Serum Levels Of Apolipoprotein A1 Research Articles

To beer or not to beer: A meta-analysis of the effects of beer consumption on cardiovascular health.

A moderate alcohol consumption is demonstrated to exert a protective action in terms of cardiovascular risk. Although this property seems not to be beverage-specific, the various composition of alcoholic compounds could mediate peculiar effects in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential beer-mediated effects on the cardiovascular health in humans, using a meta-analytic approach (trial registration number: CRD42018118387). The literature search, comprising all English articles published until November, 30th 2019 in EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane database included all controlled clinical trials evaluating the cardiovascular effects of beer assumption compared to alcohol-free beer, water, abstinence or placebo. Both sexes and all beer preparations were considered eligible. Outcome parameters were those entering in the cardiovascular risk charts and those related to endothelial dysfunction. Twenty-six trials were included in the analysis. Total cholesterol was significantly higher in beer drinkers compared to controls (14 studies, 3.52 mg/dL, 1.71-5.32 mg/dL). Similar increased levels were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (18 studies, 3.63 mg/dL, 2.00-5.26 mg/dL) and in apolipoprotein A1 (5 studies, 0.16 mg/dL, 0.11-0.21 mg/dL), while no differences were detected in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (12 studies, -2.85 mg/dL, -5.96-0.26 mg/dL) and triglycerides (14 studies, 0.40 mg/dL, -5.00-5.80 mg/dL) levels. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) resulted significantly higher in beer-consumers compared to controls (4 studies, 0.65%, 0.07-1.23%), while blood pressure and other biochemical markers of inflammation did not differ. In conclusion, the specific beer effect on human cardiovascular health was meta-analysed for the first time, highlighting an improvement of the vascular elasticity, detected by the increase of FMD (after acute intake), and of the lipid profile with a significant increase of HDL and apolipoprotein A1 serum levels. Although the long-term effects of beer consumption are not still understood, a beneficial effect of beer on endothelial function should be supposed.

Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on serum apolipoprotein levels in liver cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Objective To discuss the influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on serum apolipoprotein levels in liver cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).Methods 74 liver cirrhosis patients with SBP were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and control group.Patients in the two groups were given routine medical treatment such as liver protection and diuretic effect,correction of hypoproteinemia,anti-infection etc.Patients in the observation group were orally given Saccharomyces boulardii 0.5g for one time,two times daily for 4 weeks.The changes of serum apolipoprotein A1 and B levels in two groups were observed and compared,and the curative effect and safety were also observed.Results After treatment for 4 weeks,the serum apolipoprotein A1 and B levelsintwogroupswereobviouslyincreasedcomparedwithbeforetreatment (t =2.46,2.3 7,3.04,2.87,P ＜ 0.05or P ＜0.01),and the increase of observation group was much higher than that of control group(t =2.29,2.23,all P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,the total effective rate of the observation group (91.89％) was significantly higher than that of control group (72.97 ％) (x2 =4.57,P ＜ 0.05).3 cases and 5 cases of adverse reactions appeared in control group and observation group,the symptom was light and no serious drug adverse reaction(DAR) observed.The incidence rate of DAR between the two groups had no obviously statistical difference (x2 =0.14,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii has reliable curative effect and high security in the treatment of liver cirrhosis patients with SBP,the mechanism may be related with increasing the synthesis of apolipoprotein A1 and B in the liver and intestine,and increasing serum levels of apolipoprotein A1 and B. Key words: Liver cirrhosis ; Peritonitis; Saccharomyces boulardii ; Apolipoprotein

IS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MORE IN DIABETICS BECAUSE OF LOWER APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 LEVELS RATHER THAN HIGHER APO B /APOA1 RATIO?

Diabetics are known to have increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Apolipoprotein B/ A1 ratio is considered to be a good biochemical marker for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) risk assessment. The study was designed to estimate serum levels of apolipoprotein A1 , B and calculate Apo B/Apo A1 ratio in thirty diagnosed patients of type II diabetes attending the diabetic clinic in Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated SSK Hospital, comparing them with age and sex matched controls and assessing their significance levels. Fasting Plasma Glucose ,Apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B in serum were measured by on fully automated analyser SYNCHRON CX9 using Kit from Randox . Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 17.0.It was found that Fasting plasma glucose was significantly higher in the study group compared to control group (p<0.0001). Apolipoprotein A1 was lower in patients of diabetes mellitus as compared to controls and the difference was very highly significant p<0.0001. Apolipoprotein B levels as well as Apo B/Apo A1 were significantly higher in diabetics compared to controls with p<0.01 for both. It emerged from the study that apolipoprotein A1 levels are more significant compared to apolipoprotein B and ratio of Apo B/Apo A1 and therefore is a better assessor of CAD risk in diabetics.

The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Markers of Cardiometabolic Disease among Canadian Adults

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a well-established risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. However, the association between MetS, and its components, with the metabolic phenotypes and inflammatory markers that are risk factor for cardiometabolic disease has not been explored in the general population. The present study examines this association among Canadian adults and explores the changes in the profile of a number of metabolic and inflammatory markers associated with cardiometabolic disease at various MetS stages. Methods: Serum levels of apolipoprotein A1 and B (Apo-A1, -B), total:HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and homocysteine were determined in 1,818 non-diabetic adults (16-79 years of age) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). The definition of MetS components was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Taylor-series expansion methods for complex survey data were used to estimate variances. Generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, use of medications and ethnicity were used to quantify the relationship between the metabolic phenotypes and inflammatory markers associated with risk to cardiometabolic disease and the number of MetS components. Results: The prevalence of the MetS (i.e., with three or more MetS components) among the study subjects was 8.9%, with 31.8% having at least one component. As expected, metabolic markers such as total: HDL-C, Apo-B and HbA1c were all significantly increased as the number of MetS components increased whereas Apo-A was decreased. We also observed a significant association between the number of MetS components and the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP and fibrinogen, but not homocysteine. Mean serum levels of these markers were significantly elevated as the numbers of MetS components increased. Strong correlations were noted between CRP, fibrinogen, and homocysteine and the individual components of the MetS. Conclusions: There is an apparent profile of metabolic phenotypes and inflammatory biomarkers, known to be related to the cardiometabolic disease risk, that emerges as MetS manifests with increasing the number of its components. These findings may permit proposing a metabolic trait that predisposes to MetS and may permit developing an effective approach for early risk prediction and intervention.

The Influence of Genetics and Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Acne: A Twin Study of Acne in Women

Acne is common and often leads to significant psychologic and physical morbidity. From clinical experience, acne appears to run in families; however, very few studies have investigated the genetic basis of this very common skin disease. A large twin study based on 458 pairs of monozygotic and 1099 pairs of dizygotic twins, all women with a mean age of 46 y was performed to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors on the liability to acne. In addition, potential risk factors were assessed in twins with and without acne in a nested cross-sectional design. Fourteen percent of the twins reported a history of acne. Genetic modeling using acne scores showed that 81% (95% confidence interval 73-87%) of the variance of the disease was attributable to additive genetic effects. The remaining 19% was attributed to unique (i.e., unshared) environmental factors. Of the potential risk factors tested in 400 acne twins and 2414 unaffected twins, only apolipoprotein A1 serum levels were significantly lower in acne twins even after adjusting for age and weight. Family history of acne was also significantly associated with an increased risk. No significant differences were found between acne twins and nonacne twins for weight, body mass index, height, birth weight, hair thinning, reproductive factors as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose levels. The lower serum levels of apolipoprotein A1 in acne twins were also confirmed when analyzing acne discordant twin pairs. The evidence of a major genetic influence on acne should stimulate the search for potential genes that may lead to new therapeutic approaches.