Serum High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Dyslipidemia, body mass index, and blood glucose levels in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction

Background Systemic dyslipidemia, obesity, and elevated blood sugars may theoretically affect the meibomian lipid composition and therefore, can cause meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum lipid levels, body mass index (BMI), and serum blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with MGD compared with healthy controls. Patients and methods This is a comparative observational case-control study that enrolled 40 MGD patients (cases) and 40 controls. One eye of each participant was included in the study. After a detailed history, ocular examination was done by slit lamp biomicroscopy to grade/stage the MGD. The BMI, serum fasting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and BG levels were measured. Results The mean age of the cases was 46.75±10.93 years compared with 45.55±10.62 years in controls (P=0.620). Patients with MGD showed significantly higher serum fasting cholesterol (188.62±62.24 mg/dl),;Deg;BM;Deg;I (24.45±1.75 kg/m2), and fasting BG (110.35±32.30 mg/dl) compared with the controls (159.60±20.19 mg/dl, 23.45±1.35 kg/m2, and 98.43±27.69 mg/dl, respectively, P=0.022, 0.005, and 0.030, respectively). With increasing severity of MGD, the fasting serum cholesterol increased significantly from 136.73±24.88 mg/dl in grade 1 to 285.20±85.99 mg/dl in grade 4 (P<0.001) and the fasting serum LDL levels increased from 72.64±20.33 mg/dl in grade 1 to 202.60±95.66 mg/dl in grade 4 (P<0.001). In addition, the fasting serum triglycerides increased significantly as the severity of MGD increased from grade I (96.00±22.56 mg/dl) to grade III (227.09±83.44 mg/dl), (P<0.001). However, The fasting HDL and BG values did not increase significantly with increasing severity of the MGD (P=0.135 and 0.181, respectively). Conclusion There is importance for screening for dyslipidemia, BMI, and BG levels in MGD cases.

Anti-gouty arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin nanoparticles in monosodium urate crystals induced Balb/C mice.

Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by the accumulation of urate crystals in the synovial joints. These crystal depositions result in joint swelling and increased concentration of serum uric acid in blood. The commercially available drugs lower serum uric acid levels and reduce inflammation, but these standard therapies have many side effects.This study aimed to investigate anti-gout and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs). For this purpose, CNPs were prepared by dissolving curcumin into dichloromethane. Then, gout was induced by injecting monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the ankle joint and in the intra-peritoneal cavity which caused ankle swelling and increased blood uric acid levels. CNPs in different concentrations (5, 10, and 20ppm) and allopurinol were orally administered. The MSU crystals increased the xanthine oxidase levels both in serum and the liver. Moreover, MSU crystals increased the serum levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, liver function tests markers, renal function tests markers, and lipid profiles. However, the administration of CNPs decreased the levels of all these variables. CNPs increased the serum high-density lipoprotein and interleukin-10 levels. Moreover, CNPs also reduced ankle swelling significantly. Hence, the levels ofxanthine oxidase, uric acid and ankle swelling were reduced significantly by oral administration of CNPs. Our findingsindicate that CNPs through their anti-inflammatory properties significantly alleviate gouty arthritis. Thus, the study concluded that CNPs can be developed as an efficient anti-gout agent with minimal side effects.

Platycodin D Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice via Regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of platycodin D (PD) on cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential molecular mechanisms of action in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods: An animal model of cognitive impairment in T2DM was established using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) after 8 weeks of feeding a high-fat diet to C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were employed to analyze the effects of PD on glucose-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22). Results: PD (2.5 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks significantly suppressed the rise in fasting blood glucose in T2DM mice, improved insulin secretion deficiency, and reversed abnormalities in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels. Meanwhile, PD ameliorated choline dysfunction in T2DM mice and inhibited the production of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related proteins of the caspase family. Notably, PD dose-dependently prevents the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, promotes phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (Akt) in vitro, activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) expression at the Ser9 site, and inhibits Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Conclusions: These findings clearly indicated that PD could alleviate the neurological damage caused by T2DM, and the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 may be the key to its effect.

Lipid parameters and depression in patients with chronic tinnitus: A cross-sectional observation

BackgroundPathophysiological theories assume importance of metabolic abnormalities in patients with major depression - and possibly chronic tinnitus. Although chronic tinnitus frequently correlates with depression, links between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and depression are uninvestigated. MethodsTwo-hundred patients with chronic tinnitus (Mage = 55; 51% female) were examined. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), non-HDL, as well as LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios were analysed. Questionnaires included depression subscales of the ICD-10 Symptom Rating, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS_D), and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF). Multivariate analyses of covariance and linear regression models - which controlled age, tinnitus-related distress and perceived stress - investigated between-subgroup differences (p < 0.05) and linear associations between HDL indices and depression (p < 0.01). ResultsHDL levels did not differ for tinnitus-symptom durations, smoking and alcohol use levels, statin or antihypertensive drug use, and body-mass indices. Relative to non-to-mildly depressed patients with chronic tinnitus, patients with moderate-to-severe depression (n = 45; 23%) had significantly lower HDL levels (d = −0.35) and higher LDL/HDL (d = 0.39) and TC/HDL ratios (d = 0.40). Across participants, HDL-levels were negatively associated with depression as measured by the HADS_D and BSF_indifference scales. ConclusionsIn keeping with general depression research, low serum HDL levels correlate with depressive symptomatology in patients with chronic tinnitus. This association may be influenced by proximal (e.g. modulations of HPA-axis activity) or distal factors (e.g. maladaptive coping behaviours) – both of which should be conceptualized within psychological stimulus-processing frameworks.

Effects of probiotic Enterococcus faecium and raw, fermented and sprouted pearl millet based diets on performances, carcass traits, hematological and biochemical indices of broiler chickens

Probiotics, recognized as a safe substitute for antibiotics in the animal industry, have been acknowledged for their growth-enhancing properties. This study assessed the impact of Enterococcus faecium strain NCIMB 11181 and diets incorporating Raw, Sprouted, and Fermented pearl millet on the performance, carcass traits, organ weights, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In a randomized design, 120 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were assigned to five groups: 1) No supplement, negative control (N-con); 2) Control + antibiotics, positive control (P-con); 3) Raw pearl millet + probiotics in drinking water (RPM + PRO); 4) Sprouted pearl millet + probiotics in drinking water (SPM+PRO); 5) Fermented pearl millet + probiotics in drinking water (FPM + PRO). Probiotic supplementation did not significantly impact body weight gain (BWG) but influenced feed intake (FI) (P&lt;0.05). FPM+PRO increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), thigh yield, and drumstick yield. Thymus weight is reduced in the RPM+PRO and SPM+PRO groups compared to the control groups. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased (P&lt;0.01) in the P-con and FPM+PRO groups. No treatment effect (P&gt;0.05) was observed on hematological indices. Overall, pearl millet diets supplemented with probiotics demonstrated no adverse effects on the health status of broiler chickens, suggesting their potential as viable alternatives to antibiotics.

Association of Christian Orthodox Fasting with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors and Serum Biochemical Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study on Patients with Metabolic Diseases.

Christian Orthodox fasting, a type of time-restricted diet, which presents some similarities to the Mediterranean Diet, also including certain similarities with periodic vegetarianism or other time-restricted diets (e.g., intermittent diet and Ramadan fasting), may cumulatively be related to the same or even better beneficial healthy effects as these well-recognized dietary patterns. The present study aimed to explore the potential beneficial impact of Christian Orthodox fasting in patients with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, excessive obesity, hypothyroidism and osteoporosis. This was a cross-sectional study, including 135 patients with metabolic disorders (67 fasters and 68 non-fasters). The enrolled fasters had adapted Christian Orthodox fasting recommendations for at least twelve consecutive years or even from childhood. Relevant questionnaires were used to record sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data of the study population through face-to-face interviews between the enrolled individuals and qualified personnel during a non-fasting period. Christian Orthodox fasting patients showed a significantly and independently lower prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, which is highly associated with cardiometabolic disease risks, as well as a significantly and independently lower incidence of hypertension, including separately lower systolic and diastolic pressure, than non-fasting patients. Fasters also had a significantly and independently increased prevalence of an advanced educational level and no smoking history, as well as a lower incidence of sedentary behavior, and a trend of a correlation with reduced c-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of inflammation, compared to non-fasters. Fasters also exhibited higher serum albumin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as lower glucose levels, than non-fasters. This is one of the few cross-sectional studies demonstrating that Christian Orthodox fasting may promote metabolic health by improving several aspects of metabolic disorders, being associated with specific sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors. Further studies conducted on larger sample sizes from different countries and different ethnicities that include Christian Orthodox fasters are recommended to evaluate the impact of long-term religious fasting effects on human health, either as a preventative factor reducing the risk of chronic diseases and especially cardiometabolic disorders or as a nutritional intervention to ameliorate symptom severity.

The correlation between serum total bile acid and alanine aminotransferase of pregnant women and the disorders of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia-related amino acid metabolism

BackgroundTo explore the association between liver metabolism-related indicators in maternal serum and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB), and further investigate the predictive value of these indicators in NHB-related amino acid metabolism disorders.Methods51 NHB and 182 No-NHB newborns and their mothers who treated in the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from 2018 to 2022 were participated in the study. The differences in clinical data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal serum indicators and the occurrence of NHB. The correlation analysis and risk factor assessment of maternal serum indicators with NHB-related amino acid metabolic disorders were performed using Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsCompared to the non NHB group, the NHB group had higher maternal serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST, and total bile acid (TBA), while lower levels of serum albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The levels of alanine (ALA), valine (VAL), ornithine (ORN), and proline (PRO) in the newborns were reduced in NHB group, while arginine (ARG) showed a tendency to be elevated. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal ALT, AST, ALT/AST, and TBA levels were all at higher risk with the development of NHB, whereas ALB, TC, and HDL levels were negatively associated with NHB development. Increasing maternal TBA level was associated with lower ALA (r=-0.167, p = 0.011), VAL (r=-0.214, p = 0.001), ORN (r=-0.196, p = 0.003), and PRO in the newborns (r=-0.131, p = 0.045). Maternal ALT level was negatively associated with ALA (r=-0.135, p = 0.039), VAL (r=-0.177, p = 0.007), ORN (r=-0.257, p < 0.001), while ALT/AST was positively correlated with ARG (r = 0.133, p = 0.013). After adjustment for confounding factors, maternal serum TBA and ALT were the independent risk factor for neonatal ORN metabolic disorders [(adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.379, 95%CI = 0.188–0.762, p = 0.006), (AOR = 0.441, 95%CI = 0.211–0.922, p = 0.030)]. Maternal ALT level was an independent risk factor for neonatal VAL metabolic disorders (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI = 0.218–0.949, p = 0.036).ConclusionsThe levels of high TBA, ALT, AST, and low HDL, TC of maternal were associated with the risk of NHB. Maternal TBA and ALT levels were independent risk factors for NHB-related amino acid disturbances which have value as predictive makers.

Effect of selenium nanoparticle on lipid profile in local Awassi male lambs

Background: This research describes the methodology used for the preparation of selenium nanoparticles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their administration to lambs for lipid profile checking, administration of selenium nanoparticles as a medication in lambs results in hypolipidemia. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the potential of selenium nanoparticles in improving lipid profiles in lambs. Methods: Healthy lambs (n=10) of similar age and weight were selected for the study. The animals were housed in individual pens with free access to water and a standard diet. The lambs were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n=5) and the treatment group (n=5). The control group received a standard diet, while the treatment group received the same diet and oral administrated with selenium nanoparticles at 0.1 mg/kg body weight. The administration was carried out daily for a period of 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each lamb at the beginning of the study (baseline) and at the end of the 2 weeks treatment period. The samples were collected in vacutainer tubes and allowed to clot. Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and stored at -80°C for estimation of lipid Profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). The serum samples were used for the estimation of lipid profile levels using an enzymatic colorimetric method. The absorbance was measured at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL levels after selenium nanoparticle supplementation compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05), the results indicated a significant increase in serum HDL levels after selenium nanoparticle supplementation compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). This indicates that selenium nanoparticle supplementation has a beneficial effect on reducing total cholesterol levels in lambs. Conclusion: The conclusion section will summarize the findings of the study and highlight the potential of selenium nanoparticles in improving lipid profiles in lambs. The implications of the study for animal nutrition and health will be discussed, along with the need for further research in this area.

Impact of Mucuna pruriens seed on lipid profiles in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Background: Mucuna pruriens (MP) is a tropical legume, widely used in the treatment of parkinsonism, erectile dysfunction, anti-venomous, and anti-diabetic properties. It contains multiple phytonutrients and is rich in soluble fibers and proteins and is used as a drug of choice in traditional medicine for different ailments. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the hypolipidemic activity of alcoholic extract MP seeds in Type 2 diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, by assessing lipid profile of rats in comparison with rats treated with a standard anti-diabetic drug. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Wistar rat pups were made diabetic by injecting intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, animals with diabetic and dyslipidemia were selected and divided into three groups diabetic control, test drug group (fed with MP alcoholic extract 200 mg/kg), and standard drug group (fed with glibenclamide 0.1 mg/kg), and 18 rats of same age were kept for normal control group. Results: MP seeds exhibited a gradual and progressive change in the low-density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats (4th week [−34.3%], 8th week [−42.24%], and 12th week [−45.30%]), serum triglycerides levels (4th week [−39.3%], 8th week [−44.49%], and 12th week [−46.65%]). Whereas serum high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased (39.3% increase by 4 weeks, 54.95% increase by 8 weeks, and 61.03% increase by 12 weeks). This suggests that active phytochemical compounds in the MP seeds exert hypolipidemic properties by its antioxidant and high fiber content. Conclusion: MP seeds contain phytonutrients and soluble fiber compounds, which helps in reduction of lipid levels in rats with diabetes induced hyperlipidemia.

Potential Beneficial Effects of Crab-Flavored Seafood Intake in Young Rats

Background: Crab-flavored seafood is a well-known traditional Japanese product that is sold as “imitation crab” worldwide. Although it is a low-cost, low-fat, high-protein food, there are few data on its potential health benefits. Here, we have assessed the effects of crab-flavored seafood consumption on organ weight and serum biomarkers levels in rats. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats (male; aged 6 weeks) were fed a normal diet (n = 8) or a normal diet with 5% dried crab-flavored seafood (n = 8) for 84 days. Food intake and overall body weight were measured every week; organ weight and blood biochemistry were evaluated at the end of the administration period. Results: After 84 days, there were no significant differences in food intake, overall body weight, or organ weight between the 2 groups; however, the muscle weight of rats fed crab-flavored seafood tended to be higher than that of rats fed the normal diet. Several serum biomarkers did not differ between the 2 groups, but serum high-density lipoprotein, total bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin levels were significantly raised in rats fed crab-flavored seafood. Moreover, blood urea nitrogen was significantly lower, and some liver function parameters tended to be lower in rats fed crab-flavored seafood. Conclusions: Consumption of crab-flavored seafood may be effective for promoting muscle protein synthesis and improving serum biomarkers associated with disorders such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Thus, crab-flavored seafood may have application as a functional food for the global management of human health.

The Protective Effects of Andrographis paniculata against Cardiac Damage Induced by Diclofenac in Wistar Albino Rats

This study aimed to evaluate the potential preventative effects of Andrographis paniculata on cardiac damage produced by diclofenac in Wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Group 1, which served as the normal control and was given only feed; Group 2, which served as the positive control and was given feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac; Group 3, which received feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac and 200 mg/kg extract; Group 4, which received feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac and 400 mg/kg extract; and Group 5, which received feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac and 200 mg/kg vitamin E. The oral administration of the extract was conducted over a period of 14 days, following which the animals were slaughtered on the 15th day in order to facilitate subsequent analysis. The findings indicated that administering Andrographis paniculata extract to the experimental groups led to a statistically significant increase in bodyweight for group 3 (167.33 ± 21.33) and group 4 (173.33 ± 17.63), as compared to the normal and positive control groups (p&lt;0.05). The research findings demonstrated a clear association between diclofenac administration and cardiac damage, with a statistically significant elevation in blood concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and malondialdehyde. Pretreatment with Andrographis paniculata resulted in a modulation of the decrease in levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 compared to group 1. However, the administration of Vitamin E led to a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as an increase in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity compared to the positive control. ....

Does Fried Street Food (Kokor) affect Lipid Profiles and bodyweight? The Finding from Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Foods fried in palm oil on the streets change the oil composition and produce toxic byproducts. Even though the health implications of fried street food are not fully understood, Ethiopians frequently consume these items. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of street kokor fried in palm oil on mice's lipid profiles and body weight. Methods: The experiment involved 32 Swiss Albino male and female mice, which were randomly separated into four groups with equal male and female subgroups. The experimental groups, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, got 10%, 20%, and 30% of the daily food intake, respectively. In contrast, the control group (Group-I) received only pellets and a vehicle (water). The mice were killed at the end of the sixth weeks after recieving a diethyl ether anesthetic. Once their blood was drawn through a heart puncture, lipid profile tests were performed on it. Results: In this experiment, the amount of street kokor cooked in palm oil had a significant impact on the mice' body weight [F (3, 24) = 13.841, p = 0.001] and all of the mice in the experimental groups had significantly lower body weights than the mice in Group I (the control group) (P 0.05). Similarly, the dose of palm oil fried street kokor had a significant effect on serum triglyceride (TG) [F (3, 24) = 17.72, p = 0.001], serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [F (3, 24) = 90.344, p = 0.001], serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [F (3, 24) = 25.38, p = 0.001] and serum total cholesterol (TC) level of the mice [F (3, 24) = 257.480, p = 0.001]. The experimental group mice's lipid profiles, except serum HDL level, were increased significantly compared with the control group mice (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Mice's body weight fell and serum lipid profiles were affected by palm oil-fried street kokor. This study found that palm oil-fried street kokor dramatically decreased mice's body weight. Furthermore, ingesting kokor cooked in palm oil significantly and proportionally elevated mice's serum lipid profiles (TG, LDL, and TC), but it also dramatically and inversely decreased HDL levels.

The impact of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs on lipid profile of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or seronegative spondyloarthropathy

Background: Inflammatory arthritis is associated with abnormal levels of lipoprotein. The cause is considered to be inflammation. Recently, the use of biologic drugs in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and seronegative spondyloarthropathy, has increased. There are different results of the effect of these drugs on fat profile. Evaluate the impact of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha drugs on lipid profile of patients with RA or seronegative spondyloarthritis. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or seronegative spondyloarthritis, who were candidates for TNF alpha treatment, were included in the study. After obtaining written consent, a checklist was completed for all patients including demographic information such as age, sex, height, weight, place of residence, level of education, type of disease, and lipid profile test results including total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were recorded. Then the patients were treated and evaluated for fat profile after 3, 6, 9 months after receiving the relevant treatment regimen. The test results were recorded in checklists. After completing the study, the data were entered into the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 24 software and analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 46.38±14.33 years. 54% of patients were female. 54% of patients had rheumatoid arthritis. 62% of patients were treated with Sinora. The results of this study showed that serum triglyceride levels increased during the study period and this increase was statistically significant but the trend of changes in serum cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels was not statistically significant. However, serum LDL levels measured in the ninth month increased significantly compared to the initial measurement. Conclusions: Results showed that there was a significant relationship between lipid profile changes and anti-TNF alpha consumption. Although decreased inflammation appears but other mechanisms may be involved in dyslipidemia.

Effects of in ovo injection of the L-carnosine on physiological indexes of neonatal broiler chicken

The objective of the present investigation was to ascertain the impact of in ovo administration of L-carnosine on physiological indicators in neonatal broiler chickens. A total of 280 viable broiler eggs were allocated to 7 distinct groups: control, Sham in ovo injection of sterile water on d 7 of incubation. Groups 3 and 4 were subjected to in ovo injections of L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 7 of incubation. Group 5, functioning as a sham in ovo, received an injection of sterile water on d 18 of incubation. Groups 6 and 7 were in ovo injected with L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 18 of incubation. All eggs were subjected to incubation, and the hatching rate and body weight were measured post-hatch. Subsequently, blood samples were collected, and the levels of biochemical constituents in the serum were determined. Based on the outcomes, the administration of L-carnosine (50 µg) on d 7 of incubation led to a significant increase in post-hatch body weight compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The in ovo injection of L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 7 and 18 of incubation resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the newly hatched chickens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the in-ovo injection of L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 7 and 18 of incubation led to a significant increase in the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, and total protein (TP) in the newly hatched chickens (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, L-carnosine did not have a significant effect on the levels of serum IgY and IgA in the newly hatched chickens (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the in ovo administration of L-carnosine yielded favorable outcomes in neonatal broiler chickens.

Effects of different levels of dried onion powder on nutrient digestibility, biochemical parameters, and nitrogen balance in Wistar albino rats with induced hyperuricemia.

Introduction: Onions (Allium cepa L.) are excellent sources of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals such as allicin, quercetin, fisetin, and other sulfurous compounds. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects of dried onion powder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, and biochemical parameters in Wistar albino rats with induced hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six in each group: HU (positive control) and HOT1, HOT2, and HOT3 groups, which received a diet containing onion powder at concentrations of 11.13, 14.84, and 18.61g/100g, respectively. Hyperuricemia was induced in rats by administering a new formulation intraperitoneally (250mg/kg potassium oxonate) and orally (40mg/kg potassium bromate) daily for 14days. After confirmation of hyperuricemia induction, rats were fed with onion-treated diets with various concentrations of quercetin for 21days. Results: Significant decreases (p ≤ 0.05) in serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were observed. An increasing trend (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet count was observed. An improvement in the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum total protein and neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes was observed. A positive progress (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Conclusion: In conclusion, a significantly lower uric acid level was observed in rats fed with HOT2 diet. Based on the ratio of the surface area (human/rat), the best recommended dose of onion for the incidence and prevention of hyperuricemia is 189.95g, corresponding to the dose of 204mg/day of quercetin in humans.

Diminished ovarian reserve is associated with metabolic disturbances and hyperhomocysteinemia in women with infertility

Background To distinguish the metabolic profile between women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and those with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Methods In this retrospective study, we enrolled 524 women under the age of 40 who were experiencing infertility: 261 in the DOR group and 263 in the NOR group. Physical characteristics and metabolic parameters were compared between these two groups. Results Women with DOR exhibited a higher propensity for elevated parameters including body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as heightened serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while concurrently experiencing reduced serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence rates of TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, SBP/DBP ≥ 130/85 mmHg, and metabolic syndrome (MS) were significantly elevated within the DOR group as compared to the NOR group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic disturbances and HHcy were notably elevated in women with infertility and DOR compared to those with NOR.

Statin Use, Cholesterol Level, and Mortality Among Females With Breast Cancer

Several studies have reported an association between the use of statins and breast cancer (BC) mortality. However, most of these studies did not take into account the underlying cholesterol level. To investigate the association between serum cholesterol, statin use, and BC mortality. This cohort study included females with invasive BC that was newly diagnosed between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2013, in Finland. The cohort had available hormone receptor data and at least 1 cholesterol measurement. All data were obtained from Finnish national registries. Statistical analyses were performed from January to May 2022. Use of statins; statin dose; and serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels measured separately before and after BC diagnosis. Breast cancer mortality and overall mortality between date of BC diagnosis and December 31, 2015. A total of 13 378 female patients with BC (median [IQR] age, 62 [54-69] years) participated in the study. The median (IQR) follow-up was 4.5 (2.4-9.8) years after BC diagnosis, during which 16.4% of patients died and 7.0% died of BC. Prediagnostic statin use was a risk factor for BC death even after adjustment for total cholesterol level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.46; P = .03). Reduced risk for BC death was seen for postdiagnostic statin use (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-1.00; P = .05). The risk reduction was robust in participants whose cholesterol level decreased after starting statins (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75; P = .001) but was nonsignificant if cholesterol level did not subsequently decrease (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.34-1.40; P = .30). Reduced BC mortality among statin users was also observed in females with estrogen receptor-positive tumors (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.99; P = .03). Overall mortality was lower among statin users vs nonusers when adjusted for serum cholesterol level (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88; P < .001). Results of this cohort study showed that postdiagnostic use of statins was associated with reduced BC mortality compared with nonuse, and the risk was associated with subsequent change in serum cholesterol level. This finding suggests that cholesterol-lowering interventions with statins may be beneficial for patients with BC.

Low cholesterol levels are associated with increasing risk of plasma cell neoplasm: A UK biobank cohort study.

Plasma cell neoplasms are a group of hematologic neoplasms that often develop in the elderly population. The relationship between cholesterol levels and hematologic malignancy has been identified in population studies. However, it is still unclear if there is a relationship between cholesterol levels and plasma cell neoplasm in European ancestry. Prospective cohorts included 502,507 individuals from the UK Biobank who were followed up to 2019 and assessed total cholesterol(TC) levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) as risk factors for plasma cell neoplasms with Cox proportional hazard regression and restricted cubic spline model. We also used two-sample Mendelian randomization to determine if the cholesterol level has a causal effect on developing plasma cell neoplasms. We observed 1819 plasma cell neoplasm cases during 14.2 years of follow-up in the UK Biobank. We found higher blood serum cholesterol levels at baseline were associated with a lower risk of plasma cell neoplasm in our study. All lipid profiles we analyzed in this study were inversely associated with plasma cell neoplasm risk (all ptrend <0.005) but triglycerides did not have such association. However, there was no suggestive association of genetically predicted serum LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol levels with multiple myeloma. Low serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ApoA, and ApoB levels were all associated with increasing the risk of plasma cell neoplasm.

The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and glucolipid metabolism in pregnant women with large for gestational age infants.

To elucidate the association between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and glucolipid metabolism in women with large for gestational age (LGA) infants. A single-center, observational prospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary hospital in Wenzhou, China. Normal pregnant women were divided into LGA group and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group according to the neonatal birth weight. Fecal samples were collected from each subject before delivery for the analysis of gut microbiota composition (GMC) and SCFAs. Blood samples were obtained at 24-28 weeks of gestation age to measure fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels, as well as just before delivery to assess serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein. The GMC exhibited differences at various taxonomic levels. Within the Firmicutes phylum, genus Lactobacillus, genus Clostridium, species Lactobacillus agil, and species Lactobacillus salivarius were enriched in the LGA group. Microbispora at genus level, Microbispora rosea at species level belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum, Neisseriales at order level, Bartonellaceae at family level, Paracoccus aminovorans, and Methylobacterium at genus level from the Proteobacteria phylum were more abundant in the LGA group. In contrast, within the Bacteroidetes phylum, Prevotella at genus level and Parabacteroides distasonis at species level were enriched in the AGA group. Although there were few differences observed in SCFA levels and most glucolipid metabolism indicators between the two groups, the serum HDL level was significantly lower in the LGA group compared to the AGA group. No significant relevance among GMC, SCFAs, and glucolipid metabolism indicators was found in the LGA group or in the AGA group. Multiple different taxa, especially phylum Firmicutes, genus Prevotella, and genus Clostridium, might play an important role in excessive fetal growth, and LGA might be associated with the lower serum HDL level.

HDL inhibits pancreatic acinar cell NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protect against acinar cell pyroptosis in acute pancreatitis

Background and PurposeRecent clinical studies have shown that serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are correlated with acute pancreatitis (AP) severity. We aimed to investigate the role of HDL in pancreatic necrosis in AP. Experimental approachApoA-I is the main constitution and function component of HDL. The roles of healthy human-derived HDL and apoA-I mimic peptide D4F were demonstrated in AP models in vivo and in vitro. Constitutive Apoa1 genetic inhibition on AP severity, especially pancreatic necrosis was assessed in both caerulein and sodium taurocholate induced mouse AP models. In addition, constitutive (Casp1-/-) and acinar cell conditional (Pdx1CreNlrp3Δ/Δ and Pdx1CreGsdmdΔ/Δ) mice were used to explore the effects of HDL on acinar cell pyroptosis in AP. Key resultsApoa1 knockout dramatically aggravated pancreatic necrosis. Human-derived HDL protected against acinar cell death in vivo and in vitro. We found that mimic peptide D4F also protected against AP very well. Constitutive Casp1 or acinar cell-conditional Nlrp3 and Gsdmd genetic inhibition could counteract the protective effects of HDL, implying HDL may exert beneficial effects on AP through inhibiting acinar cell pyroptosis. Conclusion and implicationsThis work demonstrates the protective role of HDL and apoA-I in AP pathology, potentially driven by the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and acinar cell pyroptosis. Mimic peptides have promise as specific therapies for AP.