Serum Levels Of Trace Elements Research Articles

Shining a Light on Trace Elements: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Serum Concentrations in Febrile seizure.

Febrile seizures (FS) are a common occurrence in pediatric patients and are typically triggered by high fevers above 100.4°F (38°C), often associated with viral or bacterial infections such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections. Recent research suggests that the serum concentration of trace elements may play a role in the occurrence of FS. This study aimed to assess the association between serum levels of trace elements and FS in pediatric patients. A comprehensive search of four databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, was conducted up to February 2024. The study followed the PICO structure, focusing on the Population (pediatric patients with FS), Intervention (serum concentrations of selenium, zinc, magnesium, and copper), Comparison (with or without controls), and Outcome (occurrence of FS). The methodological quality of the included observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. Out of a total of 168 papers, 37 met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, covering studies published between 2018 and 2023. Lower serum zinc levels were observed in pediatric patients with FS compared to control groups (SMD: -1.25, 95% CI: -1.47, -1.03). Conversely, higher serum copper levels were found in control groups compared to those with FS (SMD: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.82). Additionally, lower serum magnesium levels were detected in the FS group compared to controls (SMD: -0.76, 95% CI: -1.57, 0.05), while serum selenium levels were approximately two times lower in the FS group than in controls (SMD: -2.23, 95% CI: -2.76, -1.70). Our meta-analysis suggests that pediatric patients with FS have lower serum concentrations of trace elements compared to controls. Further research is warranted to elucidate the potential role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of FS. This meta-analysis and systematic review was registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024519163). Registry URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024519163 registry number: CRD42024519163.

Serum vitamins and trace elements in vitiligo patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

AbstractVitiligo is one of the most common pigmentary skin disorders, which significantly impacts the quality of life. The aetiology and pathophysiology of vitiligo are still unclear, but one of the proposed mechanisms is oxidative damage interrupting melanogenesis. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the serum levels of trace elements and vitamins and to systematically review the evidence comparing vitiligo patients with a healthy group. We comprehensively retrieved all studies related to vitiligo and the serum levels of vitamins and minerals from databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID and ISC up to December 2022. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Pooled standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random‐effects models. Our meta‐analysis revealed no significant differences in serum levels of Vitamin B12 and copper. It was concluded that serum concentrations of Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and zinc were lower in vitiligo patients. Conversely, these patients exhibited higher levels of selenium and folic acid compared with healthy individuals. These results might affect the potential use of vitamin and mineral supplementation in vitiligo treatment.

Assessment of trace element and mineral levels in students from Turkmenistan in comparison to Iran and Russia

The objectiveOf the present study was to assess essential trace element and mineral levels in serum, hair, and urine of healthy first-year students from Turkmenistan (n = 73) in comparison to students from Iran (n = 78) or Russia (n = 95). Materials and methodsExamination of foreign students was performed within two days after arrival to Russia during medical examination prior admission to RUDN University. Serum, hair, and urine trace element and mineral levels were assessed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ResultsThe data demonstrate that the levels of trace elements and minerals in students from Turkmenistan share high similarity to elemental profiles of students from Iran. In comparison to students from Russia, subjects originating from Iran and Turkmenistan are characterized by lower serum cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn) levels, higher urinary Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn, lower urinary Co and hair Mo, Se, and Zn content. Concomitantly, students from Turkmenistan were characterized by lower urinary Cr and Cu, serum Cu and V levels, higher circulating Zn concentration, as well as the lower hair Cr, Cu, iodine (I) and magnesium (Mg) content in comparison to Iranian subjects. The discriminant analysis demonstrated that hair, serum, and urinary trace element and mineral levels contributed to complete discrimination between the groups of students from different countries. ConclusionsThe high similarity of trace element and mineral status of students from Turkmenistan and Iran is expected to be mediated by similar geochemical conditions in the bordering countries.

Association between serum trace element, mineral, and amino acid levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult women

The objective of the present study is assessment of serum trace element and amino acid levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with subsequent evaluation of its independent associations with markers of liver injury and metabolic risk. Materials and methods140 women aged 20–90 years old with diagnosed NAFLD and 140 healthy women with a respective age range were enrolled in the current study. Analysis of serum and hair levels of trace elements and minerals was performed with inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Serum amino acid concentrations were evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. In addition, routine biochemical parameters including liver damage markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), were assessed spectrophotometrically. ResultsThe findings demonstrated that patients with NAFLD were characterized by higher ALT, GGT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (CE) activity, as well as increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid. NAFLD patients were characterized by reduced serum and hair Co, Se, and Zn levels, as well as hair Cu content and serum Mn concentrations in comparison to controls. Circulating Ala, Cit, Glu, Gly, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Tyr levels in NAFLD patients exceeded those in the control group. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that serum and hair trace element levels were significantly associated with circulating amino acid levels after adjustment for age, BMI, and metabolic parameters including liver damage markers. ConclusionIt is proposed that altered trace element handling may contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis through modulation of amino acid metabolism.

Effect of royal jelly on chronıc lıver and kıdney damage ınduced by cadmıum chlorıde ın rats

Forty eight rats were used to evaluate the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) against chronic liver and kidney damage induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). In the histopathology of the CdCl2 group, the findings of inflammation and necrosis in liver sections, inflammation in kidney sections, proximal tubule degeneration and adiposity in the glomerulus were similar to the histopathological findings in the CdCl2 + RJ group. In immunohistochemical staining, it was determined that Caspase-3, Iba-1, KIM-1 and Tnf-a immunoreactivities in the liver and kidney tissue sections of the CdCl2-only group (Group III) were significantly increased compared to the control groups (Groups I, II). In the CdCl2 + RJ applied group (Group IV), Caspase-3, Iba-1, KIM-1 and TNF-α immunoreactivities were observed to be partially reduced compared to the CdCl2 (Group III) group. It was determined that AST, ALT, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and creatinine levels increased in the CdCl2 group and decreased in the CdCl2 + RJ group. While MDA levels increased in the group given only CdCl2 (Group III) compared to the control groups (Groups I, II), GSH levels decreased. In the CdCl2 + RJ group (Group IV), it was determined that MDA levels decreased and GSH levels increased compared to the CdCl2 (Group III) group. While the amounts of cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium and calcium in the liver tissue homogenates increased significantly in the CdCl2 group, it was observed that they decreased numerically in the CdCl2 + RJ group. This result shows that royal jelly application against CdCl2 toxicity does not prevent liver and kidney tissue damage, but can bring serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and trace element levels closer to control group levels.

Serum trace element levels and activity of enzymes associated with oxidative stress in endometriosis and endometrial cancer.

Endometriosis and endometrial cancer are closely related to oxidative stress. However, the direct relationship between copper and zinc levels and oxidative stress in the extracellular and intracellular space remains unclear. The presented study is focused on the determination of serum Zn and Cu levels, glutathione concentration and enzyme activity in three groups: patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC), patients diagnosed with endometriosis (EM), and a healthy control group. Spectrophotometric determination of trace elements revealed that levels of zinc and copper were lower in blood plasma of patients with endometriosis as compared with the other groups; however, there were no significant differences in the Cu/Zn ratio. Furthermore, significantly increased blood serum glutathione levels were detected in both EM and EC groups compared with the control group. While the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was similar across the studied groups, we observed differences in the activity of other enzymes associated with oxidative stress, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), between the control group and the EM and EC patients. Additionally, analysis of gene expression based on free circulating mRNA indicated significant differences in the expression of SOD isoenzymes between the patient groups and the control group; expression of GPx isoenzymes was also altered. Obtained results may have potential application in diagnostics as well as monitoring of endometriosis and endometrial cancer.

Hair and Serum Trace Element and Mineral Levels Profiles in Women with Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate serum and hair trace element and mineral levels in women with osteoporosis, as well as to estimate the impact of menopausal status on the profile of trace element and mineral status in women with osteoporosis. 207 women with diagnosed osteoporosis 22-85 years-of-age, and 197 healthy women of the respective age participated in the present study. Analysis of the levels of mineral and trace element in hair and serum samples was performed by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Women with osteoporosis were characterized by significantly lower hair Ca, Mg, Co, I, Li, and Mn levels, as well as serum Ca, Mg, Co, Fe, V, and Zn concentrations compared to women in the control group. After additional grouping according to menopausal status, the lowest hair Ca and Mg content was observed in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, whereas serum Ca and Mg concentrations were the lowest in premenopausal osteoporotic women. Hair Co, Mn, and Zn levels in postmenopausal osteoporotic women were lower than in healthy postmenopausal women. The lowest circulating Zn levels were observed in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Taken together, decreased hair and serum levels in osteoporotic women are indicative of increased risk of Ca, Mg, Co, and Zn deficiency in women with osteoporosis. In turn, alterations in hair trace element and mineral levels in osteoporosis are more profound in postmenopausal women. Hypothetically, improvement in trace element and mineral metabolism especially in postmenopausal women may be considered as a potential strategy for mitigating osteoporosis.

Associations of thyroid status and thyroperoxidase antibodies with serum trace elements

BACKGROUND: Studies on the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and serum trace elements (TE) are ongoing in different parts of the world, however, the data obtained are often contradictory, which determines the relevance of this study.AIM: The aim of the study was to identify associations between thyroid status and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) with serum TE among young women.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study participants were 859 women aged 18–45, whose Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was in the reference range or above 3.4 µIU/ml and with free Thyroxine (fT4) in the reference range. The exclusion criteria were the presence of menopause and decompensation of chronic diseases. The participants were subdivided into 2 groups: a group of women with TPOAb less than 30 U/ml, designated as TPOAb(-), and a group of women with TPOAb more than 30 U/m, designated as TPOAb (+). The detection of TSH, fT4, and TPOAb in serum was provided by enzyme immunoassay on the Evolis Robotized System using “Thyroid — ELISA- TSH, 0.23–3.4 µIU/ml”, “Thyroid — ELISA free T4, 10–23.2 pmol/l”, “Thyroid ELISA — TPOAb<30 U/ml” test systems. The reference values were taken from the instructions of the manufacturer Alkor Bio group (Russia). Logistic regression analysis was applied to adjudge associations between TPOAb status and serum trace elements.RESULTS: The level of fT4 was lower in the AT-TPO (+) group compared to the AT-TPO (-), p=0.006; Triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase was higher in the AT-TPO (+) group compared to the AT-TPO (-). There were more smoking women in the AT-TPO group (-) 4.1% versus 1.3% in AT-TPO (+). It was found that, after adjusting for likely cofounding factors, participants with antibody positivity had significantly lower concentrations of selenium; zinc, iodine, iron. When serum trace elements levels were analyzed in tertiles, the odds ratios TPOAb positivity of tertile 1 were higher that of tertile 3.CONCLUSION: The associations between TPOAb and microelements demonstrate their involvement in autoimmune processes in the thyroid gland.

Association between the levels of serum vitamin D and trace elements and joint health in children with hemophilia

Hemophilia is defined as X-linked recessive bleeding disorder. Recurrent bleeding episodes lead to hemarthrosis.Objectives: to investigate the levels of serum 25(OH) D and trace elements in children with hemophilia A and B and to identify the possible association of these factors with Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). This case-control study was conducted among children with hemophilia A and B. A total of 48 cases were recruited from the hematology units at the Menoufia University Hospital (n = 36) and Sohag University Hospital (n = 12) from December 2020 to February 2022. Forty healthy controls were matched to cases on age, sex and socioeconomic status. Serum zinc and magnesium levels in the hemophilia patients were significantly lower than in the controls, while serum alkaline phosphatase levels in the cases were significantly higher than in the controls. Informed consent was obtained from all the children's parents and ethical approval was acquired from the ethical committee (ID: 5/2020PEDI38), Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. The levels of phosphorus and calcium were the same in two groups. Serum 25(OH) D levels were deficient in 85.4% of the cases and insufficient in 14.6%. None of the hemophilia patients had sufficient levels of serum 25(OH) D. There was no significant correlation between HJHS and the levels of serum trace elements but there was a significant positive correlation between HJHS and annualized bleeding rate and a significant negative correlation between HJHS and serum vitamin D. There was no significant difference regarding the demographic data except for weight and body mass index. The patients had significantly higher weight and body mass index compared to the control group. The levels of serum vitamin D and trace elements were decreased in hemophilia patients, and these low values were associated with the worst joint health.

Therapeutic effect of trace elements on multiple myeloma and mechanisms of cancer process.

In the human body, trace elements and other micronutrients play a vital role in growth, health and immune system function. The trace elements are Iron, Manganese, Copper, Iodine, Zinc, Cobalt, Fluoride, and Selenium. Estimating the serum levels of trace elements in hematologic malignancy patients can determine the severity of the tumor. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy and is characterized by plasma cell clonal expansion in bone marrow. Despite the advances in treatment methods, myeloma remains largely incurable. In addition to conventional medicine, treatment is moving toward less expensive noninvasive alternatives. One of the alternative treatments is the use of dietary supplements. In this review, we focused on the effect of three trace elements including iron, zinc and selenium on important mechanisms such as the immune system, oxidative and antioxidant factors and cell cycle. Using some trace minerals in combination with approved drugs can increase patients' recovery speed. Trace elements can be used as not only a preventive but also a therapeutic tool, especially in reducing inflammation in hematological cancers such as multiple myeloma. We hope that the prospect of the correct use of trace element supplements in the future could be promising for the treatment of diseases.

Co-delivery of streptomycin and hydroxychloroquine by labeled solid lipid nanoparticles to treat brucellosis: an animal study

Can brucellosis-related biochemical and immunological parameters be used as diagnostic and treatment indicators? The goal of this project was to look at biochemical parameters, trace elements, and inflammatory factors in the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis after treatment with streptomycin and hydroxychloroquine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (STR-HCQ-SLN). The double emulsion method was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Serum levels of trace elements, vitamin D, CRP, and biochemical parameters were measured in rats involved in brucellosis. The therapeutic effect of STR-HCQ-SLN was compared with that of free drugs. In both healthy and infected rats, serum concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, potassium, and biochemical parameters of the liver were significantly different. By altering the serum levels of the aforementioned factors, treatment with STR-HCQ-SLN had a positive therapeutic effect on chronic brucellosis. Vitamin D levels declined (46.4%) and CRP levels rose (from 7.5 mg to less than 1 mg) throughout the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis. This study showed that by comparing the biochemical parameters and the levels of trace elements in the serum of healthy and diseased mice in the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis, it is possible to get help from other routine methods for diagnosis.

The assessment of serum trace element levels as the diagnostic biomarkers of functional state of broiler chickens.

Elemental analysis is a useful technique for predicting metabolic disorders in broiler chickens. Elemental imbalances are also important for the development of new methods to diagnose the health status of birds that can be implemented on a farm-wide scale. This study aimed to identify elemental markers related to pre-nosological diagnoses of metabolic disorders in broiler chickens. We compared birds given high-protein, high-carbohydrate, and high-fat diets. A control group received the standard diet recommended by the All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry, while experimental Group I received a diet with high-protein content, Group II received a diet with high-carbohydrate content, and Group III received a diet with high-fat content. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for biochemical and elemental analysis. Biochemical analysis was carried out using an automated biochemical analyzer, and the levels of trace elements in the serum were assessed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. We found that the high-protein diet was accompanied by a decrease in chicken body weight, cholesterol, and several elements (i.e., P, Cr, Cu, Zn, and B) as well as an increase in the levels of Ca, Co, and Si. The high-carbohydrate diet led to a significant increase in glucose levels as well as a decrease in the levels of albumin, triglycerides, and Cr, Mn, Se, I, and Cu. Finally, the high-fat diet led to an increase in body weight, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and the elements Cu, Zn, and Si as well as a decrease in the levels of Mg, Cr, and Fe. The determination of the levels of trace elements such as Co, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Cu in chicken blood serum may be an important indicator of the state of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism of poultry stock.

The association between maternal iron, zinc, copper levels in serum and pregnancy outcomes.

To investigate the associations of serum trace elements (iron, zinc, and copper) between women with different pregnancy outcomes. About 774 pregnant women who came to The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang for prenatal examination were investigated. The concentrations of trace elements in the serum of pregnant women in the third trimester were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum trace element levels and the different pregnancy outcomes. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum trace elements levels and hypersensitive-C-reactive-protein. Results of the multiple logistic regression showed that zinc, copper and copper/zinc ratio were found to be associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and zinc was a protective factor (p = 0.002) while copper and copper/zinc ratio as risk factors (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001, respectively) after adjusting for major confounders. It was found that iron and zinc were negatively associated with the risk of moderate or severe anemia (p = 0.022 and p = 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the copper/zinc ratio was positively related to the risk of moderate or severe anemia (p = 0.021). The adjusted relationships between copper and copper/zinc ratio with premature rupture of membranes were statistically significant (p = 0.007 and p = 0.037). Iron and zinc were negatively associated with the risk of chorioamnionitis, while copper and copper/zinc ratio were positively associated with the risk of chorioamnionitis (all p < 0.05). Serum iron, zinc and copper levels are closely related to pregnancy outcomes.

Evaluation of Some Trace Element Levels in Serum and Claw Tissue in Cattle with Different Claw Lesion

Bu çalışmanın amacı; sağlıklı ve çeşitli tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığırlarda serum ve tırnak dokusu krom (Cr), manganez (Mn), demir (Fe), kobalt (Co) bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn) ve selenyum (Se) düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması ve tırnak lezyonu ile iz element düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada 10 sağlıklı sığır ve 30 tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığır olmak üzere toplam 40 sığır kullanıldı. Sağlıklı ve tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığırların tırnak uzunluk ölçüleri ve tırnak sertlik değerleri belirlendi. Her iki grupta serum ve tırnak dokusu iz element düzeylerinin belirlenebilmesi için kan ve tırnak dokusu (tırnak tabanı ve duvarı) örnekleri alındı. Serum ve tırnak dokusu örneklerinde, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn ve Se seviyeleri analiz edildi. Lezyonlu tırnağa sahip sığırların tırnak tabanı sertlik değerinin sağlıklı sığırlara göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Lezyonlu tırnağa sahip sığırların paries ungulae Cr, Mn, Fe, Co ve Se düzeylerinin sağlıklı sığırlara göre yüksek olduğu, sağlıklı sığırların ise paries ungulae Cu düzeyinin tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığırlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Sağlıklı sığırların; tırnak dokusu solea ungulae, Cr, Zn ve Cu düzeylerinin tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığırlara göre daha yüksek, Mn, Fe, Co ve Se düzeylerinin ise tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığırlara göre daha düşük olduğu gözlendi.&#x0D; Sonuç olarak, tırnak lezyonu bulunan sığırlarda tırnak tabanı Cu ve Zn düzeyinin, sağlıklı sığırlara göre daha düşük olduğu gözlendi. Tırnak sağlığı açısından Mn, Zn, Cu ve Se gibi iz elementlerin oldukça önemli olduğu, tırnak tabanı Cu ve Zn seviyesi düşük olan sığırlarda tırnak lezyonu oranının arttığı söylenebilir.

Determination of Serum Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in Bitches with Transmissible Venereal Tumor

Background: This study was conducted to compare the changes in oxidative stress levels with some trace elements in blood serum in healthy bitches and bitches with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Methods: A total of 40 bitches were used in the study. According to the genital organ examinations, healthy bitches constituted the control group (n=20) and those with venereal tumors constituted the TVT group (n=20). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined spectrophotometrically. In addition, some serum trace element levels such as magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) were measured using an ICP-MS analysis device. Result: The serum Se, Mg and Zn levels were lower in the TVT group compared to the control group (p less than 0.01) and serum Fe and Cu levels were higher in the TVT group than in the control group (p less than 0.01). Serum TOS and OSI levels were higher (p less than 0.001) and serum TAS levels were lower (p less than 0.001) in the TVT group compared to the control group. The study results showed that oxidative stress is high in bitches with TVT, and in parallel with this, changes occur in the amount of certain trace elements that are associated with oxidative stress.

The effect of pimobendan and enalapril use on blood serum trace element levels in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Background and objectiveMyxamatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is a common acquired heart disease in dogs that can lead to progressive and long-term congestive heart failure (CHF). Pimobendan and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are commonly used in MMVD treatment. Trace elements are essential for maintaining cardiovascular functions. Synergistic or antagonistic interactions between some trace elements and substances are widely known. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment duration, age, weight and gender on serum trace element levels in dogs with MMVD by using pimobendan and enalapril as monotherapy. Material-Methods13 dogs with MMVD were treated with pimobendan (0.25–0.3 mg/kg, q12h, PO Vetmedin®) and 21 dogs with MMVD were treated with enalapril (0.25–0.5 mg/kg, q12h, PO Enapril®) for at least 30 days. The serum trace element levels (Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Mg, Mn, Se, Cr) of all patients were measured with Inductively coupled plasma-Optical emission spectroscopy device. Relevances were evaluated related to treatment duration, age, weight and gender in each treatment group. ResultsAdjusted R2 values of the model, which included treatment, treatment duration, treatment x duration interaction, age, weight and gender as predictors, were negative except for Se. Furthermore, the model explained only 10.4% of the variation in Se. The effect of age was significant in the model of Se (β = 0.462; P = 0.028). Treatment duration also tended to be significant in the prediction of Se concentration (β = -0.364; P = 0.086). ConclusionWe consider that treatment (enalapril vs. pimobendan), treatment duration, treatment x duration interaction, weight and gender were not good predictors of trace elements. In our study, age contributed significantly only to the Se level.

An evaluation of trace elements and oxidative stress in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Vertigo and Dizziness are a common complaint among the reasons for applying to the ear nose throat clinic. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of perpheric vertigo. Oxidative stress is caused by the formation of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, which are reactive oxygen derivatives (ROS). The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between complaints and serum trace element and oxidative stress levels in patients with BPPV. This study was conducted with 66 adult patients who presented to the ENT policlinic with the complaint of vertigo and were diagnosed with BPPV between May 2020 and September 2020. Blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with BPPV to measure serum Zn and Cu levels and oxidative stress levels during an attack. The mean ages of the study patients and healthy controls were 45.7 ± 15.1 and 44.7±13.2. Female / Male ratio were 28(42.5%)/38(57.5%) and 32(48.5%)/34(51.5%) in study and control group. We found serum Cu levels were lower in the patient group (p <0.05). Serum Total Thiol and Native Thiol values were lower in patients with BPPV. Total Thiol results were statistically significant.(p<0.05) Disulfide values were significantly higher in the disease group. (P <0.05). Thiol Oxidized / Thiol Reduced ratio (2243.6±6.7/343.8±125.3) was higher in control group. (p<0.05). Serum oxidative stress and trace elements play a role in the pathophysiology of BPPV. We present the cut-off values for Cu and Zn in vertigo patients for the first time in the literature. We think that these cut-off values of the trace elements and thiol/disulfide hemostasis can be used clinically by physicians in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of vertigo.

Analysis of serum calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc, and iron in patients with pre‐eclampsia in Bangladesh: A case–control study

Pre-eclampsia is a particular type of pregnancy condition. Although the primary etiology of pre-eclampsia is unclear, it hypothesizes that the alteration of trace elements and macro-minerals may play a crucial function in the pathogenesis of Pre-eclampsia. Therefore, our research sought to ascertain the serum level of trace elements (zinc, iron) and macro-minerals (sodium, calcium, potassium) and their possible association with pre-eclampsia. The present study was conducted with 74 pre-eclampsia pregnant women (case) and 118 pregnant women having normal blood pressure (controls). Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy determined the serum level of trace components and electrolytes. The researchers discovered notable differences in maternal age, gestational period, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and creatinine level. Results of serum analysis revealed that calcium (52.06 ± 3.71 mg/L vs. 65.93 ± 2.57 mg/L, p < 0.05) and potassium (63.44 ± 5.33 mg/L vs. 102.54 ± 4.25 mg/L, p < 0.001) concentrations were substantially lower in the patient group than in control. Serum zinc (0.34 ± 0.02 mg/L vs. 0.52 ± 0.02 mg/L, p < 0.001) and iron (0.38 ± 0.03 mg/L vs. 0.46 ± 0.02 mg/L, p < 0.05) concentration were also considerably decreased in pre-eclampsia participants compared with a pregnant normotensive group. Pearson's correlation research results in the patient group revealed a connection between trace elements or macro minerals. In addition, the systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with sodium (r = 0.392, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with potassium (r = -0.257, p < 0.05) in the control group. This study concludes that calcium, potassium, iron, and zinc levels were lower, whereas sodium levels were higher in Bangladeshi pre-eclampsia patients compared to controls. These findings with Pearson's correlation and the inter-element relationship between the patient and a control subject results can act as critical indication factors for patients with pre-eclampsia in Bangladesh and, as a result, may require a higher intake of calcium, potassium, iron, and zinc for effective therapeutic intervention and reduce the intake of sodium.

The Contributions of Trace Elements on Molecular Subtype-Specific Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Although growing studies have reported the disturbances of trace elements (TEs) homeostasis was closely associated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC), the clinical value of TEs in CRC with different molecular subtypes was largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the correlation between KRAS mutations/MSI status and serum TEs levels in patients with CRC. Methods: The serum concentrations of 18 TEs were detected by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). MSI status (two mononucleotides: BAT25, BAT26, three dinucleotides: D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250), KRAS (G516T, G517A, G518C, G520T, G521A, G522C, and G532A) mutations were detected by the multiplex fluorescent PCR and the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. The correlations among KRAS mutations/MSI status, demographic and clinical characteristics, and TEs were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was adopted to minimize differences between groups. Before PSM, 204 CRC patients were recruited in this study, including 123 KRAS-negative patients and 81 KRAS-positive patients according to the test results of KRAS mutations, and 165 MSS patients and 39 MSI patients based on MSI detection. After PSM, the serum concentration of Mn was significantly lower in CRC patients with KRAS mutations than those without KRAS mutations, and a significant negative correlation was observed between Mn and Pb in the KRAS-positive cases. CRC patients carrying MSI had a significantly lower level of Rb compared to MSS patients. Importantly, Rb was significantly positively correlated with Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in patients with MSI. Collectively, all our data indicated that the occurrence of different molecular events might be accompanied by different alterations in types and levels of serum TEs. Conclusions: CRC patients with different molecular subtypes presented different alterations in types and levels of serum TEs. Mn was significantly negatively correlated with the KRAS mutations, and Rb was noticeably negatively correlated with the MSI status, indicating certain TEs might contribute to the pathogenesis of molecular subtype-specific colorectal cancer.

Investigation of Serum Trace Element Levels of Nigerian Women at a Late Stage of Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Minerals such as selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese often referred to as antioxidant trace elements have been recognized as modulators of oxidative stress-induced conditions. Due to this very crucial function, their constant monitoring during gestation is not only encouraged but desirable. Aim: The study aims to evaluate serum levels of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se during gestation. Materials and Methods: Forty third-trimester pregnant women (29 weeks to term) attending antenatal clinics at maternity centers within the Osogbo metropolis as well as 40 apparently healthy women, age matched, and nonpregnant that served as controls were participants for the study. Serum obtained from 5 mL of blood was used for the elemental study (inductive computerize plasma emission spectrometry). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance was P &lt; 0.05. Results: Concentrations of serum trace elements (Zn, Mn, and Cu) levels were significantly lower, but selenium was significantly higher in pregnant women compared to the control group. Correlation results revealed a relationship only between copper and manganese. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Nigerian pregnant women in the Osogbo metropolis are at risk of zinc, copper, and manganese depletions. This suggests that both the fetus and pregnant mother may be susceptible to oxidative stress-induced conditions.