Serum Lipid Levels In Patients Research Articles

Elevated SCN11A concentrations associated with lower serum lipid levels in patients with major depressive disorder

The pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves lipid metabolism. Our earlier research also revealed that MDD patients had much lower total cholesterol (TC) concentrations than healthy controls (HCs). However, it is still unclear why TC decreased in MDD. Here, based on the Ingenuity Knowledge Base’s ingenuity pathway analysis, we found that sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11A (SCN11A) might serve as a link between low lipid levels and MDD. We analyzed the TC levels and used ELISA kits to measure the levels of SCN11A in the serum from 139 MDD patients, and 65 HCs to confirm this theory and explore the potential involvement of SCN11A in MDD. The findings revealed that TC levels were considerably lower and SCN11A levels were remarkably increased in MDD patients than those in HCs, while they were significantly reversed in drug-treatment MDD patients than in drug-naïve MDD patients. There was no significant difference in SCN11A levels among MDD patients who used single or multiple antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other antidepressants. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of TC and SCN11A were linked with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scales score. A substantial association was also found between TC and SCN11A. Moreover, a discriminative model made up of SCN11A was discovered, which produced an area under a curve of 0.9571 in the training set and 0.9357 in the testing set. Taken together, our findings indicated that SCN11A may serve as a link between low lipid levels and MDD, and showed promise as a candidate biomarker for MDD.

Different Effects of Hypoxia-Inducible FactorProlyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors on Serum Lipid Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis

Different Effects of Hypoxia-Inducible FactorProlyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors on Serum Lipid Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis

Tenofovir alafenamide significantly increased serum lipid levels compared with entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus patients.

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has a serum lipid-raising effect in patients with HIV; however, its effect on serum lipids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unclear. To compare the effects of TAF and entecavir (ETV) on serum lipid levels in patients with CHB. In this retrospective cohort study, the data including the clinical features, serum lipids, and metabolic factors of patients with CHB at baseline and approximately 1 year after TAF or ETV treatment were collected and analyzed. We used propensity score-matched models to assess the effects on high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TCHO). A total of 336 patients (75.60% male) were included; 63.69% received TAF and 36.31% received ETV. Compared with the ETV group, the TAF group had significantly higher TCHO levels after treatment (4.67 ± 0.90 vs 4.36 ± 1.05, P = 0.006). In a propensity score-matched model for body mass index, age, sex, smoking, drinking, presence of comorbidities such as NAFLD, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, TAF-treated patients had significantly increased TCHO levels compared to that at baseline (P = 0.019). There was no difference for the ETV group. Body mass index, sex, hypertension, baseline TCHO, and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels were significantly associated with elevated TCHO levels in logistic regression analysis. However, 1-year TAF treatment did not increase the incidence of NAFLD. A greater increase in TCHO was observed in patients with CHB receiving TAF compared to those receiving ETV. However, TAF-induced dyslipidemia did not increase the incidence of NAFLD.

The anti-dyslipidemia property of saffron petal hydroalcoholicextract in cardiovascular patients: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Dyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Despite developments in pharmacological treatments for dyslipidemia there are several challenges. Recently some herbs highly considered to control dyslipidemia due to their low toxicity and high potency. In this study we investigated the effects of saffron petals on the lipid profile of dyslipidemia patients as well as several other biochemical blood factors. In this double blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial, we used systematic random sampling to divide 40 patients with at least two abnormalities in the following factors: (high-density lipoproteins (HDL) ≤40, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) ≥130, triglycerides (TG) ≥200, total cholesterol (Cho) ≥200), into 2 groups of 21 ones. At the end of the intervention period, serum lipid factors, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinin (CR) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured and statistically compared with their values just before the intervention. We found that the saffron petal pills markedly (P<0.001) decreased the serum lipid levels of patients (TG, Cho and LDL) in the intervention group (113.81±12.93, 56.52±4.68 and 48.28±3.70) as compared to the placebo group (18.42±15.79, 4.57±4.40 and 7.38±3.54). Also, comparing the mean value of differences in two groups before and after the intervention showed significant reduction in TG (113.81±26), Cho (56.53±0.30) and LDL (48.28±4.30) levels (P<0.001). The saffron petal pills considerably reduced blood serum lipid profile and as well as urea and CR of dyslipidemia patients. So, this plant may be used as a potent phytomedicine for treatment and prevention of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disorders. However, the results indicated that no statistical change was observed in the level of other biochemical blood factors such as ALT, AST, ALP and FBS.

Association of S19W polymorphism in APOA5 gene and serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Type 2 diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common systemic and endocrine disease in humans, anddiabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of this disorder. The polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) gene are strongly related to hypertriglyceridemia and are considered a predisposing factor for diabetic nephropathy. The current study proposed to examine the association of APOA5-S19W polymorphism with serum lipids levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy in Mazandaran province. This case-control study was designed to determine the association of APOA5-S19W polymorphism with plasma lipid profile in 161 T2DM patients with nephropathy (DN+), without nephropathy (DN-), and in 58 healthy individuals. Lipid profile values were measured using ParsAzmoun commercial kits. S19W variant, one of the polymorphisms of the APOA5 gene, was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Taq1 restriction enzyme. In comparison between the three groups, DN+ had a higher mean TG than DN- and the control group (p<0.001). The incidence of the G allele in DN+ was not significant compared to groups of DN-. Comparing the relationship between the mean of biochemical variables with CC and CG genotypes showed that the mean level of TG in people with CC genotype was increased compared to people with CG genotype in diabetic patients. However, this increase was not significant (p=0.19). There was no association between SNP APOA5 S19W and serum lipids in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.

Evaluation of Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Evaluation of Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Serum lipid levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria – An analytical cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare serum lipid levels in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and normal subjects. The secondary objective was to study the clinical profile of patients with CSU. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study comparing the serum lipid levels in 45 patients with CSU with that of age- and gender-matched normal subjects who attended a tertiary care center during a period of 1 year (January 2020 to December 2020). A structured questionnaire was used to record history and examination findings. Lipid levels were estimated by collecting blood samples after 12 hours of fasting. The data were analyzed by independent sample t-test to compare the mean values between the different groups and Chi-square test for comparing proportion. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most of the study participants belonged to the age group of 21–30 years (mean 29.3 years, standard deviation 8.4 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1: 2.2. The majority of the patients in this study (27, 60%) were either overweight or obese. There was a statistically significant elevation in mean serum triglyceride level (TG) in CSU patients in comparison to normal controls (P = 0.008). Patients with a disease duration of more than 6 months had a significantly higher levels of non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (P = 0.026) and remnant cholesterol (P = 0.038), and significantly lower levels of mean low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.027) and mean LDL/HDL (P = 0.026) in comparison to patients with a disease duration of 6 months or less. Limitations: Small sample size and the cross sectional design were the main limitations. Conclusion: Patients with CSU showed significantly higher levels of serum TG in comparison to controls. Patients with a disease duration of more than 6 months showed a significant increase in mean remnant cholesterol and non-HDL-C levels, and a significant decrease in LDL-C levels and LDL-C/HDL-C, when compared to those with a disease duration of 6 months or less.

Serum Lipid Levels and Their Prognostic Significance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

To investigate the serum lipid levels and their prognostic significance in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). A total of 87 newly diagnosed MM patients and 87 healthy controls in our hospital from January 2012 to April 2021 were selected. Serum lipid levels were compared between MM patients and healthy controls. The differences of serum lipid levels in patients among two groups of sex, age, hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), platelet (PLT), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and bone marrow plasma cell ratio (BMPC), different immune types, different ISS stages, before and after chemotherapy were analyzed. Univariate and COX multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the influence of clinical parameters such as serum lipid indexes on prognosis of MM. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in MM patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P<0.05). Anemia, low protein and low PLT in patients were related to low cholesterol. The levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo B in patients with low Hb and ALB were significantly lower than those in patients with high Hb and ALB (P<0.05). The Apo B level of low PLT patients was significantly lower than that of high PLT patients (P<0.05). The levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo B in patients with different immune types were significantly different, the above indexes of IgA type were significantly lower than IgG type(P<0.05), IgG type were significantly lower than light chain type(P<0.05), double clone type were significantly lower than light chain type (P<0.05). The levels of TC, LDL-C, and Apo B in patients with different ISS stages were significantly different, stage Ⅱ were lower than those of stage Ⅰ (P>0.05), stage Ⅲ were significantly lower than those of stage Ⅱ and stageⅠ(P<0.05). The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo B in patients after chemotherapy were significantly higher than those before chemotherapy (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that Hb, PLT, β2-MG, BMPC, LDL-C and Apo B affected the prognosis of MM. Multivariate analysis showed that BMPC and Apo B were independent factors affecting the prognosis of MM. The serum cholesterol level is decreased in MM patients, and hypocholesterolemia is related to the classification and staging of the disease. With the improvement of the disease, the serum cholesterol level is increased, and low serum Apo B level predicts a poor prognosis.

Characteristics of serum lipid levels in patients with hypertension: a hospital-based retrospective descriptive study

BackgroundDyslipidaemia is different among patients with hypertension in different populations. The serum lipid profiles among Hakka patients with hypertension in southern China are still unclear.Methods35 448 patients with hypertension were...

Effects of sitagliptin on serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lipid abnormalities often occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia will increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific effects of sitagliptin on lipid control remain elusive in diabetic patients. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effects of sitagliptin alone or with other antidiabetic agents on serum lipid control. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and the ClinicalTrials.gov website were systematically searched from 2006 (the first year that sitagliptin entered market) to 16 January 2021. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of sitagliptin including outcomes of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A total of 14 RCTs with 2654 patients were identified. Treatment with sitagliptin alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents significantly reduced serum TC [mean difference (MD) = -5.52 95% confidence interval (95% CI), -7.88 to -3.15; P < 0.00001] and LDL-C (MD = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.00; P < 0.00001) in patients with type 2 diabetes. No statistical significances were found in serum triglycerides (MD = 1.53; 95% CI, -8.22 to 11.28; P = 0.76) or HDL-C (MD = 0.65; 95% CI, -1.59 to 0.29; P = 0.18). Subgroup analyses suggest that sitagliptin can significantly decrease serum LDL-C, TC and triglyceride levels compared with placebo alone, and no statistical significance was found in comparison with the serum HDLC levels. Sitagliptin alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents significantly reduces serum TC and LDL-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while no significant difference was observed in serum triglycerides or HDL-C.

Prevalence and Impact of Apolipoprotein E7 on LDL Cholesterol Among Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: It has been suggested that a rare mutant apolipoprotein E7, APOE7 (p.Glu262Lys, p.Glu263Lys), has been identified to be associated with hyperlipoproteinemia in the general population. Moreover, its prevalence has been shown to be 0.005–0.06%. However, there are no prior data regarding its prevalence and impact on serum lipids in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).Methods: We recruited 1,138 patients with clinically diagnosed FH [mean age = 48, men = 512, median low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol = 231 mg/dl]. The coding regions of three FH genes (LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene were sequenced. We investigated the prevalence and impact of APOE7 mutant on serum lipid levels in patients with FH.Results: We identified 29 patients (2.5 %) with a mutant APOE7 (heterozygote), which is apparently much higher than that of the general population. Moreover, when we focus on those without FH mutation (n = 540), we identified 21 patients (3.9 %) with a mutant APOE7. Patients with a mutant APOE7 exhibited significantly higher median LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with those without this rare mutant (249 vs. 218 mg/dl, p < 0.05, 216 vs. 164 mg/dl, p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, LDL cholesterol levels in the APOE7-oligogenic FH individuals, with a pathogenic mutation in FH genes and APOE7 mutant, were significantly higher than that in monogenic FH patients (265 vs. 245 mg/dl, p < 0.05).Conclusion: We identified more patients with a mutant APOE7 than expected among those diagnosed with FH clinically, especially among those without FH-causing mutation. This implies a mutant APOE7 may be one of the causes FH, especially among those without FH mutations.

Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Patients With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in China: A Cross Sectional, Case–Control Study

Objective: To evaluate the serum lipid levels of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to investigate the relationship between serum lipid levels and PACG.Methods: In this cross-sectional, case–control study, a total of 320 PACG subjects and 242 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (SDLDL-C), triglyceride (TRIG), and cholesterol (CHOL) levels were measured using enzymatic colorimetry. Serum apolipoprotein A (APOA), apolipoprotein B (APOB), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and lipoprotein(a) (LPa) levels were measured by immunoturbidimetry.Results: The serum LDL-C, TRIG, HDL-C, APOE, LPa, CHOL, APOB, and APOA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the PACG group than in the control group. Multiple liner regression analyses revealed that there was a statistically correlation between HDL-C levels and mean deviation MD (B = 0.389, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.249 to −0.624); LDL-C levels and MD (B = 0.190, P = 0.019, 95% CI = −5.632 to −1.306); and CHOL levels and MD (B = 0.364, P = 0.27, 95% CI = −7.727 to −1.839). Logistic regression analyses showed that high serum HDL-C (odds ratio [OR] = 11.01, 95% CI = 5.616–21.587), LDL-C (OR = 1.330, 95% CI = 1.079–1.640), SDLDL-C (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 1.005–1.008), APOA (OR = 13.621, 95% CI = 7.251–25.591), APOB (OR = 2.243, 95% CI = 1.060–4.732), LPa (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.998–1.00), and CHOL (OR = 1.131, 95% CI = 1.005–1.326) levels were significantly associated with PACG.Conclusions: High serum HDL-C, LDL-C, APOA, APOB, LPa, and CHOL levels were associated with PACG.

Increased Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Subjective Tinnitus.

Introduction:The aim was to investigate the link between tinnitus and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TRG), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the central anatolian Turkish population.Materials and Methods:The retrospective and case-control study included a total of 91 patients with subjective tinnitus and a control group of age- and sex-matched 65 healthy volunteers. A detailed otolaryngologic examination followed by pure tone audiometry, serum lipid values, and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone was performed. The clinical characteristics of tinnitus were registered for all patients. The serum levels of TC, TRG, LDL and HDL were compared between the two groups.Results:Mean TC level was 200.57±41.06 mg/dL in the patient group and 179.0±39.03 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.001). Mean TRG level was 177.76±86.94 mg/dL in the patient group and 124.43±61.44 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.000). Mean LDL level was 115.88±32.56 mg/dL in the patient group and 101.31±34.42 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.008). Mean HDL level was 50.25±13.60 mg/dL in the patient group and 53.46±12.66 mg/dL in the control group (P=0.137). Among all the serum lipids, TC, TRG and LDL established a significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion:The results indicated that TC, TRG and LDL levels were significantly higher in tinnitus group and this increase implicates the potential role of hyperlipidemia associated with altered lipid metabolism in the etiology of tinnitus. We suggest that serum lipid levels could be useful and conducive in the diagnosis and prognosis of tinnitus.

Role of carotid intima-Medical thickness in predicting ischemic stroke

Background: Combined carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of atherosclerosis and is also a predictor for ischemic stroke. Objective: To determine CIMT and serum lipid levels in patients of ischemic stroke. Method: A total of 120 patients enrolled in this study 60 cases and 60 controls group. No history of ischemic stroke in control group. The age group was 40-50 years, 50-60 years and 60-70 years. A detailed history of cases and controls was taken, clinical examination and high-resolution Ultrasonography. They were subjected to routine investigations, blood sugars and lipid profile. Result: A total of 20% ischemic stroke patients and 33.3% of control patients found within age group of 40 to 50 years. In age group of 50 to 60 years 35% ischemic stroke patients and 26.7% in control groups. The age group of 60 to70 years included 45% ischemic stroke patients and in control group 40%. The ischemic stroke patients had experienced highly significant CIMT at right (0.723±0.070 millimeter) common carotid artery as compared to controls (0.501±0.061 millimeter) had no previous history of stroke. Conclusion: There is increase in CIMT in patients of ischemic stroke. Elevated serum lipid concentration is related to the occurrence of ischemic stroke in the elderly cohort, an association that is largely dependent on atherosclerosis severity as measured by CIMT.

Scaling vs Comprehensive Periodontal Therapy in Reducing Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis, have shown adverse lipid profiles. The periodontal bacterial burden can induce systemic levels of inflammatory mediators precipitating dyslipidemia. Several studies have provided convincing data linking periodontitis, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Based on these findings, this study gauged the impact of comprehensive periodontal care with surgical therapy on standard periodontal clinical indices, and parameters such as the Body-Mass Index (BMI), Waist-Hip circumference ratio (WHR), and serum lipid levels. Thirty patients with high lipid levels and chronic periodontitis were allocated randomly to group A, receiving complete periodontal therapy, and group B, with scaling only. Apart from BMI and WHR, plaque, and gingival indices, probing depth, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were recorded before and after three months of intervention. Data analysis utilized the paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Patients receiving complete periodontal treatment showed significantly reduced post-therapy lipid levels (TC, LDL), standard clinical indices (plaque and gingival indices) and probing depth, Body mass index, and waisthip ratio (p&lt; 0.05) compared to their respective baseline levels. Plaque index, Gingival index and probing depth were observed to correlate with total cholesterol levels. Therefore, alleviating conditions with persistent inflammation is essential to manage borderline hyperlipidemia.

Association between CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms and lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke

ObjectiveThe CYP2C19 genetic variation may be involved in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Serum lipid levels are important risk factors for ASCVD, but the effect of the CYP2C19 gene on serum lipid metabolism remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated the relationship between the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and serum lipid levels in patients with ischemic stroke (IS).MethodsIS patients (n = 230) and control subjects (n = 100) were enrolled. All patients were diagnosed with IS via clinical manifestations and brain magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were genotyped.ResultsTriglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels were significantly lower in the IS group compared with the control group. Lower ApoA1 levels and higher ApoB levels were significant predictive factors for IS. Patients with higher ApoB levels had a higher risk of IS recurrence. Compared with extensive metabolizers, intermediate and poor CYP2C19 metabolizers had a higher risk of IS recurrence.ConclusionsOur study indicates CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms are related to lipid metabolism in patients with IS. IS patients who are poor CYP2C19 metabolizers may have a higher risk of disease recurrence.

A study of variation in serum lipid levels in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria

Background: Malaria is a common protozoal infection. Plasmodium vivax malaria is the most common species distributed worldwide and in India. The vivax malarial infection is associated with various haematological and biochemical abnormalities, anaemia and thrombocytopenia among the frequently identified abnormal parameters. However vivax malaria is also associated with abnormal lipid levels including low cholesterol levels and normal to high serum triglyceride levels.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational study including 100 inpatients admitted to Medical College Hospital over a period of 18 months diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relevant data was collected and analysed.Results: Vivax malaria infection was found to be more common among males (80%) and during third decade of life (51%). HDL Cholesterol was decreased in all cases, LDL Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol was also decreased in nearly all patients with only 1% cases having values above normal range. Serum Triglycerides was elevated more than 150 mg/dl in 69% cases with 25% cases having values above 200mg/dl. The hypocholestrolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were directly proportional to the thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated serum creatinine levels and parasite load.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the presence of altered serum lipid levels in the form of hypocholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria mono infection. This study also shows that the above lipid alterations were found to be deranged to greater extent in clinically, haematologically and biochemically severe form of infections.

Effects of Exercise and Diet Intervention on Serum Lipid Level in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Effects of Exercise and Diet Intervention on Serum Lipid Level in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Physical Activity and Body Composition Are Associated With Severity and Risk of Depression, and Serum Lipids.

BackgroundPhysical activity and a healthy body composition are said to reduce the risk of major depressive disorder. Nonetheless, deeper insight is needed into which specific forms of physical activity (and their relation to body composition) are effective in improving and preventing depressive symptoms.MethodsWe compared different self-reported physical activities of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and body composition measures between patients with a current major depressive episode (MDE; N = 130) and healthy control subjects (N = 61). These parameters were also tested for correlations with depression severity and serum lipid levels in patients and controls.ResultsPatients with a current MDE reported significantly fewer hours spent on total physical activity, walking or bicycling for travel, and vigorous-intensity activities at leisure than healthy control subjects. More time spent on vigorous-intensity activities at work, less time spent on walking or bicycling for travel, higher body fat mass, and lower body muscle mass correlated significantly with stronger depression severity. Physical activity and body measures correlated significantly with serum lipid levels.LimitationsSelf-reports of physical activity, only short-term follow-up of 20 days, cross-sectional study design without examination of causal role of exercise.ConclusionsMore time spent on traveling by foot or by bike is especially associated with a lower risk of and milder depression. These results highlight the differential role of physical activity in depression.

Does systemic inflammation play a role in patients with pterygium?

To compare parameters of systemic inflammation and serum lipid levels in patients with pterygium versus healthy individuals. Thirty-five patients with pterygium and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as two respective groups in a retrospective study. The participants' complete blood count (CBC) parameters and levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) were obtained from digital records and compared. Their neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, and monocyte/HDL ratios were calculated and compared as well. As secondary outcomes, longitudinal length (LL), basal length (BL), and total area (TA) of pterygium among the patients were quantitatively measured by using ImageJ software. Correlations between serum parameters and pterygium measurements were analyzed. Although between-group differences in CBC parameters and the ratios were not statistically significant, HDL levels were significantly lower (p = 0.014) and TG levels significantly higher (p = 0.031) among patients with pterygium than among the controls. A positive correlation was detected between the patient's age and the pterygium's BL (p = 0.002, r = 0.516), LL (p = 0.00, r = 0.547), and TA (p = 0.00, r = 0.515). Neutrophil levels negatively correlated with LL (p = 0.025, β = - 0.308) and TA (p = 0.002, β = - 0.420). Local instead of systemic inflammation should be considered in the management of pterygium. Besides, decreased HDL levels may indicate systemic oxidative stress in patients with the condition.