oil diets on NAFLD.

Preclinical and clinical results regarding the effects of a plant-based antidiabetic formulation versus well established antidiabetic molecules

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex syndrome with debilitating long-term complications, comprising alterations of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms, along increased oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet management and plant-based formulations can improve the metabolic status of patients, being used as adjuvants of classic antidiabetic therapy.The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of a plant-based antidiabetic formulation (PBAF), containing Vaccinium myrtillus, Ribes nigrum, Rosa canina and Capsicum annuum, on the increased oxidative burden found in diabetes mellitus, comparing it with the effects of metformin and gliclazide. Firstly, we characterized the individual plant-derived components of this formulation and also assessed their in vitro radical scavenging capacity. We devised a preclinical study protocol to examine the impact of the PBAF, along metformin and gliclazide, on tissue histology as well as on the redox status of tissue, mitochondria, serum and serum lipoproteins of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Subsequently, we assessed their long-term impact on the redox status of serum and isolated serum lipoproteins of type 2 DM (T2DM) patients, taking into consideration their cardiometabolic profile.In the preclinical stage, we found that PBAF was able to enhance total serum antioxidant defense, while metformin yielded the best results regarding the advanced glycation and protein/lipid oxidation of serum and of serum lipoproteins. The latter also improved overall serum redox status and HDL redox function. Also, antidiabetic treatment seemed to increase mitochondrial redox activity, without overturning overall tissue redox balance. Histologically, liver and brain tissues of treated diabetic rats were fairly similar to those of non-diabetic rats. In T2DM patients, the most striking results involved the effects on serum lipoproteins. The tested PBAF exerted protective antioxidant effects on low-density and, especially, on high density lipoproteins.We conclude that this formulation might constitute a good addition to the well-established pharmacological approach of DM, contributing to the reduction of overall oxidative burden.

Effect of Three Plant Extracts and Atorvastatin on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diet

Effect of Three Plant Extracts and Atorvastatin on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diet

The effects of a plant-based antidiabetic supplement on the antioxidant capacity of serum and serum lipoproteins in diabetic rats

The effects of a plant-based antidiabetic supplement on the antioxidant capacity of serum and serum lipoproteins in diabetic rats

Comparative Study of Tomato and Tomato Paste Supplementation on the Level of Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins Levels in Rats Fed With High Cholesterol

BackgroundHypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Increased blood cholesterol affects general health and increases mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Poor nutrition increases LDL cholesterol and decreases LDL receptor activities in the liver. Scientists have shown that consumption of antioxidants can reduce hypercholesterolemia and proved benefits of fruit and vegetables. Tomato reduces oxidative stress by increasing serum total antioxidant level.ObjectivesThis study compared the tomato and tomato paste supplementation on the level of serum lipids and lipoproteins in rats fed with high cholesterol.Materials and MethodsIn this study, four male rat groups (10 rats per group) were used. Control group received basal diet, second group received basal diet and 2% cholesterol (Chol), third and fourth groups received basal diet, 2% cholesterol tomato and tomato paste respectively (20 percent of the diet) for a month. Then serum TC, LDL, HDL and TG were measured.ResultsResults showed that in Chol group, all lipids increased significantly (P < 0.05) except HDL compared to the control group. Tomato and tomato paste supplementation decreased TC, LDL and TG concentration significantly (P < 0.05) compared to Chol group. Tomato paste had the higher effect on lipids decreasing than tomato.ConclusionsDecreases of TC, LDL and TG may be related to tomato antioxidant effect. This course in human required more investigations.

Effect of Rat Serum Lipoproteins on mRNA Levels and Amiodarone Metabolism by Cultured Primary Rat Hepatocytes

Hyperlipidemia can significantly increase amiodarone (AM) in vivo liver uptake and decrease its velocity of microsomal metabolism. Here, hepatocytes isolated from normolipidemic (NL) and hyperlipidemic rats were incubated with AM in the presence or absence of diluted NL or hyperlipidemic serum. The serum was added either as preincubation before drug, or concurrently with drug; incubations without rat serum were used as controls. The hepatocyte levels of mRNA for several proteins and enzymes were also measured. Disappearance of AM was seen up to 72 h. There was little difference between hepatocytes from NL or hyperlipidemic animals in intrinsic clearance (CL(int) ) of AM. The effect of hyperlipidemic rat serum, either before or with AM, was profound, causing a significant reduction in the CL(int) . Reductions were seen in mRNA for cytochrome P450 1A1, 3A2, and 2D1, some transporters, and low-density lipoprotein receptors after exposure of hepatocytes to lipoprotein-rich sera. In conclusion, exposure of isolated hepatocytes to hyperlipidemic serum caused decreases in AM CL(int) and lower mRNA levels for some proteins involved in the uptake and metabolism of AM. When coincubated with serum, an additional effect of increased binding to lipoproteins seemed to further contribute to a reduced CL of AM.

Fractional Composition of Blood Serum Lipoproteins in Mice and Rats with Triton WR 1339-Induced Lipemia

We compared fractional composition of blood serum lipoproteins (LP) in female ICR mice and Wistar rats induced by single administration of a nonionic detergent Triton WR 1339 in doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg. Lipemia in animals of both species was characterized by a sharp increase in the concentration of cholesterol and, particularly, of triglycerides in blood serum lipoproteins by the 24th hour after administration of the detergent. We revealed a significant increase in the concentrations of atherogenic VLDL cholesterol (due to VLDL2), intermediate density lipoproteins, and LDL. These changes were more pronounced in rats. The model of lipemia can be used to study the role of fractional composition of lipoproteins and, particularly, of triglycerides in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Moreover, this model holds much promise for evaluation of the efficiency of hypolipidemic drugs (statins and fibrates) in normalizing the increased level of atherogenic cholesterol of VLDL and LDL.

Effect of feeding some herbs on serum liver enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic rats

The present work was carried out to study effects of feeding hypercholesterolemic rats with 3 herbs viz.: ginger, psyllium and coriander herbs, alone and in combination, mixed with the basal diet on serum liver enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and lipoproteins. This study was conducted on 50 adult male rats divided into 10 equal groups. One group was fed on the basal diet only (control -ve). The other group was fed on the basal diet mixed with 1.5% cholesterol (control +ve). The remaining groups were fed on the basal +1.5% cholesterol + the studied herbs at 5 % and 10 %. After 6 weeks feeding on the experimental diets, al! rats were weighed for calculation of body weight gain and food efficiency ratio. Blood samples were collected for estimation of liver enzymes, cholesterol, TG and lipoproteins in the serum. Histopathology of liver was also carried out. The obtained results revealed that feeding hypercholesterolemic rats on diets mixed with each of these herbs, alone or in combination at 5% and 10 %, improves the liver function as it lowers the elevated serum. AST and ALT enzymes. It induces also hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidmic effects. Moreover, it alleviates the histopathological changes in the liver induced by cholesterol feeding. However, it reduces daily food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and liver weight in the tested rats. It was concluded that feeding combined formula of ginger, psyllium, coriander each or combined at 5% and 10 % for 6 weeks may be useful in the management of cases suffering from hypercholesterolemia associated with elevated liver enzymes.

ANTI‐OXIDANT MECHANISMS OF KOLAVIRON: STUDIES ON SERUM LIPOPROTEIN OXIDATION, METAL CHELATION AND OXIDATIVE MEMBRANE DAMAGE IN RATS

1. In the present study, we have examined the ability of kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds, to prevent the susceptibility of rat serum lipoprotein to undergo oxidative modification in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, its ability to chelate metal ions and mitigate iron/ascorbate-induced damage to microsomal lipids was investigated. 2. Lipoprotein resistance to copper-induced oxidation was highly improved in rats treated with kolaviron (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, as demonstrated by a significant increase in lag time compared with control. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in area under the curve (AUC) and slope of propagation was observed in kolaviron-treated rats compared with control. Conjugated dienes formed after 240 min of lipoprotein oxidation were markedly decreased in kolaviron-treated rats compared with controls. Malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly reduced in the serum lipoproteins of kolaviron-treated rats with an attendant significant increase in the total anti-oxidant activity compared with control. 3. In vitro, kolaviron (10-60 micromol/L) inhibited the Cu2+-induced oxidation of rat serum lipoprotein in a concentration-dependent manner. Kolaviron, at 20 and 60 micromol/L, produced 48 and 87% inhibition of oxidation of lipoprotein, respectively. Compared with control, kolaviron, at 10 and 20 micromol/L, resulted in 29 and 47% decreases in AUC, respectively. In addition, kolaviron (10 micromol/L) elicited a 53% increase in lag time, whereas 40 and 60 micromol/L kolaviron produced 38 and 88% decreases in slope, respectively. 4. Kolaviron effectively prevented microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by iron/ascorbate in a concentration-dependent manner. Kolaviron at the highest dose tested (90 micromol/L) had a significant chelating effect on Fe2+ (78%). 5. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that kolaviron protects against the oxidation of lipoprotein, presumably by mechanisms involving metal chelation and anti-oxidant activity, and, as such, may be of importance in relation to the development of atherosclerosis.

High dietary levels of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture alter hepatic glycerophospholipid class profile and cholesterol-carrying serum lipoproteins of rats

To investigate the body composition, hepatic lipids, and serum lipoproteins in response to graded levels of a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixture added to a high linoleate diet, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four dietary groups of 10 rats each and fed for 5 weeks controlled amounts of diets containing 0%, 1%, 3%, or 5% of a CLA mixture in exchange for sunflower oil. The various dietary lipid treatments did not significantly influence growth and body partitioning, although there was a trend toward decreased contents of extractable lipids in carcass (whole bled body without liver and gut) with increasing CLA. When carcass lipids of CLA-treated rats were extracted, a distinct accumulation of total CLA was observed. A dietary level of 1% CLA mixture exhibited only weak effects on hepatic glycerophospholipid levels. CLA levels of 3% and 5% caused distinct changes in phospholipid subclass distribution. These changes were reduced levels of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPL) and increased levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Further, a 5% level of CLA increased the hepatic concentration of phosphatidylserine (PS) compared with the other treatments. The incorporation of total CLA into individual phospholipids followed a dose-responsive manner. The extent of incorporation of CLA was not the same among the glycerophospholipid species analyzed, the order being cardiolipin > phosphatidylethanolamine and PC > LPE/EPL > phosphatidylinositol > PS. Further, CLA increased the proportions of n-3 fatty acids in the individual glycerophospholipids. High CLA diets containing 3% and 5% of a CLA mixture were associated with increased activity of catalase in the peroxisome-enriched cell fraction of liver and exhibited marked reductions of cholesterol in the low and high density lipoproteins relative to rats receiving no CLA.

The effects of feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on rat growth performance, serum lipoproteins and subsequent lipid composition of selected rat tissues

Four groups of 12 albino rats (six males and six females), at 4 weeks of age, were fed for 60 days a semi-synthetic diet containing graded amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) to determine its effect on growth performance and serum lipoprotein profiles and its incorporation into abdominal and muscle lipids. Rats fed CLA responded by significantly improved body mass gains; however, this effect was observed only with the 1.0% CLA-supplemented diet. It was also true for feed conversion efficiency. The changes in serum total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol concentrations were insignificant and showed an opposite pattern. However, the resulting HDL cholesterol/TC ratio was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased. At the same time, serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) elevated, thus counteracting the potential antiatherogenicity of the improved HDL cholesterol/TC ratio. Feeding CLA to rats resulted in its substantial incorporation into both abdominal and muscle lipids. Generally, tissue lipids were enriched with CLA at the expense of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eg linoleate and arachidonate. This effect is likely to correspond with reduction of arachidonate-derived eicosanoid synthesis. These data together suggest that CLA has a potent effect on lipid transport and metabolism in rats. Also, they confirm the potential of nutritional methods to provide CLA-enriched functional animal products, especially meat, for human consumption. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

Effect of Estradiol on Serum Triglyceride Lipoprotein Levels and Fatty Acid Composition in Castrated Rats

Triglyceride content and fatty acid composition of rat serum lipoproteins showed specific variations after castration and estradiol treatment. Triglyceride levels decreased in VLDL after castration and in LDL and HDL after low doses of estradiol. High doses of estradiol enhanced triglyceride levels in VLDL and decreased them in LDL. Fatty acid composition showed a complex pattern: after castration, monoenoic acids decreased and essential fatty acids increased in all lipoprotein classes, enhancing the EFA/NEFA and EFA/ME ratios. Both doses of estrogen lowered these ratios in VLDL and LDL, but decreased them in HDL with high doses and enhanced them in HDL with low doses.

Nickel Deficiency Alters Liver Lipid Metabolism in Rats

The present investigation was designed to examine the effect of nickel deficiency on lipid metabolism in liver and serum lipoproteins of rats. Therefore, a study over two generations was conducted feeding a nickel-deficient diet containing 13 kg nickel or a nickel-adequate diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg nickel. Male 7-wk-old pups from the second offspring were studied. Pups fed a diet poor in nickel tended to have lower weight gains (P < 0.15), nickel concentrations in liver (P-0.1) and iron levels in serum (P < 0.1) than nickel-adequate rats. They were classified as nickel-deficient on the basis of significantly lower erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrits and nickel concentrations in kidney compared with nickel-adequate rats. Nickel deficiency caused a significant triacylglycerol accumulation in liver, with greater concentrations of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids than nickel-adequate rats. Nickel deficiency had slight but significant effects on the fatty acid composition of liver total lipids and phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Moreover, nickel-deficient rats had significantly lower activities of the lipogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase than nickel-adequate rats. Nickel-depleted pups had significantly higher concentrations of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in serum VLDL, and cholesterol in serum LDL than nickel-adequate pups. Most of these alterations in lipid metabolism are similar to those obtained in several iron-deficiency studies. Because nickel deficiency also slightly compromised iron status, it is possible that at least some of the observed alterations are due to the moderate iron deficiency.

Distribution of benz(A)anthracene in rat serum lipoprotein fractions after P.O. administration

Distribution of benz(A)anthracene in rat serum lipoprotein fractions after P.O. administration

Distribution of benz(a)anthracene in rat serum lipoprotein fractions after p.o. administration

Distribution of benz(a)anthracene in rat serum lipoprotein fractions after p.o. administration

Influence of estrogen on cholesterol esterification and fatty acid composition in serum lipoproteins of castrated rats.

Total, free and esterified cholesterol and its fatty acid composition were measured in the serum lipoproteins of castrated rats after estradiol administration. In general, castration and treatment with estradiol led to a decrease in total esterified cholesterol content. However, estradiol induced an effect opposite to that of castration on the fatty acid composition in VLDL. The effects were variable in HDL and insignificant in LDL. Similarly, the ratios of essential fatty acid to non-essential fatty acid (EFA/NEFA) and that to monoenoic acid (EFA/ME) were affected differently in castration and estradiol treatment in VLDL, but not in HDL or LDL. The pattern of lipid metabolism in castrated and estradiol-treated rats thus appears opposite to that described in human pathology.

Effect of dietary fish oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins of rats fed diets differing in cholesterol and fat.

The investigation was attempted to clarify the effects of fish oil on the concentration of lipids in serum and lipoproteins in rats fed diets differing in cholesterol and fat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on low-fat/high-fat diets without and with 1.5% cholesterol (base diets) for 28 days. Half of each group was then switched to a fish oil diet for 20 days with 5.6% fish oil for exchange of coconut oil and beef tallow. Total cholesterol in rat serum was increased following feeding high amounts of dietary cholesterol. This increase was due to raised VLDL and LDL cholesterol. Rats fed the high-cholesterol/high-fat diet had lower HDL cholesterol concentration than groups fed the other base diets. Dietary fish oil lowered serum and lipoprotein cholesterol, even in the presence of dietary cholesterol. In rats fed the high-fat/cholesterol-free diet triglyceride levels in total serum and VLDL were higher than in rats fed the other base diets. The hypertriglyceridemia in rats was diminished fed dietary cholesterol. Serum triglyceride concentration was markedly lowered by fish oil, whereas, this effect reached significance only using cholesterol-free diets. This was mainly associated with a reduction in VLDL triglycerides. Fish oil lowered HDL triglycerides only in rats fed the low-fat diet without cholesterol. Lipid components in the base diets did not influence serum and LDL phospholipids. Rats fed the high-fat/cholesterol-free diet had a higher VLDL phospholipid level than the other base groups. Irrespective of the base diet, phospholipid levels in serum and lipoproteins were markedly reduced by dietary fish oil. In conclusion, this study suggests that other dietary lipids should be considered when examining the hypolipemic effect of fish oil.

Effects of intralipid infusion on rat serum lipoproteins.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of continuous Intralipid infusions on serum HDL and LDL levels in the rat. Male Fischer 344 rats were infused continuously via central venous catheter with 10% Intralipid for 96 h and 5, or 2.5% Intralipid for 14 days. Blood samples were collected during the infusion period for total serum cholesterol, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol measurements. Food intake was monitored during the studies. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly elevated following 96 h of infusion with 10% Intralipid with food intake significantly decreased compared to a control group. In a second experiment, animals received a continuous infusion of either 5% Intralipid, 2.5% Intralipid or 0.45% saline for 14 days. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly elevated following 14 days of infusion with 5% Intralipid group compared to controls but food intake remained constant for 12 days with no evident toxicity.

Effect of dietary fish oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins of rats fed a hyperlipidemic diet

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß von Fischöl auf die Konzentration von Lipiden im Serum und die Lipoproteine bei Ratten bei Fütterung einer hyperlipidämischen DiätIn der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluß von Fischöl auf die Konzentrationen der Lipide im Serum und in den Lipoproteinen von Ratten mit hyperhpidämischer Diät untersucht. Dazu erhielten männliche Sprague‐Dawley Ratten eine halbsynthetische fett‐ und cholesterinreiche Diät mit 7.3% Kokosfett, 7.3% Rindertalg, 0.4% Distelöl und 1.5% Cholesterin, die innerhalb von 28 Tagen die Konzentrationen der Serumlipide erhöhen sollte. Anschließend wurden 1.4%, 2.8% und 5.6% des gesättigten Fettes durch Fischöl ersetzt und weitere 10 bzw. 20 Tage an die hyperlipidämischen Versuchstiere verabreicht.Die hyperlipidämische Diät erhöhte die Konzentration des Serumcholesterms um etwa 26%. Dies war in erster Linie auf einen einen 5‐fachen Anstieg der Konzentration des VLDL‐Cholesterins zurückzuführen, während HDL‐Cholesterin in Vergleich dazu nur mäßg stark erhöht wurde. Die Konzentration der LDL‐ und HDL‐Triglyceride änderte sich mit dem Einsatz der hyperlipidämischen Diät nicht, während der VLDL‐Triglyceridspiegel nach 28‐ und 48 tägiger Versuchszeit stieg. Die Konzentration der Serumphospholipide blieb mit cholesterin‐ und fettreicher Diät unverändert, die Konzentration der VLDL‐Phosphohpide stieg jedoch um nahezu 100%.Mit dem Einsatz von Fischöl fiel die Konzentration des Serum‐ und VLDL‐Cholesterins bei allen Tieren ab. Die Triglyceridspiegel im Serum zeigten sich dagegen nur leicht erniedrigt. Nach 20 tägiger Fischölzulage fiel jedoch insbesondere die Konzentration der VLDL‐Triglyceride ab. Die Wirkung des Fischöls auf LDL‐ und HDL‐Triglyceride erwies sich als relativ heterogen. Ratten mit Fischöldiät zeigten stark erniedrigte Phospholipidspiegel im Serum und in den Lipoproteinen. Die Konzentration der LDL‐Phospholipide sank erst nach 20 Tagen bei höher dosierten Fischölgaben ab.Die Befunde verdeutlichen somit, daß Fischöl insbesondere die Konzentration des Cholesterins und der Phospholipide im Serum sowie die gesamte VLDL‐Fraktion von Ratten mit diätetisch erhöhten Cholesterinspiegeln im Serum absenkt.