Serum Lipids In Men Research Articles

Short-Term Dietary Calcium Fortification Increases Fecal Saturated Fat Content and Reduces Serum Lipids in Men

The effect of dietary calcium on fecal fatty acid excretion and serum lipids was tested in a randomized, single-blind metabolic study in 13 healthy men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. A low calcium base diet containing 34% of energy from fat, 13% from saturated fatty acids, 240 mg cholesterol/d and 410 mg Ca/d was compared with a fortified version in which calcium citrate malate was added to orange juice, (550 mg) muffins (750 mg), and two tablets (500 mg) for a total calcium intake of 2200 mg/d. Fecal collections (72 h, d 8, 9, 10) and blood from fasting subjects for lipids and lipoproteins (d 9, 10, 11) were obtained. The percentage of dietary saturated fat excreted per day increased from 6 to 13% with calcium fortification. There was no change in fecal bile acid excretion. The high Ca diet significantly reduced total cholesterol 6% (5.99 to 5.66 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol 11% (4.13 to 3.67 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein B concentrations 7% when compared with the low Ca diet (P < 0.05). There was no change in HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A1 concentrations. Urinary calcium excretion increased from 146 to 230 mg/d when the high Ca diet was consumed. Calcium fortification was effective in lowering total and LDL cholesterol concentrations and may be an effective adjunct to cholesterol-lowering diet therapy.

Erişkin Türk Toplumunda Kan Yağlarındaki Bozulmayı Öngörmede Beden Yağı ve Antropometrik Ölçütlerin Etkinliği

Objective: Anthropometric measurements are frequently used to determine the body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a fairly a new technique that is used to assess the percentage body fat (PBF). The objectives of this study were to examine the association between PBF, anthropometric measurements and serum lipids in men and women and to compare the ability of anthropometric measurements and PBF for estimating impaired serum lipids. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study included 974 participants (age ≥30) of the Heart of Balçova (BAK) Project. Serum lipids [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride], PBF and anthropometric measurements (body mass index-BMI, waist circumference-WC, waist hip ratio-WHpR, waist height ratio-WHtR) were examined. Results: Obesity was common among participants. Mean total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C values were above the recommended levels. PBF and anthropometric measurements were associated with HDL-C in men. The association between PBF and anthropometric measurements with HDL-C and triglyceride was stronger for women than it was for men. BMI was the best indicator for HDL-C in men. For women, all indices and PBF were successful in estimating serum lipids; WHpR was the best indicator for TC and LDL-C, WHtR for triglyceride and WC for HDL-C. Conclusion: PBF and anthropometric measurements had weak but significant correlations with serum lipids and PBF was not superior to anthropometric indices. Waist-height ratio is an easy, non-invasive anthropometric measurement that can be used in defining obesity.

Dyslipidaemia is associated with testosterone, oestradiol and androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in men with type 2 diabetes

There is a high prevalence of low testosterone and dyslipidaemia in men with type 2 diabetes. The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism (AR CAG) affects receptor transcriptional activity (the shorter repeats the more sensitive AR) and is associated with androgenic parameters and obesity. This study describes the relationships between testosterone, AR CAG and serum lipids in men with type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional study of men with type 2 diabetes in a District General Hospital Diabetes Centre. Correlation between testosterone, AR CAG and serum lipids. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated with total testosterone (TT) (r = 0·251, P < 0·001), bioavailable testosterone (BT) (r = 0·19, P = 0·001), free testosterone (FT) (r = 0·165, P = 0·005) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (r = 0·147, P = 0·014). HDL-C did not correlate with oestradiol, but men with the lowest quartile of oestradiol had lower HDL-C compared to highest quartile (P = 0·046). Triglycerides correlated negatively with TT (r = -0·195, P = 0·001), BT (r = -0·148, P = 0·013) and SHBG (-0·14, P = 0·019) but not with FT or oestradiol. Total and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) correlated negatively with oestradiol (r = -0·121, P = 0·05) but not with testosterone or SHBG. One-way anova testing across four quartiles of AR CAG showed a trend to alteration in HDL-C across groups of AR CAG (P = 0·08). HDL-C was significantly higher in men with the longest AR CAG compared with the shortest (1·19 vs 1·08 mmol/l, P = 0·02). Lower testosterone and oestradiol levels in men with diabetes are associated with an adverse lipid profile. Shorter AR CAG is associated with low HDL-C and testosterone. The paradox that HDL-C is associated with low testosterone levels and a more active AR may suggest divergent effect of testosterone on HDL-C via genomic vs nongenomic mechanisms.

Preliminary report: Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein genotype and serum levels are associated with serum lipids

Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a serum protein implicated in cancer cachexia and lipolysis. Our aim was to investigate serum levels of ZAG and polymorphisms in the ZAG gene in relation to serum lipids in man. Serum levels of ZAG correlated with serum levels of cholesterol ( P = .00088) in healthy subjects and during weight loss ( P = .059). The ZAG genotype was associated with total cholesterol ( P = .014) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = .026) in healthy subjects, and the associations were replicated in an additional cohort ( P = .0017 and P = .060, respectively). Our data indicate that ZAG plays a role in lipid metabolism.

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Blood Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged Japanese Men and Women

This study investigated the association between dietary glycemic index (GI)/glycemic load (GL) and serum lipids in middle-aged Japanese men and women. The study participants were employees of a metal products factory in Japan: 2,257 men and 1,598 women aged 35 years or older. Dietary GI and GL were assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Serum lipid levels, adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, menopause status, and dietary intake of total energy, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and fiber, were compared among GI/GL quintiles for each gender. No significant associations were observed between GI and adjusted serum lipids in men or women. In contrast, GL was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol in men and women (p for trend=0.001 for men and < 0.001 for women), and positively associated with non-HDL-cholesterol (p for trend=0.010), LDL-cholesterol (p for trend=0.035) and triglycerides (p for trend=0.011) in women; however, alcohol drinking affected these associations; there was no association between GL and serum lipids in male nondrinkers and between GL and LDL-cholesterol in female nondrinkers. GL was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol and positively associated with non-HDL-cholesterol in Japanese women. These associations in men were not observed in nondrinkers. A high-GL diet for women may have an atherogenic effect through these serum lipid abnormalities.

Dietary cholesterol and serum lipids in man.

Dietary Cholesterol and Serum Lipids in Man Get access Nutrition Reviews, Volume 19, Issue 10, October 1961, Pages 293–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1961.tb01840.x Published: 01 October 1961

Lupin kernel fibre-enriched foods beneficially modify serum lipids in men

To examine the effect of a diet containing a novel legume food ingredient, Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) kernel fibre (LKFibre), compared to a control diet without the addition of LKFibre, on serum lipids in men. Randomized crossover dietary intervention study. Melbourne, Australia--Free-living men. A total of 38 healthy males between the ages of 24 and 64 y completed the intervention. Subjects consumed an LKFibre and a control diet for 1 month each. Both diets had the same background menus with seven additional experimental foods that either contained LKFibre or did not. Depending on energy intake, the LKFibre diet was designed to contain an additional 17 to 30 g/day fibre beyond that of the control diet. Compared to the control diet, the LKFibre diet reduced total cholesterol (TC) (mean+/-s.e.m.; 4.5+/-1.7%; P=0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (5.4+/-2.2%; P=0.001), TC: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (3.0+/-2.0%; P=0.006) and LDL-C:HDL-C (3.8+/-2.6%; P=0.003). No effects on HDL-C, triacylglycerols, glucose or insulin were observed. Addition of LKFibre to the diet provided favourable changes to some serum lipid measures in men, which, combined with its high palatability, suggest this novel ingredient may be useful in the dietary reduction of coronary heart disease risk.

Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men.

Alterations in serum lipid values have been widely reported among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but no data have yet been reported on changes from preseroconversion lipid values. To describe changes in serum cholesterol levels associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral medication exposure, and 1-time assessment of triglyceride levels post-HAART initiation. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective study in which homosexual and bisexual men were enrolled and from which 50 of 517 HIV seroconverters were drawn for the analysis herein, who later initiated HAART, involving measurements of stored serum samples obtained between 1984 and 2002. Changes in levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 time points during an average of 12 years; 1-time assessment of triglyceride levels from the third post-HAART clinic visit. Among the 50 men, notable declines in mean serum TC (-30 mg/dL [-0.78 mmol/L]), HDL-C (-12 mg/dL [-0.31 mmol/L]), and LDL-C values (-22 mg/dL [-0.57 mmol/L]) were observed after HIV infection. Following HAART initiation, there were large increases in mean TC and LDL-C values (50 and 21 mg/dL [1.30 and 0.54 mmol/L], respectively); however, the mean changes from the preseroconversion values were 20 mg/dL (0.52 mmol/L) (95% confidence interval [CI], -1 to 41) and -1 mg/dL (-0.03 mmol/L) (95% CI, -25 to 22), respectively. Mean HDL-C remained below baseline levels throughout follow-up. The median value (interquartile range) of triglycerides was 225 mg/dL (2.54 mmol/L) (147-331 mg/dL). Before treatment, HIV infection results in substantial decreases in serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels. Subsequent HAART initiation is associated with increases in TC and LDL-C but little change in HDL-C. Increases in TC and LDL-C observed after about 3 years of HAART possibly represent a return to preinfection serum lipid levels after accounting for expected age-related changes.

Impact of HIV Infection and HAART on Serum Lipids in Men

Impact of HIV Infection and HAART on Serum Lipids in Men

The Effect of Fasting in Ramadan on the Values and Interrelations Between Biochemical, Coagulation and Hematological Factors

The possible consequences of the long intermittent fasting schedule during Ramadan (one month of food and water intake limited to night hours, a practice that is followed by the majority of the Muslims worldwide) on certain biochemical constituents or coagulation variables have not been extensively documented. During the month of Ramadan and two months after, we monitored the concentration of different plasma lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apoproteins A(1) and B, fibrinogen, factor VII activity and some selected hematological factors in 50 healthy subjects who were employees of institutes related to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and aged between 30 and 45 years. The effect of fasting in Ramadan on the relationship between biochemical and coagulation variables was also investigated. The values of apoprotein B, Lp(a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio were significantly decreased during Ramadan (P<0.05), while total cholesterol (Tot-C), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, HDL-C and fasting blood glucose did not change during that month. Among coagulation and hematological factors, fibrinogen level and factor VII activity were significantly decreased during the month (P<0.05). Results also indicated a significant positive association between fibrinogen level and Lp(a), factor VII activity and Tot-C, LDL-C, TG and Apo B during Ramadan. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of previous reports, as the metabolic and coagulation changes that are considered as atherosclerosis risk factors are counterbalanced during Ramadan.

Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids in men and women with hypercholesterolemia

Inulin, a carbohydrate derived from plant sources, can be classified as a soluble fiber. Since inulin has a bland flavor and a fat-like texture, it can be incorporated into various food preparations to replace sugar and fat. Soluble fibers have been shown to modulate serum lipids, therefore, the present study examined the effect of consuming three servings per day of inulin-containing foods, compared to similar foods without inulin, on serum lipid profiles among hypercholesterolemic men and women. In addition, the practicality of including 18 g/day of inulin in a low-fat diet was investigated. The study was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with two six-week treatment periods, separated by a six-week washout. Twenty-one men and women with baseline low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 3.36–5.17 mmol/L completed the trial. Within each treatment sequence, total and LDL-C increased significantly (7.4% and 12.3%, respectively) during the control phase. There were small, non-significant declines in total- (1.3%) and LDL-C (2.1%) during the inulin phase. Thus, differences in response between periods (inulin minus control) were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for LDL-C (−14.4%) and total cholesterol (−8.7%), respectively. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort was more common during the inulin than control food phase, however, the gastrointestinal side effect profile of inulin was similar to that of other soluble fibers. Although it is not possible to draw firm conclusions from these data, inulin may have blunted the hypercholesterolemic effects observed during consumption of control foods. Additional research will be required to confirm the possible lipid-modulating properties of dietary inulin in humans.

Re: "Amount and Intensity of Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Serum Lipids in Men"

The Journal is notified by Drs. Jaume Marrugat and Roberto Elosua of two errors in table 5 of their recently published paper (1).

Amount and intensity of physical activity, physical fitness, and serum lipids in men. The MARATHOM Investigators.

Physical activity improves one's lipid profile and increases physical fitness. The present study was aimed at determining the association of amount and intensity of leisure time physical activity with serum lipid profile and physical fitness. A total of 537 healthy men aged 20-60 years were recruited in a quota sampling frame for measurement of physical activity energy expenditure at two different levels. The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured, and all participants were given an exercise test. Physical activities with an intensity greater than 7 kcal/minute were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with a higher level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a lower atherogenic index (total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol). Independently of other confounding variables, each average 100 kcal/day expended in leisure time physical activity with an intensity greater than 7 kcal/minute during the previous year was associated with an increase of 2.09 mg/dl (0.054 mmol/liter) in HDL cholesterol and a decrease of 0.23 in atherogenic index. However, only physical activity with an intensity greater than 9 kcal/minute was associated with decreases in total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and log(triglycerides). Better physical fitness was associated with physical activities of intensities above 5 kcal/minute. There is a threshold in the intensity of exercise associated with serum lipid profile (7 kcal/minute) and physical fitness (5 kcal/minute). Above the former threshold, the relation between amount of physical activity and lipid levels is linear for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and atherogenic index and is logarithmic for triglycerides.

Psychosocial and behavioral factors associated with serum lipids in university students

The impact of psychosocial and behavioral factors on serum lipids was examined in 46 male and 47 female students with a mean age of 23 years. Subjects were recruited from the University of Stockholm and the study was performed with the Student Health Care Organization in order to have a basis for intervention programs. Significant associations between serum lipids and parental education, regularity of breakfast habits, nourishing eating, social support, depressive feelings and quality of life are found. However, there is no consistent pattern for these associations in men and women. Thus, some associations are significant for men and some for women. Women with parents having higher levels of education had lower values of cholesterol, triglycerides and apo B, and higher values of apo A-1 (representing the ‘good’ cholesterol) than women whose parents were not highly educated. When controlling the associations for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, physical activity, coffee, alcohol, smoking habits, nourishing eating and quality of life, the associations were strongly confirmed. No similar associations were found in men. Men who reported low social support or social integration and a low perceived quality of life showed a tendency to higher levels of lipids compared to those who reported high integration and quality of life. Regularity of dietary habits was found to be associated to serum lipids in men, the greater the regularity, the lower the lipid levels. The strongest association was found for regularity of breakfast habits. This association was also strongly significant in the regression analysis after controlling for the described confounding factors. A significant association between apo B only and breakfast habits was apparent in the regression analysis even in women.

Diterpene composition of oils from Arabica and Robusta coffee beans and their effects on serum lipids in man

The cholesterol-raising effect of boiled coffee is caused by diterpenes from coffee oil. In order to identify the diterpene responsible, we analysed the diterpene composition of oils from Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Robusta (Coffea canephora robusta) beans and their effects on serum lipids and thyroid function. During the first 3-week period of a randomized, cross-over trial, 11 healthy, normolipaemic volunteers received per day either 2 g of coffee oil (n = 5) or placebo oil (n = 6). After a 2-week wash-out, the reverse treatments were applied for another 3 weeks. Six subjects received Arabica oil, supplying 72 mg day-1 cafestol and 53 mg day-1 kahweol, and five received Robusta oil, which provided 40 mg of cafestol, 19 mg of 16-O-methyl-cafestol, and 2 mg of kahweol per day. Background diets were constant. The average serum cholesterol levels rose by 0.65 mmol L-1 (13%) on Arabica oil (P < 0.025; 95% CI, 0.21-1.09 mmol L-1) and by 0.53 mmol L-1 (13%) on Robusta oil (NS; 95% CI -0.36-1.42 mmol L-1). The triglycerides levels rose by 0.54 mmol L-1 (71%) on Arabica (P < 0.005; 95% CI, 0.22-0.76 mmol L-1) and 0.49 mmol L-1 (61%) on Robusta oil (P < 0.005; 95% CI, 0.30-0.68 mmol L-1). None of the effects on serum lipids or lipoprotein cholesterol levels was significantly different between Arabica and Robusta oil. Concentrations of serum total and free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were largely unaffected. Both Arabica and Robusta oil elevated serum lipid levels; therefore, cafestol must be involved and kahweol cannot be the sole cholesterol-raising diterpene. The mode of action of coffee diterpenes does not involve induction of hypothyroidism.

Corn Bran Supplementation of a Low-Fat Controlled Diet Lowers Serum Lipids in Men with Hypercholesterolemia

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the lipid-lowering effects of dietary corn bran fed in moderate supplemental doses to men with hypercholesterolemia consuming a low-fat diet. Design The 98-day study was divided into one 2-week preperiod and two 6-week experimental periods in a crossover design. Setting The study was conducted in the metabolic diet kitchen of the Department of Home Economics and the Nutrition Research Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture at Illinois State University, Normal. Subjects Twenty-nine sedentary men with hypercholesterolemia, aged 38 to 70 years, participated in the project. All of them completed the study. Interventions After a 2-week adjustment period in which subjects consumed a low-fat controlled diet, subjects were assigned to one of two experimental treatments: low-fat controlled diet plus 20 g corn bran supplement or low-fat controlled diet plus 20 g wheat bran supplement. Main outcome measures Lipid measurements included total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglyceride concentrations. Statistical analyses performed Differences in lipid parameters were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures ( P<.05). A paired t test was used to assess differences between treatment periods for each subject. Results The low-fat controlled diet significantly lowered all serum parameters analyzed except HDL-C. Corn fiber supplementation resulted in an additional lowering of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and VLDL-C concentrations. Serum LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations were not significantly altered by corn fiber or wheat fiber supplementation. Applications This study suggests that supplementing a low-fat diet with corn bran is affective in reducing serum lipid concentrations for men with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:40–45.

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on blood pressure and serum lipids in men at increased risk of cardiovascular disease

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on blood pressure and serum lipids in men at increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Fat distribution and gender differences in serum lipids in men and women from four European communities

We studied male/female differences in serum lipids in randomly selected 38-year-old men ( n = 337) and women ( n = 342) from various cities in The Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, and Poland. Overall, men had higher triglycerides and total cholesterol levels and lower HDL-levels compared to women ( P < 0.001). Adjustment for smoking habits, city, and body mass index did not remove the gender difference. Further adjustments for waist circumference alone and waist/hip and waist/thigh circumference ratio removed the gender differences in serum triglycerides and total cholesterol. Only adjustment for waist/thigh ratio removed the gender difference in HDL-cholesterol but linear relationships were different in men and women. The average male/ female difference in serum lipids, particularly for total and LDL-cholesterol varied considerably among centers. In analyses of the data from the separate centers we found that sex differences in serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol in all 4 centers disappeared when adjusted for waist circumference alone and for waist/hip and waist/ thigh ratio. For total and LDL-cholesterol, however, adjustment for circumference ratios tended to increase the male/female difference in 2 of the 4 centers. It is concluded that, in European men and women, fat distribution may be responsible for male/female differences in serum triglycerides but that such conclusions are less clear for HDL-, total- and LDL-cholesterol.

Effects of fish oil on serum lipids in men during a controlled feeding trial

Effects of fish-oil (FO) feeding on serum lipids were investigated in a 42-d controlled diet study. Fifteen healthy male college students were assigned to one of three groups: control (0 g FO); 5 g FO, supplying 2 g n - 3 (omega-3) fatty acids (FAs); or 20 g FO, supplying 8 g n - 3 FAs. In an initial 7-d period subjects consumed a basal diet with no FO. Then FO replaced an equivalent amount of margarine for 5 wk. FO feeding significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased the serum n - 6 FAs, linoleic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, and arachidonic acid. A significant increase in the n - 3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, was noted in serum, platelet, and neutrophil phospholipids. The 20-g-FO group showed a 30% decrease (p less than 0.01) in triglycerides after 2 wk FO with no further decrease observed. Thus, 20 g FO produced changes in both FA patterns and triglyceride concentrations whereas 5 g FO produced changes in FA patterns only. Neither FO amount resulted in significant changes in total or HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, or apolipoprotein B-100.

Lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study

The changes in serum lipids in men treated with gemfibrozil in the Helsinki Heart Study, a controlled primary prevention trial of coronary heart disease, varied according to baseline lipid levels, type of dyslipidaemia, and treatment compliance. In subjects with the best treatment compliance, gemfibrozil induced mean decreases of 14% in total cholesterol, 15% in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and 45% in triglycerides, and a mean increase of 14% in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with placebo. These changes were significantly greater than those observed in the entire cohort. There was a strong association between baseline levels and the response to treatment (expressed as the difference in mmol l-1 between the gemfibrozil- and placebo-treated groups) for LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. In contrast, the corresponding change in HDL-cholesterol was not dependent on the baseline level. Ultracentrifuge analysis in a subsample of the cohort revealed that gemfibrozil raised the level of HDL3-cholesterol but had little effect on HDL2-cholesterol. The gemfibrozil-associated reduction in the incidence of definite coronary events varied according to lipid values at baseline and their changes during treatment. The greatest reductions were seen in subjects with low initial HDL-cholesterol and high initial triglycerides. In the gemfibrozil group, the increase in HDL-cholesterol and decrease in LDL-cholesterol were associated with significantly lower risk of coronary events.