Serum Levels Of Mg Research Articles

Oxyphenbutazone ameliorates carfilzomib induced cardiotoxicity in rats via inhibition of oxidative free radical burst and NF-κB/IκB-α pathway

Carfilzomib (CFZ), a chemotherapeutic agent used for multiple myeloma treatments reported to cause high incidence of cardiac events either new onset and/or exacerbate formerly diagnosed heart failure with ventricular and myocardial dysfunction.Purpose: Current research designed to explore and examine the preventive effect of oxyphenbutazone in the CFZ -instigated cardiotoxicity. Methodology: Female Wistar Rats weighing 200–250 g selected randomly and grouped as follows: Group 1 designated as the Normal control and receive normal saline only. Group 2 served toxic control and exposed to CFZ (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]). Group 3 & 4 served as treatment groups and administered with CFZ concomitantly orally fed with oxyphenbutazone at doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg/three times a week, respectively. The total duration of experimental protocol was of 21 days. After completion of the experiments animals subjected to blood collection using light ether anesthesia and serum was separated for biochemical analysis further. The serum levels of Mg+2, Ca+2 and cardiac enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels were estimated. Later animals sacrificed and heart tissue isolated for further examinations. Intracellular proteins NFkB and IkBα were estimated by western blot. Results: The serum analysis revealed that CFZ administration significantly elevated the levels of LDH, CK and CKMB in CFZ exposed animals when compared to normal animals while administration of oxyphenbutazone significantly reduced these biochemical changes, Intracellular antioxidant enzymes and NF-kB in treatment groups as compared to disease control animals. Conclusion: Findings of the research protocol suggests significant injuries to cardiac tissues when animals exposed to CFZ and Oxyphenbutazone protected the cardiac tissues.

Multiple metal exposure and metabolic syndrome in elderly individuals: A case-control study in an active mining district, Northwest China

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, particularly among elderly individuals. Exposure to various metals has been linked to the development of MetS. However, limited studies have focused attention on the elderly population living in active mining districts. Participants with MetS (N = 292) were matched for age (±2 years old) and sex with a healthy subject (N = 292). We measured the serum levels of 14 metals in older people aged 65–85 years. Conditional logistic regression, restricted cubic spline model, multiple linear regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were applied to estimate potential associations between multiple metals and the risk of MetS. Serum levels of Sb and Fe were significantly higher than the controls (0.58 μg/L vs 0.46 μg/L, 2167 μg/L vs 2042 μg/L, p < 0.05), while Mg was significantly lower (20035 μg/L vs 20,394 μg/L, p < 0.05). An increased risk of MetS was associated with higher serum Sb levels (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.61 for the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile, 95% CI = 1.08–2.40, p-trend = 0.018) and serum Fe levels (adjusted OR = 1.55 for the highest tertile, 95% CI = 1.04–2.33, p-trend = 0.032). Higher Mg levels in serum may have potential protective effects on the development of MetS (adjusted OR = 0.61 for the highest tertile, 95% CI = 0.41–0.91, p-trend = 0.013). A joint exposure analysis by the BKMR model revealed that the mixture of 12 metals (except Tl and Cd) was associated with increased risk of MetS. Our results indicated that exposure to Sb and Fe might increase the risk of MetS in an elderly population living in mining-intensive areas. Further work is needed to confirm the protective effect of Mg on MetS.

A comparative study of serum magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without complications in South India

Background: The diabetic state can alter certain micronutrients in the body especially Magnesium (Mg), which, in turn, has a role in modulating glucose homeostasis. Various studies in different populations have consistently reported low serum levels of serum Mg in type 2 diabetic patients and among them, serum Mg levels were lowest in diabetes with complications. In this study, an attempt is made to study that the relationship between serum Mg and type 2 diabetes in our population as preventing the progression of diabetic complications is a multidisciplinary approach, where each and every potential cause must be identified and treated at the earliest. To compare serum Mg levels among type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic complications, without diabetic complications and control groups. Aim and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (i) To compare serum Mg levels among type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic complications, without diabetic complications and control groups and (ii) to find out the correlation between serum Mg and various parameters like fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient clinic of internal medicine department in a tertiary care hospital of South India for a period of 1 year. The study was conducted in the age group of 40–65 years who were divided into three groups. Data were obtained with the help of appropriate laboratory investigations. Serum Mg levels were assessed by xylidyl blue method. Results: Mean serum Mg levels were found to be lower in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Among the diabetic individuals, serum Mg levels were lowest among diabetic patients with complications. The difference in mean value of serum Mg among the groups was statistically significant P &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: Serum Mg levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients which reflect that serum Mg levels can be used as an indicator for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Evaluation among trace elements, clinical parameters and type 1 diabetes according to sex: A new sight of auxiliary prediction in negative insulin auto-antibodies population

BackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibited sex-specific metabolic status including oxidative stress with dynamic change of trace elements, which emphasized the importance of the evaluation of trace elements according to sex. Besides, the most significant characteristic, insulin auto-antibodies, could not be found in all T1D patients, which needed the auxiliary prediction of clinical parameters. And it would benefit the early detection and treatment if some high-risk groups of T1D could predict and prevent the occurrence of disease through common clinical parameters. Hence, there was an urgent need to construct more effective and scientific statistical prediction models to serve clinic better. This study aimed to evaluate the sex-specific levels of trace elements and the relationship between trace elements and clinical parameters in T1D, and construct sex-specific auxiliary prediction model combined with trace elements and clinical parameters. MethodsA total of 105 T1D patients with negative insulin auto-antibodies and 105 age/sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in First Hospital of Jilin University. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was performed for the measurement of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in the serum, and the data of clinical parameters were received from medical record system. The lambda-mu-sigma method was used to evaluate the relationship between abnormal clinical parameters and trace elements. Training set and validation set were divided for the construction of predictable models in males and females: clinical parameters model, trace element model and the combined model (clinical parameters and trace elements). Goodness fit test, decision curve analysis and other related statistical methods were used to perform data analysis. ResultsLower levels of Mg, Ca, Fe in the serum were found in T1D population in females compared with healthy population, while levels of Fe, Zn and Cu of serum in T1D individuals were higher than those of healthy population in males. Levels of serum Mg, Fe and Cu in T1D group were found with significant sex difference for (P < 0.05), and the levels of Fe and Cu in serum of males were higher than those of females, level of serum Mg in males was lower than those of females. Levels of serum Mg and Zn showed fluctuation trend with increased numbers of abnormal clinical parameters (NACP) in males. Serum Zn in females showed consistent elevated trend with NACP; serum Se increased first and then decreased with NACP in males and females. The auxiliary prediction model (Triglyceride, Total protein, serum Mg) was found with the highest predicted efficiency in males (AUC=0.993), while the model in females (Apolipoprotein A, Creatinine, Fe, Se, Zn/Cu ratio) showed the best predicted efficiency (AUC=0.951). The models had passed the verification in validation set, and Chi-square goodness-of-fit test, DCA results both confirmed their satisfactory clinical applicability. ConclusionSex-specific difference were found in serum Mg, Fe and Cu in T1D. The combination of triglyceride, total protein and serum Mg for males, and apolipoprotein A, creatinine, Fe, Se, Zn/Cu ratio for females could effectively predict T1D in patients with negative anti-bodies, which would provide alarm for the population with high-risk of T1D and serve the T1D prediction in patients with negative anti-bodies.

CT-008 Relationship Between LDH and Mg in Monitoring of Hematological Malignant Diseases

Magnesium plays a key role in regulating many cellular functions and enzymes, including ion channels, metabolic cycles, and signaling pathways. The objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and magnesium (Mg) in patients diagnosed with hematological malignant diseases. We analyzed a cohort of patients (n=75) comprising men (n=36) and women (n=39), every group with a mean age of 57 years, who had blood cancer and were admitted to the oncology department in a 3-month period. We performed hematological and biochemical tests and determined LDH and serum Mg levels, which can serve as markers for monitoring the progression of malignancies. The complete blood count with differential count and biochemistry samples were used for the patients to establish the types of blood cancer diseases. An initial panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the immune phenotypes of the subgroups of differentiated T cells and B cells by flow cytometry. Among the patients, 43 were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 14 were diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia, and 18 were diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The biochemical parameters were measured by running a Vitros 250 dry chemistry analyzer (Johnson & Johnson, USA) using the slides for multi-layer spectrophotometry measurements. Normal levels of Mg with moderately increased LDH levels were observed in all patients who had cancer in the regression phase following good responses to a specific cancer therapy. In this study, 12 patients (16%) displayed high levels of serum Mg (range=2.6-3.27 mg/dL; mean value=2.89 mg/dL). The levels of serum LDH were also evaluated in patients newly diagnosed with cancer and in patients with unfavorable responses to the cancer therapy (range=240-1,330 U/L; mean value=787 U/L; SD=1.33; P=0.002). The total serum levels of LDH and Mg can be used as markers for monitoring treatment responses in patients with neoplasm with or without metastasis.

Serum Magnesium Levels During the Ictal and Interictal Phase in Patients of Migraine

Migraine is one of the primary headaches having a global prevalence of 15%. It is characterized by neurovascular dysfunction and recurrent episodes of headache. The hyperexcitability of the cerebral cortex has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of migraine, and magnesium (Mg) being a regulator of neuronal excitability is thought to participate in migraine pathogenesis. To determine the serum levels of Mg in patients of migraine during the attack and in between attacks as compared to healthy controls. A total of 50 patients of migraine who fulfilled inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study along with the same number of healthy controls. International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, 2013 (ICHD-III) criteria was used for the diagnosis of migraine. The mean serum Mg in migraine cases during the interictal phase was lower than healthy controls (1.849 ± 0.135 vs 2.090 ± 0.205, P < 0.001), which was statistically significant. It was also found that mean serum Mg during attacks was significantly lower than in between attacks (1.822 ± 0.149 vs 1.849 ± 0.135, P = 0.003). Serum Mg levels in migraine cases showed an inverse linear relationship with the frequency of attacks. Relatively low serum Mg in migraine cases when compared with healthy controls and inverse relation of serum Mg levels with the frequency of migraine attacks suggests that Mg is significantly involved in mechanisms underlying migraine pathogenesis, which can be explored as a therapeutic option.

Relationship of heart rate variability with serum zinc and magnesium in female rheumatoid arthritis patients

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting multiple small symmetrical joints with extra-articular involvement. Altered blood mineral status is associated with the immune-inflammatory rheumatoid process. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of sudden cardiac death in RA patients. So, the role of minerals for altered HRV needs investigation in RA. Objectives: To assess the relationship between HRV and serum zinc (Zn), magnesium and (Mg) levels in RA patients. Methods: This cross sectional study enrolled 60 female participants of 30-50 years of age. Among them 30 female RA patients were included in the study group and 30 age matched apparently healthy women constituted control group. Serum Zn, Mg levels were estimated by autoanalyzer and frequency domain parameters of HRV were recorded by a data acquisition device, Powerlab 8/35, AD Instruments, Australia followed by analysis with software, Lab chart. Statistical analyses were done by independent sample ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Results: In this study, among frequency domain parameters of HRV, total power (TP), low frequency power(LF), high frequency power(HF), HF normalized unit(HF nu) were significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) and LF normalized unit (LF nu), LF/HF ratio were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in RA patients. In addition, significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower levels of serum Zn and Mg were found in RA patients as compared to controls. But on correlation analysis, the HF nu showed significant positive correlation and LF nu and LF/HF ratio demonstrated significant negative correlation (p&lt;0.05) with serum Mg only. Conclusion: Results of the present study revealed that low levels of serum Mg was correlated with reduced HRV in patients with RA. Moreover, low serum Mg was related to parasympathetic hypo and sympathetic hyperactivity as well as altered sympathovagal balance in RA. J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 111-117

Relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and hypomagnesemia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the long-term use of PPI and hypomagnesemia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods:This case control study was conducted on GERD patients with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor and patients with no history of gastroesophageal reflux and proton pump inhibitor referring to gastrointestinal clinic in 2019. Then concentration of serum magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to protocol. Other data were extracted from medical records. Statistical tests such as t-test, chi-square test and ONE WAY ANOVA were used for analysis of data.Results:In the current study, 263 patients were classified into two groups (case: 132, control: 131). The mean level of potassium in case and control groups was 3.92±0.64 and 4.20±0.43, respectively (P=0.001). Moreover, the mean level of Mg in two groups was 2.03±0.36 and 2.09±0.52, respectively (P=0.24). In addition, significant difference was seen between serum level of K, regarding the type of proton pump inhibitor and duration of medication use (p<0.01). However, no significant difference was seen between serum levels of Mg, regarding the type of proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole, pantoprazole and other drugs (p>0.05).Conclusion:Based on these results, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is not associated with hypomagnesemia in GERD patients. However, long-term use of PPIs may reduce serum potassium levels in these patients. Therefore, periodic evaluation of serum Mg level in PPI-treated patients seems to be unnecessary.

Assessment of the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on the concentration of selected trace elements in type 2 diabetic patients

Metformin and glibenclamide may have beneficial effects on the levels of trace elements in diabetic patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metformin-treated patients showed significantly lower serum Cu levels compared with the untreated and glibenclamide groups. In addition, treatment with metformin was associated with a significant increase in serum concentrations of Zn compared to the newly diagnosed patients, whereas it did not show a noticeable alteration in the serum level of Mg. In contrast, the glibenclamide treated group revealed significantly higher Zn and Mg levels compared with the newly diagnosed group, while the serum level of Cu was not significantly modified. In conclusion, treatment with metformin led to a reduction in serum Cu and an increase in serum Zn concentrations, whereas glibenclamide treatment displayed enhancement in serum Zn and Mg levels.

Relationship between LDH and Mg in Monitoring of Hematological and Non-Hematological Malignant Diseases

Relationship between LDH and Mg in Monitoring of Hematological and Non-Hematological Malignant DiseaseAurelian Udristioiu,Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular BiologyABSTRACTBackgroundMagnesium, which is the second most abundant into-cellular cation after potassium, plays a key role in regulating many cellular functions and enzymes, including ion channels, metabolic cycles, and signaling pathways.Aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and magnesium (Mg) in patients diagnosed with hematological and non-hematological malignant diseases.MethodWe analyzed a cohort of patients (n = 75) comprising males (n = 36) and females (n =39) with a mean age of 57 years, who had cancer and were admitted to the oncology department. The biochemical parameters were measured running a Vitros 250 dry chemistry analyzer (Johnson & Johnson, USA) using the slides for multi-layer spectro-photometry measurements.These patients were closely monitored twice a week during treatment with specific cytostatic drugs and once a week during consolidation therapy, using specific tests for different types of cancer. In addition, with the cooperation of physicians and patients, they were performed along with hematological and biochemical tests, CBC with differential count and LDH and serum Mg levels, which can serve as markers for monitoring the progression of malignancies.Among the patients, 5 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, 11 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer, 14 patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 43 patients were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 1 patient was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (LAM-3) and 1 patient was diagnosed with chronic monocytic leukemia (CML).The CBC with the differential count, biochemistry samples, body radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) were used for the patient to establish the type of cancer diseases. An initial panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the immune phenotypes of the subgroups of differentiated T cells and B cells. The diagnosis of LAM-3 was made based on blood smears, the examination of bone marrow (BM) aspirates, the evaluation of promyelocytes, (greater than 30% in BM), and the presence of a specific immune phenotype.ResultsThe results were interpreted for each patient based on medical history, clinical and para-clinical examinations and other signs of malignant diseases. Among the patients in this study, 55 patients (73%) exhibited normal serum levels of Mg (normal range value = 1.60-2.3 mg/dL; mean value = 2.2 mg/dL; SD = 0.2; p = 0.02) following cancer therapy. Six patients (8%) exhibited low levels of Mg (range = 0.60-1.50 mg/dL; mean value = 1.05 mg/dL). However, 12 patients (16%) displayed high levels of serum Mg (range =2.6-3.27 mg/dL; mean value = 2.89 mg/dL). The levels of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were also evaluated in patients newly diagnosed with cancer and in patients with unfavorable responses to the cancer therapy (range = 240-1330 U/L; mean value = 787 U/L; SD =1.33; p = 0.002; normal values 135-225 U/L), (Table 1).DiscussionsThe serum Mg level is increased via Mg²+ release from malignant tissues in patients with malignant disease prior to treatment with cytostatic drugs. In the different malignant diseases, the serum Mg values were high, normal or low, independent of the serum LDH values. The LDH levels remained elevated after initial cytostatic treatment until cancer remission.The number of chromosome copies in malignant tumors can be correlated with the total serum LDH values. LDH levels in cancer patients are elevated due to high levels of LDH-3 isoenzyme in patients with malignancies and high levels of LDH-4 and LDH-5 isoenzymes, elevated patients with cancer of liver, muscle, lung and tissue tissues. conjunctive. High concentrations of serum LDH damage the cell membrane. Thereafter, malignant cells become invasive and metastasizes.ConclusionsNormal levels of Mg with moderately increased LDH levels were observed in all patients who had cancer that was in the regression phase following good responses to a specific cancer therapy. Low levels of Mg with high levels of serum LDH were observed in all patients with poor prognosis and metastases. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Low serum magnesium concentration is associated with the presence of viable hepatocellular carcinoma tissue in cirrhotic patients

This study aimed to ascertain, for the first time, whether serum magnesium (Mg) concentration is affected by the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrospectively enrolled consecutive cirrhotic patients with a diagnosis of HCC (n = 130) or without subsequent evidence of HCC during surveillance (n = 161). Serum levels of Mg were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in patients with HCC than in those without (median [interquartile range]: 1.80 [1.62–1.90] mg/dl vs. 1.90 [1.72–2.08] mg/dl). On multivariate logistic regression, low serum Mg was associated with the presence of HCC (OR 0.047, 95% CI 0.015–0.164; P < 0.0001), independently from factors that can influence magnesaemia and HCC development. In a subset of 94 patients with HCC, a linear mixed effects model adjusted for confounders showed that serum Mg at diagnosis of HCC was lower than before diagnosis of the tumor (β = 0.117, 95% CI 0.039–0.194, P = 0.0035) and compared to after locoregional treatment of HCC (β = 0.079, 95% CI 0.010–0.149, P = 0.0259), with two thirds of patients experiencing these changes of serum Mg over time. We hypothesize that most HCCs, like other cancers, may be avid for Mg and behave like a Mg trap, disturbing the body’s Mg balance and resulting in lowering of serum Mg levels.

Serum Magnesium Level and Inflammation in Obese Medical Students at Ain Shams University

Abstract Background: Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation is a key feature of obesity because of adipose tissue inflam-mation with overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the pathophysiological links between inflammation and obesity. Detection of factors contributing to obesity are therefore fundamental strategy in obesity management. Aim of Study: To determine the relationship between the serum level of Mg, dietary intake of Mg and inflammation among a sample of Medical Ain Shams students. Subjects and Methods: The current study is a descriptive study of 60 medical students divided into two equal groups. Group 1 includes normal weight students with BMI between 18.5-24.9kg/m2 and group 2 includes obese students with BMI >!30kg/m2. Results: There was a significant increase in BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and decrease in serum Mg and dietary intake of Mg in the obese group compared to normal weight group. Moreover, BMI, WC, and WHR were positively correlated with CRP and negatively correlated with serum Mg. Serum Mg and dietary intake of Mg were negatively correlated with CRP. Conclusion: Our study may lend an additional support to the positive relationship between obesity and inflammatory status. Also, it confirms the negative relationship between obesity/inflammatory stress to Mg status in this subset of obese students as compared to normal weight students in Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.

Correlation of serum magnesium levels in febrile convulsions in children: a cross sectional comparative study

Background: Febrile convulsions is one of the most common type of seizures seen in children. It has been suggested that low serum magnesium (Mg) has occasionally been associated with epilepsy. A positive correlation of the hypomagnesemia with the severity of epilepsy was also found. The present study aimed to estimate the levels of serum magnesium in children with febrile convulsions and to compare serum magnesium levels with normal children.Methods: Fifty patients who were eligible after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study group after a signed written informed consent and 50 controls were also taken. A detailed history, clinical examination and these investigations were done – complete blood count (CBC) (Hb, DC and ESR), serum calcium, serum magnesium, serum electrolytes, random blood sugar and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.Results: The serum magnesium level was normal in 45 patients (90%) with febrile convulsions, low levels in 4 cases (8%) and high levels seen in 1 case (2%). Serum magnesium levels were normal in all 50 controls. In this study, the serum magnesium levels has got no correlation in patients with febrile convulsion. So, routine magnesium supplementation need not be prescribed in normal subjects to prevent febrile convulsions.Conclusions: Routine measurement of serum levels of Mg, glucose and calcium are warranted in subject with febrile convulsions. However, large prospective studies are further required in future to establish the correlation of serum Mg and febrile convulsions so that a standard guidelines can be set up which could be followed universally.

Serum magnesium level in asthmatic children as an indicator of asthma severity

Background Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness. Magnesium (Mg++) has been shown to relax bronchial smooth muscle and influence the function of respiratory muscles. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with diminished respiratory muscle power. Objective This study aims to assess serum Mg level in children with asthma and its correlation with the severity of asthma. Patients and methods It was a case–control study carried out at Alzahraa University Hospital on two groups of children: group 1 consisted of 60 patients with bronchial asthma, comprising 41 males and 24 females, with age ranged from 6 to 15 years, with a mean 10.8±1.6 years, and the second group (control group) consisted of 30 apparently healthy children, with age and sex matched to the diseased patients. Pulmonary function test was done for the studied children, and serum levels of Mg were measured. Results The data hence collected were systematically tabulated and analyzed with SPSS software. The descriptive statistics for the case and control group showed there was a statistically significant decrease in mean serum Mg in asthmatic patients in comparison with controls (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, there was a highly significant lower level of Mg in patients with severe persistent asthma compared with those with mild intermittent asthma and mild, moderate, and persistent asthma (P&lt;0.001), and also, there were significant (P&lt;0.001) positive correlations between serum Mg level and each of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% (r=0.712) and FEV1/forced vital capacity% (0.680) (i.e. in most cases, serum Mg level tended to decrease with the decrease in FEV1% and FEV1/forced vital capacity% ratio). Conclusion Children with bronchial asthma have a great risk of Mg deficiency, and serum Mg level has a significant relation to the severity of asthma and pulmonary function test.

The Effect of Serum Electrolyte Disturbances and Uric Acid Level on the Mortality of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of electrolyte and uric acid disturbances and their effects on mortality in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). This study included all consecutive AECOPD patients who were managed at our Chest Diseases department between May 2017 and December 2017. Medical records of all the subjects were reviewed, and data were collected retrospectively. Eighty-one patients with AECOPD and 103 subjects in the control group were enrolled retrospectively. The association between the COPD and control groups and biochemical parameters in patients with and without long-term oxygen therapy and noninvasive mechanical ventilation treatment in COPD patients were compared with mortality. Serum magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and calcium (Ca levels were higher in control subjects than in COPD patients (p=0.006, p=0.015, and p<0.001, respectively). While serum levels of Ca and K were significantly lower and serum level of uric acid was higher in deceased COPD patients than in alive AECOPD patients (p=0.023, p=0.001, and p=0.033, respectively), serum levels of Mg, P, and other biochemical parameters were similar. Serum Ca, K, and uric acid levels during the exacerbation period were significant predictors of mortality in COPD patients. In conclusion, the levels of these parameters should be measured and corrected during AECOPD treatment to decrease mortality.

Inter-Relationship between some Trace Elements during Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight in Dromedary Camels

The current study aimed to determine the changes in concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) in pregnant camels during different durations of pregnancy and to examine the relationship between these trace elements and calf birth weights. Serum samples were collected from 30 apparently healthy pregnant dromedary camels in Daraw Village, Aswan Governorate, Egypt, during the initial (2- 5th month), middle (6-9th month), and late (from 10th month to parturition) pregnancy. Serum levels of selected minerals were evaluated by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentrations of Fe, Mg, and Se varied significantly (P-value 0.05). Blood Fe has significant associations with Zn (r = 0.65, P-value= 0. 0001), Cu (r = 0.26, P-value = 0. 01), Mg (r = 0.52, P-value = 0. 0001), and Se (r = 0.57, P-value= 0. 0001). Moreover, Zn serum concentrations have significant relationships with Mg (r = 0.25, P-value = 0.01), Se (r = 0.53, P-value= 0.0001), Mn (r = 0.23, P -value= 0.02). There was significant associations between serum levels of Mg and Se (r = 0.31, P-value = 0.003). Also, Cu serum concentrations revealed significant correspondences with Mg (r = 0.24, P-value = 0.02) and Se (r = 0.37, P-value = 0. 0004). In conclusion, the concentrations of serum trace elements changed during gestation. Evaluation of serum levels of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Se, and Mn in pregnant dromedary she-camel in addition to many factors, acting additively or synergistically, can affect birth weight.

Protective Effects of Spermidine Against Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a critical factor that causes morbidity and mortality in crucial conditions such as liver transplantation. In animal model, the common pathophysiologic mechanisms of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy are similar to those associated with bile duct ligation (BDL). Overproduction of inflammatory and oxidant markers plays a crucial role in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Spermidine, a multifunctional polyamine, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of spermidine on development of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in BDL rats. Rats were randomly housed in 6 groups. Except the normal and sham groups, BDL was performed for all the control and spermidine groups. Seven days after operation, 3 different doses of spermidine (5, 10 and 50 mg/kg) were administrated until day 28, in spermidine groups. At the end of the fourth week, the electrocardiography (ECG) and papillary muscle isolation were performed. The serum level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-10 and cardiac level of superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH). and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed. Furthermore, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression was assessed by western blot. Cardiac histopathological changes were monitored. The serum levels of magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were investigated. Control group, exhibited exaggerated signs of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in comparison with the sham group. Co-administration of spermidine at the dose of 10 mg/kg in BDL rats significantly improved the cardiac condition, reduced the inflammatory mediators, and increased antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the histopathologic findings were in accordance with the other results of the study. Besides, there was no significant alteration in serum levels of Mg and K. This study demonstrates that spermidine at the dose of 10 mg/kg significantly improved the cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in BDL model in rats.

The levels of serum Mg, NO, and IMA in chronic kidney disease

The levels of serum Mg, NO, and IMA in chronic kidney disease

Relation between magnesium and calcium and parameters of pain, quality of life and depression in women with fibromyalgia

ObjectiveDetermine food intake and levels of serum magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) and correlate these minerals with pain, quality of life and depression risk in women with and without fibromyalgia (FM).Patients and methodsFifty-three women diagnosed with FM and 50 healthy women participated in the study, where all of them had equivalent age and body mass index (BMI). All women underwent anthropometric assessment, physical exams of pain perception threshold and tender point (TP) count, blood sample collection, and filling out of FM impact questionnaire (FIQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and 3-day dietary record (DR).ResultsDietary intake of Mg and Ca was substantially lower by women with FM. There were no differences in levels of serum Mg and Ca in the groups under analysis. For the FM group, dietary intake of Mg and Ca had inverse correlation with TP and direct relation with the pain threshold.ConclusionsAlthough women with FM had lower dietary intake of Mg and Ca, serum levels for these nutrients were not different between the groups. Low dietary intake of minerals correlated with worsened pain threshold parameters.

Estimation of Serum Magnesium level among Patients with Bronchial Asthma in Erbil -Iraq

Background:Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Although magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been shown to play a role in exacerbation of asthma, the exact prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in asthma is not clear. Objective: To estimate the serum Mg levels in bronchial asthma patients and compare them with healthy population and to evaluate the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia among them. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the respiratory unit of Rizgary Teaching Hospital involving 80 adult patients with chronic asthma (group I) and 80 healthy adult controls (group II). Serum magnesium level was measured in all the participants. Results: Hypomagnesaemia was detected in 20% of the asthmatic patients when compared to controls (0%) (p=0.001). No significant association was detected between magnesium status and type of asthma (p= 0.59). There was a statistically significant stage-wise decline in serum levels of Mg with increase in severity of asthma (p=0.02). Patients with severe asthma had the highest prevalence of hypomagnesaemia (45.5%) in comparison to mild and moderate cases (p=0.001). No significant associations were detected between the level of magnesium and the number of medications that the patients used, corticosteroids use, and theophylline therapy (p=0.06, 0.17, and 0.08, respectively). Hypomagnesaemia was significantly correlated with the duration of asthma (p=0.04). Conclusion: Hypomagnesaemia is more prevalent in chronic asthmatics than non-asthmatics. Hypomagnesaemia was significantly correlated with severity and duration of asthma.