Serum Levels Of 25-hydroxyvitamin Research Articles

Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with bone health measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound: a large cross-sectional analysis in children and adolescents.

Background: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health; however, findings in children and adolescents remain inconsistent, and few studies have examined its impact on bone health measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS). This study aims at assessing the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and bone health, as evaluated by QUS, across varying pubertal stages and genders. Methods: A baseline cross-sectional survey of an ongoing cohort study included 4682 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years from Shenzhen, China. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is the sum of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bone health was measured through calcaneal QUS, utilizing the speed of sound (SOS) in the heel as a principal measure-a higher SOS indicating a denser bone structure. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the association of serum 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 levels with the SOS. Results: Forty-one point-one percent of this population was vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D < 20 ng ml-1), with only 11.1% being sufficient. In the fully adjusted model, we observed a significant positive association between increased serum 25(OH)D quartiles and SOS. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartiles of serum 25(OH)D, those in successive quartiles of 25(OH)D were 3.54 (95% CI: 0.81, 6.28) m s-1, 5.74 (95% CI: 2.87, 8.61) m s-1, and 8.83 (95% CI: 5.83, 11.84) m s-1, respectively (P for trend < 0.0001). The correlations observed for serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 with SOS were similar to those of serum 25(OH)D. Importantly, this association was primarily observed in post-pubertal children and adolescents but was absent in pre- and mid-pubertal participants (P for interaction = 0.0004). Conclusion: Elevated serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with better bone health, as measured through calcaneal QUS, in children and adolescents, particularly among those who had reached the post-pubertal stage. These findings highlight the crucial importance of maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels to support optimal bone health in this demographic.

Vitamin D, PTH, and Lipid Dysregulation in Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, bone remodeling, and pain. Recent evidence suggests that Vitamin D insufficiency, alterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and dyslipidemia may play roles in the pathophysiology of OA, affecting calcium homeostasis and bone health. We investigated the association between Vitamin D, PTH levels, lipid profile, and calcium homeostasis in OA patients. This case-control study involved 200 participants, divided into OA and control groups, at a tertiary care center from April to May 2023. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and calcium were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess correlations between these biomarkers and OA status. OA patients demonstrated significantly lower Vitamin D levels and higher PTH and total cholesterol levels compared to controls. Vitamin D insufficiency was prevalent, with a notable correlation between decreased Vitamin D levels, elevated PTH, and dyslipidemia. These findings suggest a potential metabolic interplay affecting OA progression and symptomatology. The study highlights a significant association between Vitamin D insufficiency, altered PTH levels, and lipid dysregulation in OA patients, underscoring the importance of assessing these parameters in the clinical management of OA. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic implications of correcting Vitamin D insufficiency and lipid abnormalities in OA.

Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels, Not 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Are Associated With Sleep Quality in Airline Pilots.

Despite the vulnerability of airline pilots (APs) to sleep disturbances, the biological underpinnings responsible for this phenomenon are still not entirely elucidated. However, there is an increasing amount of evidence indicating an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ca2+, and Mg2+ levelsand sleep health. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to examine the potential associations between serum levels of these biomarkers and the occurrence of poor sleep among APs. We examined a convenience sample of 100male APs who underwent the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess their sleep quality. Those who scored 5 or higher on the PSQI were labeled as poor sleepers. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were quantified in all participants. Out of the 100 APs, 58 (58%) and 42 (42%) were classified as good and poor sleepers, respectively, based on the PSQI scores. We defined vitamin D deficiency as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 10 ng/mL and insufficiency as levels ranging from 10 to 30 ng/mL. The results revealed no significant differences in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D between the two groups, and there was no evidence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. However, poor sleepers exhibited significantly lower levels of both Mg2+ (1.8 ± 0.1 mg/dLversus2.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL, respectively) and Ca2+ (8.5 ± 0.4mg/dLversus9.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL, respectively) compared to good sleepers (P < 0.001 for both). Logistic regression analysis identified both Mg2+ and Ca2+ as independent biomarkers associated with poor sleep quality in APs (P < 0.001 for both). Lower serum concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+, not 25-hydroxyvitamin D, may be associated with poor sleep in APs.

Single Nucleotide Variants of the VDR Gene and Cardiometabolic Risk in Obesity

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Aim: to define the contribution of single nucleotide variants (SNV) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene to the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) in children. Materials and Methods200 obese children aged 6-18 years were examined. The main group (n=118) was represented by children with MUO. The control group (n=82) consolidated of children with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Whole genome sequencing (CeGat) was performed in 31 children of the main and 21 children of the control group. The level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Synevo) was measured in all children. Verification of results: calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) and p-value for each variable. ResultsFive SNVs of the VDR gene were identified: rs2228570 (1 DNA copy number variation (CNV): c.2T>C in 94.23%; rs731236 (2 CNVs: c.11056T>C, c.1206T>C in 65.38%); rs10783218 (2 CNV: c.296+8C>T, c.146+8C>T in 7.69%); rs2228572 (2 CNV: c.57C>T, c.207C>T in 1.92%); rs12721365 (2 CNV: c. 1059C>T, c.909C>T in 1.92% of patients). A correlation between SNV VDR and MUO was observed in the following genotypes: AA rs12721365 (r=0.21), AA rs2228572 (r=0.21) and GG rs2228570 (r= -0.31), p<0.05. A correlation between vitamin D deficiency and SNV VDR was noted for the following genotypes: AA genotype rs12721365 (r= 0.41), AA genotype rs2228572 (r= 0.38) and GG rs 2228570 (r= -0.27), p<0.05. ConclusionsThe development of cardiometabolic risk and vitamin D deficiency in obese children is associated with the presence of AA/AG genotypes SNV VDR rs2228570, rs12721365, rs2228572.

Night eating habits, sleep quality, and depression, are they associated with vitamin D status?

In addition to the well-established roles of vitamin D on bone health, it also appears to be an effective factor on mental health and circadian behaviors, that include eating and sleeping habits. This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D status with night eating habits, sleep quality and depression in female college students. This cross-sectional study studied healthy female students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Demographic and anthropometric information as well as data on sleep quality and depression were recorded and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. A 3-day food record questionnaire was completed to assess night eating habits. Data analyses were undertaken using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. The study participants comprised of 272 female students with median (Inter Quartile Range) age of 22 (21-24) years. The majority of the participants (82.3%) were classified as night eaters, who had higher rates of poor sleep quality compared to non-night eaters (P<0.05). With 1ng/ml increase in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the odds of being a night eater fell by 3% (OR=0.97; 95%CI=0.95, 0.99), and the odds of having depression or poor sleep quality decreased by 5% (OR=0.95; 95%CI=0.93, 0.97) and 6% (OR=0.94; 95%CI=0.91, 0.97), respectively. There was an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with night eating habits, depression and poor sleep quality. This association needs be confirmed using cohort and interventional studies.

Evaluation of the role of vitamin D in patients with psoriasis

Objectives: Investigate whether there is any association between the levels of vitamin D in the blood and the seriousness of psoriasis or its development. Methods: The study is characterized as observational, retrospective, composed of 40 patients with psoriasis who had serum vitamin D levels, who underwent clinical care at a dermatology outpatient clinic in Passo Fundo/RS, from August 2019 to June 2021. Results: Of the 40 interviewees, 60% were female and 40% male. Phototypes II and III prevailed. Regarding family health history, 50% had a history of the disease. Regarding the duration of psoriasis, the predominant group was between 1-10 years (57.5%). The most prevalent psoriasis subtype was vulgaris (62.5%). Regarding serum vitamin D results, the lowest index was 15.2 ng ̸ mL, the highest was 42.3 ng ̸ mL and the average was 25.99 ng ̸mL. In the predominant age group, between 20-40 years, the proportion of patients with vitamin D was less than 30 ng ̸mL is 83.33%. The lower the phototype, the greater the proportion of patients with suboptimal serum vitamin D. In the group of patients with disease duration &gt; 10 years, vitamin D levels were lower. There is no extreme difference in the effectiveness of treatments when analyzing the average, minimum and maximum serum levels of vitamin D. Conclusion: There was no relationship between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the development of psoriasis or even control – worsening of the clinical picture of disease.

RETRACTED: Analysis of the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D, retinol binding protein, and Cyclooxygenase-2 and the disease severity in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose significant clinical challenges, representing severe complications in diabetes mellitus patients and contributing to non-traumatic amputations. Identifying reliable biomarkers can optimize early diagnosis and improve therapeutic outcomes. This study focused on evaluating the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], Serum Retinol Binding Protein (RBP), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in elderly DFU patients. A retrospective study involving 240 participants, from March 2020 to March 2023. The participants were segmented into three cohorts: 80 with DFUs, 80 diabetic patients without DFUs, and 80 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of the three biomarkers were assayed using methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay, and an automated biochemistry analyser. Comparisons were made both between groups and within the DFU group based on disease severity. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in biomarker levels across the groups (p < 0.05). COX-2 and RBP concentrations were highest in the DFU group, followed by the non-DFU diabetic group, and lowest in the control group. Conversely, 25(OH)D levels were highest in the control group, followed by the non-DFU diabetic group, and lowest in the DFU group. Within the DFU group, RBP and COX-2 levels increased with disease severity, while 25(OH)D levels decreased. These variations were especially pronounced in patients with the most severe Wagner grading. A significant positive correlation was observed between disease severity and levels of RBP (r = 0.651, p < 0.05) and COX-2 (r = 0.356, p < 0.05). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was identified between disease severity and 25(OH)D levels (r = -0.658, p < 0.05). Assessing 25(OH)D, RBP, and COX-2 serum levels offers a promising tool for evaluating the severity and progression of DFUs. Monitoring these biomarkers can enrich our understanding of the metabolic and inflammatory pathways of the disease and potentially refine therapeutic strategies.

Evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

BackgroundVitamin D, one of the most essential micronutrients, is crucial in various health outcomes. However, previous studies showed conflicting results and uncertainty about vitamin D supplementation's optimal dosage and duration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the vitamin D supplements efficiency on serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihdroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in adults.MethodsA systematic analysis of eligible and relevant randomized-controlled trials (RCT) published before April 2023 assessing the effect of vitamin D supplementations applied. The studies were identified by searching several databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Cochrane Register of controlled trials.ResultsFive eligible RCTs with 346 participants in the intervention and 352 participants in the control group were assessed in our project. According to the results, there was a substantial change in 25(OH)D (SMD: 2.2, I2: 92.3, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.38–3.02, P-value: 0.048) and 1,25(OH)2D (SMD:1.23, I2: 86.3, 95% CI: 0.01- 2.44, P-value < 0.010) affected by vitamin D intervention. Regarding Parathyroid hormone (PTH), however, vitamin D intervention showed a remarkable decrease (SMD: -0.75, I2: 82.4, 95% CI: (-1.3)—(-0.18), P-value < 0.010). Moreover, sensitivity analysis showed significant publication bias in terms of 25(OH)D.ConclusionVitamin D supplements significantly increase the serum levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and decrease PTH levels. While some studies reported decreasing effect of vitamin D supplements on RAAS activity, some reported no changes.

Maternal and neonatal umbilical cord serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D among Sudanese women with normal pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

Maternal and neonatal umbilical cord serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D among Sudanese women with normal pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

Vitamin D as Supplementary Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients

Objective: To compare vitamin D with placebo in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in terms of clinical improvement and sputum conversion. Materials And Methods: This is a prospective randomized, double blind, placebo controlled comparative study conducted for a period of 12 weeks in a tertiary care centre in south India. Total Subjects were 60 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis who are getting TB treatment initiation, Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups, group A and group B comprising of 30 patients in each group. Group A received vitamin D and group B received placebo. Dosage of vitamin D was 0.25mg/day, given in initial six weeks of antituberculosis drug therapy. Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured at time of diagnosis and at 8 weeks of anti-tuberculous therapy. Measurements of haemoglobin, leukocyte count and serum calcium were done at beginning and repeated at 6th, 8th and 12 weeks. Acid fast bacilli were examined at beginning and on 6th, 8thand 12 weeks. Primary outcome was evaluation of conversion time of sputum smear; secondary outcome was clinical improvement as assessed by TB score. Results: There is no significant difference in mean values of age, haemoglobin level, calcium level,serum Vitamin D, TB score and total lymphocyte count in both groups at start of study.There was no statistical difference in serum calcium level, haemoglobin level and total lymphocyte level at end of study. Mean serum vitamin D level at 8th week of treatment was 27.83±7.09ng/dl in group A and 18.83±2.27 in group B, there was statistically significant difference between two groups. Sixth week sputum conversion in 30 subjects of vitamin D group is 100% and in placebo group, it is 76.7%, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Supplementary vitamin D when added to first line anti-tuberculous drugs results in shorter conversion time and less severe TB clinical manifestation without any manifestations of hypercalcemia. Therefore, it is recommended to add vitamin D as supplementary treatment to first-line anti-tuberculous drugs in treatment course of active pulmonary TB.

Comparison of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D amongst black African prostate cancer patients with non-aggressive versus aggressive disease using the Gleason score

Background: Black men of African descent have higher risk for developing prostate cancer and present at a younger age with advanced disease and a poorer prognosis. Limited number of studies directly linking serum vitamin D with either prostate cancer prognosis or measures of prostate cancer aggressiveness have been done. The objective of this study is to compare serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with non-aggressive and aggressive prostate cancer using the Gleason score in black Africans in Jos. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among fifty patients who presented to the urological surgical out-patient clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital who had clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer and were scheduled for prostate biopsy. Blood samples for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay was analysed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analysed. Data was collected in a proforma, statistical analysis done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS)(R) version 23 and t-test was used for comparison with a p value &lt;0.05 considered significant. Results: Fifty patients were studied whose age ranged from 50-89 years. The mean level of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was 37.90 ng/ml±17.92. The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D of patients with non-aggressive disease (GS≤6) and aggressive disease (GS≥7) was 48.44±17.09 and 34.57±17.08 respectively with a p value of 0.018. Conclusions: This study showed that black African prostate cancer patients with high grade tumors (Gleason score ≥7) had significantly lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels compared to those with low grade tumors (Gleason score &lt;7).

Assessment of Healthy Eating Index and Serum Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Zinc in Prostate Cancer Patients

Background and Objectives Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer in men. In this study, the healthy eating index (HEI) and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and zinc were evaluated in prostate cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. Subjects and Methods In this study, 30 men who had recently been diagnosed with prostate cancer were compared with 30 otherwise healthy age-matched men in terms of their serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D and zinc as well as HEI. The latter was evaluated in both groups using a 3-day food record. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, weight, BMI and waist circumference. The scores of all components of HEI were not significantly different in the two groups, and in spite of the lower total HEI score in the prostate cancer group, this difference was not statistically significant. Differences between the two groups in terms of serum zinc levels were marginally significant (P-value=0.053). However, the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the prostate cancer group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P-value =0.046). Conclusion The results of this study showed that there are statistically significant and marginally significant differences between prostate cancer patients and their otherwise healthy aged-matched counterparts in terms of serum levels 25 hydroxyvitamin D and zinc, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the HEI score.

Effect of two vitamin D repletion protocols on 24-h urine calcium in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of two vitamin D repletion therapies (cholecalciferol) on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24-h urine calcium in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones and vitamin D deficiency (VDD).Design, setting, participantsA parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial on patients who referred to Labbafinejad kidney stone prevention clinic, Tehran, Iran. From 88 recurrent calcium stone formers, 62 patients completed the study. The age of participants was 18–70 years who had serum 25(OH)D levels of 10–20 ng/ml.InterventionParticipants received oral cholecalciferol 2000 IU daily for 12 weeks or 50,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks.Main outcome measuresStudy variables including 24-h urine calcium, supersaturations of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone were measured at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks.ResultsThe 24-h urine calcium significantly increased in both groups (β = 69.70, p < 0.001), with no significant difference between treatments. Both groups showed no significant change in the supersaturation levels of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Serum levels of 25(OH)D increased significantly (β = 12.53, p < 0.001), with more increase in the 50,000 IU group (β = 3.46, p = 0.003). Serum parathyroid hormone decreased in both groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough both treatment protocols increased 24-h urine calcium, they did not increase the supersaturation state of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.Trial registration IRCT20160206026406N4, 13/08/2019.

Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency among Adult Population in Urban and Rural Areas of the National Capital Region of Delhi, India

Abstract High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported among selective population, but its population prevalence from representative adult population is lacking in India. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of Vitamin D deficiency among urban and rural areas of the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi, India. Serum Vitamin D levels of 1403 adults (aged 30 years above), 702 from urban and 701 from rural NCR of Delhi, who participated in a representative cross-sectional survey were measured using the quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay method. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was classified as severe deficient, and insufficient at three serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D–&lt;10, 10–&lt;20, and 20–&lt;30 ng/mL, respectively. The median (interquartile range) 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in urban and rural areas were 7.7 (5.2, 10.8) ng/mL and 16.2 (10.9, 22.3) ng/mL, respectively. The prevalence of Vitamin D severe deficiency, deficiency, and insufficiency in urban areas were 71%, 27%, and 2%, respectively. The corresponding prevalence in rural areas was 20%, 47%, and 25%. Urban location (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.7 [8.6, 15.9]), female gender (OR [95% CI]: 1.5 [1.1, 2.2]), and abdominal obesity (OR [95% CI]:1.5 [1.1, 2.0]) were independently associated with severe deficiency. This study revealed a high prevalence of severe vitamin deficiency among the adult living in NCR, more so among urban areas, women, and obese.

The relationship between vitamin D and short-term blood pressure variability.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. One hundred newly diagnosed patients with stage one essential hypertension were included and divided into two groups, the deficient and non-deficient groups, according to their 25(OH)D level. The blood pressure was recorded automatically by a portable ambulatory blood pressure monitor for 24 h. In the present study, there was no significant relationship between vitamin D levels and short-term BPV or other parameters derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (P > 0.05). Age (r = 0.260, P = 0.009), serum phosphorus (r = 0.271, P = 0.007), and cholesterol levels (r = 0.310, P = 0.011) were positively correlated with 25(OH)D levels, while glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.232, P = 0.021) negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. There was no crude or adjusted relationship between the levels of 25(OH)D and any parameters of ABPM in multiple linear regression analysis. Although the relationship between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular diseases has been confirmed, vitamin D deficiency does not cause an increase in cardiovascular risk by influencing the short-term BPV or other parameters derived from ABPM.

The CYP24A1 gene variant rs2762943 is associated with low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in multiple sclerosis patients.

Vitamin D is considered to play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis. A polymorphism in the CYP24A1 gene, rs2762943, was recently identified that was associated with an increased MS risk. CYP24A1 encodes a protein involved in the catabolism of the active form of vitamin D. The immunological effects of carrying the rs2762943 risk allele were investigated, as well as its role as genetic modifier. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) were measured in a cohort of 167 MS patients. In a subgroup of patients, expression levels of major histocompatibility complex class II and co-stimulatory molecules were determined by flow cytometry, and serum levels of pro-inflammatory (interferon gamma, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 10) cytokines and neurofilament light chain were measured by single-molecule array assays. The effect of the rs2762943 polymorphism on disease activity and disability measures was evaluated in 340 MS patients. Compared to non-carriers, carriers of the rs2762943 risk allele were characterized by reduced levels of 1,25(OH)2 D (p = 0.0001) and elevated levels of interferon gamma (p = 0.03) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (p = 0.008), whereas no significant differences were observed for the other markers. The presence of the rs2762943 risk allele had no significant impact on disease activity and disability outcomes during follow-up. However, risk allele carriers were younger at disease onset (p = 0.04). These findings suggest that the CYP24A1 rs2762943 polymorphism plays a more important role in MS susceptibility than in disease prognosis and is associated with lower 1,25(OH)2 D levels and a heightened pro-inflammatory environment in MS patients.

Association of vitamin D and polymorphisms of its receptor with antiviral therapy in pregnant women with hepatitis B.

The interruption of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is considered important to decrease the individual and population morbidity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as well as the global burden of hepatitis B. Serum vitamin D (VD) is associated with hepatitis B. To assess whether baseline VD levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the VD receptor gene (VDR SNPs) are associated with the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in the prevention of MTCT in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads. Thirty-eight pregnant women who were at high risk for MTCT of HBV (those with an HBV DNA level ≥ 2 × 105 IU/mL during 12-24 wk of gestation) receiving antiviral therapy of TDF between June 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 in Mianyang were included in this retrospective study. The women received 300 mg TDF once daily from gestational weeks 24-28 until 3 mo after delivery. To further characterize the clinical relevance of maternal serum HBV DNA levels, we stratified patients according to HBV DNA level as follows: Those with levels < 2 × 105 (full responder group) vs those levels ≥ 2 × 105 IU/mL (partial responder group) at delivery. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], liver function markers, virological parameters, VDR SNPs and other clinical parameters were collected to analyze their association with the efficacy of TDF. The Mann-Whitney U test or t test was used to analyze the serum levels of 25(OH)D in different groups. Multiple linear regressions were utilized to analyze the determinants of the maternal HBV DNA level at delivery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the association of targeted antiviral effects with various characteristics at baseline and delivery. A total of 38 pregnant women in Mianyang City at high risk for MTCT of HBV were enrolled in the study. The MTCT rate was 0%. No mother achieved hepatitis B e antigen or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance at delivery. Twenty-three (60.5%) participants were full responders, and 15 (39.5%) participants were partial responders according to antiviral efficacy. The present study showed that a high percentage (76.3%) of pregnant women with high HBV viral loads had deficient (< 20 ng/mL) or insufficient (≥ 20 but < 31 ng/mL) VD levels. Serum 25(OH)D levels in partial responders appeared to be significantly lower than those in full responders both at baseline (25.44 ± 9.42 vs 17.66 ± 5.34 ng/mL, P = 0.006) and delivery (26.76 ± 8.59 vs 21.24 ± 6.88 ng/mL, P = 0.044). Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with maternal HBV DNA levels [log(10) IU/mL] at delivery after TDF therapy (r = -0.345, P = 0.034). In a multiple linear regression analysis, maternal HBV DNA levels were associated with baseline maternal serum 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.0001, β = -0.446), BMI (P = 0.03, β = -0.245), baseline maternal log10 HBsAg levels (P = 0.05, β = 0.285) and cholesterol levels at delivery (P = 0.015, β = 0.341). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline serum 25(OH)D levels (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.44), maternal VDR Cdx2 TT (OR = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.01-0.88) and cholesterol levels at delivery (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.17-0.87) were associated with targeted antiviral effects (maternal HBV DNA levels < 2 × 105 at delivery). Maternal VD levels and VDR SNPs may be associated with the efficacy of antiviral therapy in pregnant women with high HBV viral loads. Future studies to evaluate the therapeutic value of VD and its analogs in reducing the MTCT of HBV may be justified.

Association between bacterial vaginosis and 25-Hydroxy vitamin D: a case-control study

IntroductionBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis among women of reproductive age. Micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D deficiency, can increase the risk of BV. The findings of previous studies regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and BV were conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between BV and serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D.Materials and methodsThis case-control study was conducted in Gonabad County in 2021. One hundred and twenty-five confirmed BV cases and 125 controls who were matched based on age and intercourse frequency (maximum difference of two days per week) enrolled in the study. Data collection was performed using a demographic and reproductive data questionnaire and a checklist for recording Whiff test results, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, litmus paper observation, and microscopic findings (clue cells). Serum level of vitamin D was evaluated based on enzyme-linked immunoassay method (Monobind kit) from 0.5 ml venous blood drawn from each participant. The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze data.ResultsThe BV cases had significantly lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels than controls. The odds of BV increased with vitamin D deficiency (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39–13.4, p = 0.011, FDR q-value = 0.051), vitamin D insufficiency (AOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.23–10.85; p = 0.020; FDR q-value = 0.053), cigarette/hookah smoking (AOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.23, 10.85; p = 0.020; FDR q-value = 0.053) and lower age at first intercourse (AOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.28; p = 0.004; FDR q-value = 0.048). The odds of BV was 0.80 and 0.78 times lower in participants who had coitus interruptus (AOR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.63; p = 0.006; FDR q-value = 0.048) and condom use (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.79; p = 0.016; FDR q-value = 0.051), respectively, compared to participants who did not use contraceptives.ConclusionThese findings suggested that lower serum vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of developing BV. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results of the present study.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a biomarker of vitamin D status in plaque psoriasis and other dermatological diseases: a cross-sectional study.

Hypovitaminosis D is a public health problem associated with several chronic inflammatory and immunological diseases, including psoriasis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with plaque psoriasis. A comparison was made between vitamin D levels in patients with psoriasis and those with other non-inflammatory dermatoses without photosensitivity. In addition, it evaluated the effects of the patients' Fitzpatrick skin phototype and the season of the year on the serum levels of vitamin D. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient clinic in a university center in Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil. A review of dermatology patients' demographic data, including skin phototype and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], over 12 months in 2016. This study included 554 patients: 300 patients allocated to the plaque psoriasis group and 254 control patients with other dermatological diseases. Regarding the season of the year, 229, 132, 62, and 131 participants were evaluated in summer, autumn, winter, and spring, respectively. As for the skin phototype, 397, 139, and 18 patients had phototypes III, IV, and V, respectively. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in the psoriasis group (24.91 ± 7.16 ng/mL) than in the control group (30.37 ± 8.14 ng/mL). Hypovitaminosis D (< 30 ng/mL) was present in 76.66% of patients with psoriasis versus 53.94% of control patients. Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was observed in 25% of the patients with psoriasis versus 8.66% in the control group (P < 0.001). The season and patient's skin phototype were independent predictors of serum vitamin D levels.

Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is an immune mediated inflammatory disease that involves the innate and acquired arm of immunologic system. The regulatory role for vitamin D in immune system is suggested by presence of vitamin D receptors on activated lymphocytes and suppressive or inhibiting effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in different autoimmune diseases. Hence, the current proposed study aims to study the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with psoriasis.&#x0D; Objective: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis in comparison to healthy control subjects.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study, including forty patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and forty age- and sex-matched control subjects, was conducted from April 2021 to December 2022, at our dermatology department. After informed consent, all patients were subjected to detailed clinical and anthropometric examination. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was evaluated in chronic plaque psoriasis cases and healthy control subjects. Data was be analyzed as per standard statistical protocol.&#x0D; Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in psoriatic group and control group were 18.02 (±SD 9.82) ng/ml and 24.47 (±SD 6.77) ng/ml, respectively. (p=.001) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was negatively correlated with Psoriatic area and severity index (PASI) score (r=-.11). However, this correlation was not significant (p=.493).&#x0D; Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in psoriatic patients than in control subjects.