Serum Lipid Levels Research Articles

Mono-species bacteria-induced chronic apical periodontitis triggers the aortic inflammatory response via modulation of systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has been confirmed to be associated with a common oral bacterial infection-chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). However, the detailed mechanisms remain controversial. CAP can potentially alter systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota, all of which contribute to the progression of the aortic inflammatory response. This study aimed to explore the differential effects between E. faecalis and P. gingivalis-CAP on the aortic inflammatory response, which focused on changes in systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota, to explore potential mechanisms linking oral disease to CVD. Our result showed P. gingivalis-CAP could activate more serious aortic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression (TNF-α, MCP-1, and ICAM-1) than E. faecalis-CAP by promoting higher serum inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and MCP-1) and lipid (LDL-C and TC) level. Simultaneously, there was no significant change in gut microbiota between them. Furthermore, all serum inflammatory cytokines showed substantial correlations with aortic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and certain serum lipid indicators showed significant correlations, but only two gut microorganisms (Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae) showed significant correlations. The combined results suggest that CAP might activate the aortic inflammatory response in association with changes in the three potential mechanisms. However, the promotion of gut microbiota might be relatively weak. Using experimental CAP induced by specific bacteria, in which bacteria are sequestered in the medullary cavity, avoids the direct influence of blood or intestinal pathways, and provides new perspectives for studying the mechanism of CVD associated with oral disease. Overall, these findings suggest that CAP may exacerbate systemic inflammation and serum lipid levels in patients with CVD, highlighting the importance of educating such patients on oral hygiene.

Serum homocysteine and lipid levels in the third trimester and their relationship with perinatal outcomes in diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus.

This study investigates the relationship between serum homocysteine, blood lipids, and perinatal outcomes in patients with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). A prospective cohort of 150 diet-controlled GDM patients and 150 pregnant women with NGT, all delivering at our hospital, were selected based on predefined criteria. Data on demographics, physical parameters, and perinatal outcomes were compiled. Blood samples for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) were collected before delivery. GDM patients exhibited higher levels of FPG, Hcy, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, but lower HDL-C and apoA1 levels compared to the NGT group. Adverse outcomes such as macrosomia, premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum hemorrhage were more prevalent in the GDM group. In GDM patients, neonatal birth weight positively correlated with FPG and TG levels. Stratified Hcy analysis in GDM showed no significant differences in perinatal outcomes. However, the third quartile of the apoB/apoA1 ratio had a lower incidence of macrosomia compared to the first quartile, and the second quartile showed a higher incidence of birth asphyxia. GDM patients demonstrated increased levels of Hcy, FPG, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio, correlating with more adverse perinatal outcomes than healthy pregnant individuals. The relationships between Hcy, lipids, and these outcomes remain inconclusive, highlighting the need for further research.

State of type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients after hospitalization for COVID-19

Background The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has affected over 100 million people and killed around 2 million individuals. One of the most common chronic illnesses in the world is diabetes, which greatly raises the risk of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 patients. Objective This study aims to analyze the novel coronavirus's general characteristics and shed light on COVID-19 and its management in diabetic individuals by measuring some metabolic and inflammatory factors in type 2 diabetic patients with and without COVID-19. Methods One hundred Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in the current study; 50 had COVID-19 with the Omicron variant, and 50 weren't. The diagnosis was designed by the consultant medical staff at the clinic. Eligible individuals had a positive nasal swab for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. They were compared with 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Every participant's anthropometric and clinical features were measured. The study includes the study groups’ glycemic, lipid profile, serum urea, and C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements. Results There were remarkable rises ( p < 0.05) in fasting and random blood glucose, serum lipid, and urea levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19 compared to those without COVID-19 and the control group. Also, a significant elevation ( p = 0.01) was found in fasting serum insulin among diabetic patients with COVID-19 as compared to those without COVID-19 and the control group (32.75 ± 8.63 vs. 25.82 ± 3.50 and 10.65 ± 1.12) µU/L, respectively. Serum CRP levels significantly increased ( p = 0.0001) in diabetic patients with COVID-19 compared to other groups. Conclusion Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia resulting from cytokine storm significantly increased the risk of hospitalization and death among coronavirus disease-19 patients. It has been concluded that T2DM reliably predicts morbidity among COVID-19 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of severe hyperglycemia. The results also show the temporary and reversible deficiency in insulin secretion associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. Consequently, it is recommended to examine variables of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic islet activity among patients with COVID-19 who have a history of diabetes.

Serum lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus

BackgroundDyslipidemia presents in various autoimmune diseases, and the serum lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not yet been clearly defined. This study aims to evaluate the level of serum lipids in patients with SLE.MethodsA case–control study evaluated four conventional sera lipids—total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls (HCs). Correlations between serum lipids and clinical characteristics were analyzed in patients with SLE. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the epidemiology of lipid profiles in patients with SLE, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed for data synthesis.ResultsTC and TG were elevated significantly, and HDL decreased in patients with SLE compared to HCs. Elevated lipids were associated with progressive disease activity. TC, TG, and HDL were elevated in patients with SLE and were associated with decreased IgG, increased 24-h proteinuria, white blood cells (WBCs), and neutrophils. Decreased HDL and increased TG were associated with an increase in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Patients with SLE who took glucocorticoids (GCs) may have experienced increases in TC and TG, while those who took hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may have experienced increases in TC and HDL. Eleven eligible studies including the present study on associations between serum lipids and SLE were reviewed by the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated elevated TC (MD = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89, p < 0.00001) and TG (MD = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99, p < 0.00001) levels in SLE, while HDL decreased (MD = −0.19, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.17, p < 0.00001).ConclusionsDyslipidemia is present in SLE. There was a significant association between SLE disease activity and TC, TG, and HDL. The exact pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in SLE needs to be further addressed.

Comparative study on blood pressure and metabolic improvements in hypertensive patients using copper bianstone scraping.

To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified termination hypertension dietary therapy program by comparing and analyzing the improvement of blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose in hypertensive patients who received copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified termination hypertension dietary therapy intervention. We selected 160 cases of hypertensive patients from July 2022 to March 2024 for the study. They were divided into 80 cases in the comparison group and 80 cases in the observation group according to whether or not they underwent copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified dietary therapy for termination of hypertension. In the comparison group, conventional Chinese dietary therapy with improved termination of hypertension was used, and in the observation group, copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese dietary therapy with improved termination of hypertension (DASH) was used on the basis of the comparison group. Differences in vitamin D, Homocysteine and serum calcium levels, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels were compared between the 2 groups. The decreases of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose in the observation group were greater than those in the comparison group; the decreases of blood pressure and BMI in the observation group were greater than those in the comparison group. The difference in comparison was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). After the intervention, the improvement of homocysteine, vitamin D, serum calcium, albumin, hemoglobin and transferrin in the observation group was greater than that in the comparison group, and the difference was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified termination of hypertension dietary therapy in hypertensive patients has a better effect, can effectively improve the patient's blood glucose and lipid levels, improve the nutritional status of the patient, can be promoted in the rehabilitation management of hypertension.

Plasma Lipid Profile Among Perimenopausal Latvian Women in Relation to Dietary Habits.

Background/Objectives: Hormonal changes throughout a woman's life cycle significantly affect serum lipid levels. Alterations in the serum lipid profile can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Additionally, nutrition and dietary habits are crucial for managing dyslipidemia. The current study evaluated the association between dietary habits and plasma lipid profiles among perimenopausal women in Latvia. Methods: The randomized clinical trial involved perimenopausal women (n = 61) aged 49 ± 3 years with moderately high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of 3.61 ± 0.30 mmol L-1. A series of questionnaires were completed, including a questionnaire on the subject's demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, health, physical activity, and dietary factors, a 24 h food diary, a 72 h food diary, and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Blood testing was conducted for all participants, which included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and glucose level analyses. Results: The consumption of refined sugar, honey, syrup, and jam demonstrated a strong positive association with higher levels of remnant cholesterol (β = 0.462, p ≤ 0.05) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (β = 0.395, p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the consumption of fruit juices is associated with increased LDL-C (β = 0.303, p ≤ 0.05) and non-HDL-C (β = 0.285, p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, higher meat and poultry consumption negatively correlates with TC levels (β = -0.290, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: This underscores the need for further examination to understand the impact of dietary habits on lipid profile.

Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A1 ratio is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.

The relationship between serum lipids and prognosis of pancreatic cancer has not been confirmed. Our purpose in the study was to investigate the associations between serum lipids level and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. A retrospective study was performed on 286 pancreatic cancer patients who admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. Serum lipids level were recorded. Clinical-pathological characteristics, oncologic outcomes, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were collected. The prognostic significance was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Regarding serum lipids level, compared to normal apolipoprotein B/ apolipoprotein A (ApoB/ApoA1), high ApoB/ApoA1 level indicated a shorter OS (HR:2.028, 95% CI: 1.174-2.504, P = 0.011) and a shorter PFS (HR:1.800, 95% CI: 1.076-3.009, P = 0.025). Other serum lipid molecules were not associated with PFS and OS. ApoB/ApoA1 might be an independent prognostic factor of pancreatic cancer.

Exposure to triphenyl phosphate during pregnancy: The role of gut-bile acids-liver axis on lipid metabolism in male offspring.

The widespread use of Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) as a substitute flame retardant in various commercial products has raised global concerns for its health risks. Previously, we found that gestational and lactational TPhP exposure disturbed lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring sex-dependently. In this study, we further explored the prenatal TPhP exposure on lipid metabolism in male offspring, and the role of gut-bile acids-liver axis in it. The results showed that gestational TPhP exposure would induce hyperlipidemia in male offspring, it dose-dependently increased the weight of body and liver, levels of serum lipid, and enlarged lipid droplets in white adipose tissue. The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was significantly changed in the liver and adipose tissue. The gut microbiome of male offspring was also altered, with different profiles between the low and high dose treatment group. Target bile acids (BAs) metabolites analysis revealed a significant increased levels of primary BAs cholic acid (CA), but decreased levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and decreased levels of the secondary BAs deoxycholic acid (DCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and lithocholic acid (LCA) in TPhP treatment group. Measurements of gene expression along the gut-BAs-liver axis showed that the TPhP treatment group had an increase in cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and a decrease in apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), with only the low-dose group exhibiting an increase in carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP). Correlation and mediation analysis highlighted associations of Burkholderiaceae in low-dose treatment group and Erysipelotrichaceae in high dose group with lipid metabolism and BAs metabolites. No consistent correlations were observed in two treatment group. Additionally, Mantel tests did not reveal a consistent correlation between the microbiome network community and lipid metabolism or the gut-bile acids-liver axis. Overall, our findings indicate that gestational TPhP exposure induces hyperlipidemia in male offspring, and while the gut-BAs-liver axis plays a role, other mechanisms warrant further investigation.

Serum Lipids Alterations in Patients Under Systemic JAK Inhibitors Treatments in Dermatology: Clinical Aspects and Management.

Background and Objectives: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have significantly advanced the treatment of various dermatological conditions by modulating the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. While these inhibitors have proven effective, they also pose challenges due to associated increase in serum lipid levels and relative potential cardiovascular risks. This perspective work aims to discuss the implications of these lipid alterations proposing management strategies for patients with dermatological disorders under JAKi treatments. Materials and Methods: This manuscript reviews existing and recent literature on the metabolic effects of JAKi, particularly focusing on their impact on lipid profiles in patients treated for dermatological diseases. Results: JAK inhibitors are consistently associated with an increase in both LDL and HDL levels shortly after treatment initiation, which tend to stabilise over time. Despite these changes, there is no clear evidence linking these alterations to an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), indicating a complex interaction between lipid metabolism and JAK-STAT signalling. Conclusions: Although JAKi may induce lipid changes in patients, raising concerns, especially in ones with existing cardiovascular risks, currently there is no proven link to increased MACE in this population. Monitoring lipid levels, alongside lifestyle modifications and possible statin use, can manage these effects without the need to stopping treatment.

Regulation of inflammatory responses: Harnessing the Ruan Mai Jian targeting of EphA2/ephrinA1 pathway to enhance atherosclerosis amelioration.

Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, driven by the chronic inflammatory proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which destabilizes atherosclerotic plaques. The EphA2/ephrinA1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in modulating VSMC inflammatory responses, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, the clinical application of EphA2 inhibitors remains limited due to safety concerns. Ruan Mai Jian (RMJ), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has demonstrated potential efficacy in treating atherosclerosis, though its precise mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized. To date, no study has investigated a Chinese medicine compound capable of regulating atherosclerotic inflammatory responses via the EphA2/ephrinA1 pathway. This study aims to determine whether RMJ treats atherosclerosis both in vivo and in vitro by modulating the EphA2/ephrinA1 pathway, while evaluating its potential hepatic and renal toxicity. A combination of in vivo (ApoE-/- murine model) and in vitro studies was employed to investigate the effects of RMJ on atherosclerotic progression, inflammatory markers, and VSMC function. ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis and subsequently treated with RMJ at varying doses. Serum lipid levels, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and plaque morphology were analyzed. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the modulation of the EphA2/ephrinA1 pathway. VSMC proliferation and migration assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of RMJ on cellular behavior in vitro. RMJ treatment significantly attenuated serum lipid levels, reduced systemic inflammation, and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques by increasing collagen content and decreasing lipid deposition. RMJ downregulated EphA2 expression and upregulated ephrinA1, effectively inhibiting VSMC proliferation and migration through suppression of the AKT1/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. Importantly, no hepatic or renal toxicity was observed in treated mice, indicating a favorable safety profile. RMJ demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis, primarily through modulation of the EphA2/ephrinA1 signaling pathway, resulting in reduced inflammation and VSMC proliferation. Its efficacy, combined with the absence of hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, highlights RMJ as a promising candidate for further investigation as a novel therapeutic agent for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Meat Quality, Intestinal Microbiology and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves Powder.

Today, customers pay more attention to the feed composition and carcasses of poultry, and the interest in using natural and safe compounds such as medicinal plants and their extracts in animal feed is increasing. The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and mulberry (Morus alba) leaves powder on the meat quality, intestinal microbiology and serum biochemical parameters in broilers. The experiment was conducted with 648 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler male chicks with a factorial arrangement including three levels of green tea powder (GTP) and three levels of mulberry leaf powder (MLP), with nine treatments and six replications in a completely randomized design for 42 days. Treatments included: (1) no GTP + no MLP (control), (2) 1% GTP + no MLP, (3) 2% GTP + no MLP, (4) no GTP + 1% MLP, (5) 1% GTP + 1% MLP, (6) 2% GTP + 1% MLP, (7) no GTP + 2% MLP, (8) 1% GTP + 2% MLP and (9) 2% GTP + 2% MLP. The results showed that the lowest lightness (L*), drip loss and total cholesterol levels, and the highest Lactobacillus population were observed in treatments: 1% GTP + no MLP, 2% GTP + no MLP, 1% GTP + 1% MLP, 2% GTP + 1% MLP, no GTP + 2% MLP, 1% GTP + 2% MLP and 2% GTP + 2% MLP (p <0.05). The groups receiving 1% GTP + 1% MLP, 2% GTP + 1% MLP, no GTP + 2% MLP, 1% GTP + 2% MLP and 2% GTP + 2% MLP had the highest pH 24h (p <0.05). The chickens fed with 1% and 2% GTP showed lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and malondialdehyde (MAD) levels (p <0.05). The results showed that using the GTP and MLP in the diet of broilers could improve meat quality traits and beneficial ileal bacteria populations and reduce serum lipid and MDA levels.

Gan-Jiang-Ling-Zhu decoction improves steatohepatitis induced by choline-deficient-high-fat-diet through the METTL14/N6-methyladenosine-mediated Ugt2a3 expression.

Gan-Jiang-Ling-Zhu (GJLZ) decoction, a classical Chinese herbal prescription, can be applied for the treatment of metabolic diseases including liver steatosis. Although GJLZ decoction has been widely applied clinically for thousands of years, the mechanism of GJLZ decoction behind treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains relatively unelucidated. To elucidate the efficacy of GJLZ decoction in the treatment of NASH and to investigate its underlying mechanisms from an epigenetic perspective. The quality control of chemical components in GJLZ decoction was conducted. C57BL/6J mice with NASH were induced by feeding them a choline-deficient-high-fat-diet (CDHFD), along with GJLZ decoction intervention for 4 weeks. Then NASH phenotypes including histological steatosis, inflammation, hepatic apoptosis, fibrosis, serum liver enzyme and lipid level were measured. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and transcriptome sequencing were performed. Levels and functions of methyltransferases and different genes were performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, gene knockdown, oil red O staining and western blotting. GJLZ decoction significantly reduced liver weight, liver index and improved hepatic steatosis, and inflammation, as well as inhibited hepatic apoptosis and fibrosis. Moreover, GJLZ decoction significantly reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and inhibited levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Transcriptome and m6A sequencing revealed the landscape of transcriptome and m6A modification influenced by NASH and the following GJLZ decoction intervention. Eleven differential genes were identified, and GJLZ markedly promoted m6A level of UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3 (Ugt2a3), to promote its expression. Additionally, GJLZ significantly promoted methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) expression, whereas METTL14 knockdown aggravated hepatocellular steatosis. Finally, METTL14 knockdown significantly reduced the level of Ugt2a3 by promoting its degradation, whereas, Ugt2a3 overexpression could markedly inhibit hepatocellular steatosis. GJLZ decoction demonstrates potential in alleviating CDHFD-induced NASH by modulating the METTL14-m6A-Ugt2a3 axis, offering a novel therapeutic approach for NASH treatment.

Clinical Study of Lipid Profile in Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Tertiary care Center

Background: Stroke caused by Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has high mortality rate. Among various risk factors for ICH, hypertension is the most important factor. Certain population studies have reported a paradox of inverse association between serum cholesterol and risk of ICH. Aims and objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the serum lipid profile total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), high density cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density cholesterol (LDL-C) in intracerebral haemorrhage patients and look for correlation. Methods: 50 patients with ICH admitted in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study design was a hospital based observational clinical study. History, clinical examination and investigations (CT &amp; MRI Brain and basic blood biochemistry with serum lipid profile) were collected and the data were analysed statistically. Results: Majority of the ICH patients in our study were &gt;55 years and were males. The total serum cholesterol was &lt; 200mg/dl in 72 % of our patients, with a mean of 168.09 ±43.74mg%. Serum triglyceride level was patients, with mean of 108.26±43.31mg%. HDL-C was &lt; 40 mg/dl in 76% of patients and VLDL-C was &lt; 30mg/dl in 72% patients. The various lipid fractions observed were found to be low in majority of our ICH patients (p value &lt; 0.05), suggesting a negative association between the two. The results obtained were comparable to other similar studies. Conclusion: Majority of intracerebral haemorrhage patients in our study had lower levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C. Whether the inverse association between serum lipid levels and ICH is a true causal association or only by chance due to other common confounding factors needs to be evaluated with large scale studies.

Extremely High Triglyceride In A Beta Thalassemia Minor Patient: A Case Report

Introduction: hypertriglyceridemia in pediatric population whether familial or acquired is associated with Diabetes Mellitus type 1, uremia, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome etc. abnormal serum lipid levels are associated with premature atherosclerosis. It is also seen that there is an association of hypertriglyceridemia with beta thalassemia in some cases which indicates the poor prognosis. Materials and methods: in this context here, we are reporting a case of beta thalassemia minor with extremely high triglyceride level. A 2-year-old male child with history of failure to thrive and mild to moderate anemia was investigated for complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin typing, lipid profile, renal function test, liver function test, thyroid profile and the electrolytes. Result: The Hb typing showed elevated HbA2, CBC showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, triglyceride level was 2010 mg/dl. His father and mother are both beta thalassemia minor patient Conclusion: as hypertriglyceridemia in beta thalassemia is reversible, care should be taken to prevent persistent hypertriglyceridemia which increases chance of atherosclerosis and pancreatitis

Relationship between Heated Tobacco Product Use and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2021 (VII-1 and VIII).

The use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) among Korean adults has been steadily increasing since they were first introduced in 2017. It is known that smoking combustible cigarettes (CCs) adversely affects the serum lipid profile and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the health impacts of HTPs remain under- researched. This study, therefore, aims to explore the effects of HTP use on serum lipid levels. This study involved 10,309 participants, selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1 and VIII conducted between 2018 and 2021. Participants were categorized based on their smoking status: "HTPs ever user" included dual, triple, and past HTP users; "current HTPs only user" for those exclusively using HTPs; "current CCs only user" for those exclusively smoking CCs; and "never smoker." Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of smoking type on serum lipid concentrations. The analysis revealed that the "HTPs ever user" group had a higher odds ratio (OR) for elevated total cholesterol compared to the "never smoker" group (OR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.92). The likelihood of having high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was greatest in the "current HTPs only user" group when compared to "never smokers" (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.89). The findings indicate that exclusive use of HTPs is linked to an increased level of serum LDL-cholesterol. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to fully determine the health risks associated with HTPs.

Tracking of serum lipids from prepuberty to young adulthood: results from the KiGGS cohort study

BackgroundUniversal lipid screening in childhood for early detection and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia is under discussion, but will also detect children with multifactorial dyslipidemia. Results from population-based studies can support the design of public health strategies. As few previous studies considered pubertal changes in serum lipid levels, we examined tracking of serum lipids from prepuberty to young adulthood in a population-based cohort.MethodsThis longitudinal study includes 692 children from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS; baseline: 2003–2006, follow-up: 2014–2017) who were 6–8 years old at baseline, at least 18 years old at follow-up, and had measurements of serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; non-HDL-C) at both time points. We calculated proportions of participants by life stage-specific risk categories applying cut points for young children and young adults. We used correlation coefficients to estimate serum lipid tracking from childhood to young adulthood. The association between follow-up and baseline lipid levels was examined in sex-specific multivariable linear regression models including body mass index (BMI), health-related behaviors and medication use as covariables.ResultsThe correlation coefficient between baseline and follow-up was 0.60 for non-HDL-C, 0.56 for TC, and 0.43 for HDL-C and was higher in males than in females. 67% of participants had acceptable and 9% had borderline/elevated non-HDL-C levels at both time points. Of participants with borderline/elevated non-HDL-C levels at baseline 32% remained in this category and 68% improved. Non-HDL-C levels at baseline explained 53% of the variance in levels at follow-up in males and 28% in females. After adjustment for covariables, the explained variance increased to 62% in males and 45% in females. An increase in BMI z-scores from childhood to young adulthood in all sexes and oral contraceptive use in females was positively associated with higher levels at follow-up.ConclusionsNon-HDL-C levels in prepuberty are moderate predictors of levels in young adulthood, along with increasing BMI from childhood to young adulthood, and oral contraceptive use among women. Comprehensive strategies including public health interventions targeting elevated lipid levels and obesity in combination, are essential to prevent premature cardiovascular events.

Cmpk2 Gene and Protein Expression in Saliva or Salivary Glands of Dyslipidemic Mice

Salivary biomarkers are promising molecules for diagnosing systemic diseases. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, little is known about the role of the CMPK2 gene in saliva and dyslipidemia. This study investigated the relationship between serum lipid levels and Cmpk2 mRNA expression in the saliva of dyslipidemic mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was employed to assess the localization of the CMPK2 protein in the submandibular gland. Two types of dyslipidemic mice were utilized: mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and genetically dyslipidemic ApoE-deficient mice. The mice at 9 to 46 weeks were analyzed for serum lipid levels, Cmpk2 mRNA expression in saliva, and CMPK2 protein localization in the submandibular glands. Both dyslipidemic mice displayed elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in serum. ApoE-deficient mice apparently exhibited increased Cmpk2 expression in saliva. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that CMPK2 proteins were primarily localized in the serous acini, potentially associated with the secretion of Cmpk2 mRNA in saliva. These findings suggest that Cmpk2 mRNA increases and is detectable in the saliva of dyslipidemic mice, providing a viable experimental model to assess the potential use of CMPK2 as a biomarker for dyslipidemia.

Folic Acid Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Postpartum Weight Retention in Rats, Which Is Associated with a Reduction in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Hepatic Lipogenesis.

Proactively preventing postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is one of the effective intervention strategies to reduce the occurrence of obesity in women. Population studies have shown that serum folate levels are closely related to body weight. The regulation of folic acid on lipid metabolism has been fully confirmed in both in vivo and in vitro studies. For many years, folic acid supplementation has been widely used in periconceptional women due to its role in preventing fetal neural tube defects. However, whether folic acid supplementation prior to and throughout pregnancy exerts preventive effects on PPWR remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of folic acid on PPWR in rats and further explore the underlying mechanisms. In this study, pregnant rats were administered one of the dietary schedules: control diet (CON), high-fat diet (HF), control diet combined with folic acid (FA) and high-fat diet combined with folic acid (HF + FA). We discovered that folic acid supplementation inhibited high-fat diet-induced elevations in body weight, visceral fat weight, liver weight, hepatic lipid levels and serum lipid levels at 1 week post-weaning (PW). Western blot analysis showed that folic acid supplementation inhibited the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-specific proteins including GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, IRE1α, XBP1 and ATF6, subsequently decreasing the expression of proteins related to lipid synthesis including SREBP-1c, ACC1 and FAS. In conclusion, folic acid supplementation prior to and throughout pregnancy exerts preventive effects on high-fat diet-induced PPWR in rats, and the mechanism is associated with the inhibition of ER stress-mediated lipogenesis signaling pathways in the liver. Folic acid supplementation may serve as a potential strategy for preventing PPWR. In the future, the effectiveness of folic acid in PPWR prevention can be further verified by population studies.

Green Radish Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Gut Microbiota Regulation.

The objective of this study was to examine the hypolipidemic effect and potential mechanism of action of green radish polysaccharide (GRP) in hyperlipidemic mice. We found that in mice fed a high-fat diet, supplementing with GRP reduced body weight and liver index, significantly improved serum lipid levels and markers of liver damage, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanistically, in these hyperlipidemic mice, the size of fat cells was reduced by GRP, and the abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets was reduced. We also found that GRP regulates the composition of the intestinal microbiota, including the ratio of Firmicutes to Mycobacteria F/B and the levels of Blautia spp., which have been shown to alleviate liver damage and treat hyperlipidemia. Metabolite pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes identified the glycolysis/glycolytic metabolism and propionate metabolism pathways as potential targets for GRP in the amelioration of hyperlipidemia.

The Effects of Tirzepatide on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist being evaluated for the treatment of various metabolic disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized data on the effects of tirzepatide on serum lipid levels. We systematically searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for relevant data from randomized controlled clinical trials. All articles were screened, reviewed, and extracted by at least two independent authors, with conflicts resolved by consensus. Four hundred and thirty-three records were identified in the initial literature search; 18 of them were identified for full-text review, and 14 of those were systematically reviewed and included in the analysis. The meta-analysis was performed using an inverse variance random-effects model. Fourteen articles that reported data from 13 randomized controlled clinical trials were included in the review. Nine trials had a low risk of bias, two had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The pooled analysis showed that tirzepatide was efficacious at improving all lipid markers, including cholesterol and triglycerides. Moreover, a clear dose response trend was visible across results from groups taking 5, 10, and 15 mg of tirzepatide. There is growing evidence to support the use of tirzepatide in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Our results demonstrate that tirzepatide significantly improves all aspects of patient metabolism and might be superior in this regard to conventional agents such as insulin formulations or traditional GLP-1 agonists.