Serum Levels Of Interleukin Research Articles

Impacts of genetic polymorphisms and cancer cachexia on naldemedine pharmacokinetics and bowel movements in patients receiving opioid analgesics.

Clinical responses to naldemedine vary between individuals with advanced cancer. This is a prospective, single-center, observational study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms and cachexia status on plasma naldemedine and clinical responses. Forty-eight patients being treated with naldemedine for opioid-induced constipation under treatment of cancer pain were enrolled. Plasma naldemedine concentrations were determined on the fourth day or later after administration of naldemedine, and the associations with genotypes, cachexia status, and clinical responses were assessed. Cancer patients exhibited a large variation in the plasma naldemedine concentrations, and it was correlated with serum total protein level. Patients who were homozygous CYP3A5*3 had a higher plasma concentration of naldemedine than those with the *1 allele. ABCB1 genotypes tested in this study were not associated with plasma naldemedine. A negative correlation was observed between the plasma naldemedine concentration and 4β-hydroxycholesterol level. The plasma naldemedine concentration was lower in patients with refractory cachexia than in those with precachexia and cachexia. While serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acute-phase proteins were higher in patients with refractory cachexia, they were not associated with plasma naldemedine. A higher plasma concentration of naldemedine, CYP3A5*3/*3, and an earlier naldemedine administration after starting opioid analgesics were related to improvement of bowel movements. Plasma naldemedine increased under deficient activity of CYP3A5 in cancer patients. Cachectic patients with a higher serum IL-6 had a lower plasma naldemedine. Plasma naldemedine, related to CYP3A5 genotype, and the initiation timing of naldemedine were associated with improved bowel movements.

Effects of Early Enteral Nutrition on Nutritional Status and Immune Function in Colon Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy

This study aimed to assess the effects of early enteral nutrition on nutritional status as well as immune function in colon cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A cohort of 120 patients, admitted between January 2021 and December 2022, was selected, and divided into two groups using a double-blind random sampling approach. The control group (n = 60) received early parenteral nutrition, while the study group (n = 60) was administered an early enteral nutrition suspension. Both groups underwent conventional chemotherapy. Post-intervention analysis revealed that serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, immunoglobulin A, G, and M were significantly enhanced in the study group compared to the control group. Conversely, serum levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced. Furthermore, quality of life scores improved in both groups post-intervention, with the study group demonstrating a more pronounced improvement. The study group also exhibited a lower incidence of adverse reactions. In conclusion, early enteral nutrition support in colon cancer patients receiving chemotherapy significantly promoted their nutritional and immune status, reduced the incidence of adverse reactions, and consequently improved their quality of life.

Association between Serum Insulin and Interleukin-6 levels with Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Iraqi Women

Background: Obesity rates are increasing day by day affecting all populations at different ages. The most prevalent kind of cancer among women worldwide is breast cancer, with increasing rates in the present time and in the future. Substantial connections between obesity and breast cancer are demonstrated. Elevated circulating levels of insulin and interleukin-6 have a substantial link to obesity and breast cancer development. Objective: This study aimed to examine the serum levels of insulin and interleukin-6 in postmenopausal breast cancer patients and to study the connection between these biomarkers and breast cancer development. Method: In this research, 120 postmenopausal women actively participated., 30 had a body mass index of >30kg/m2 diagnosed with breast cancer and considered as obese (group 1), 30 with a body mass index of <30kg/m2 with breast cancer and considered as not obese (group 2), 30 had a body mass index of >30 kg/m2 who were apparently healthy and were obese (group 3), and 30 participants with a body mass index of <30 kg/m2 , were apparently healthy and were not obese (group 4). Five millilitres of venous blood were provided by each individual. Insulin and interleukin-6 levels in the blood were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits. Results: Serum insulin levels were higher in the groups of obese participants (groups 1 and 3) than the groups of non-obese participants (groups 2 and 4), serum levels of interleukin-6 were the lowest in the healthy control group without obesity (group 4). Substantial moderate correlation was found between body mass index and both insulin and interleukin-6. Postmenopausal breast cancer risk is increased with elevations of serum insulin and interleukin-6. Conclusions: Elevated levels of serum interleukin-6 and insulin were linked to higher body mass index. In addition, in addition interleukin-6 elevated levels were linked to the cancer state of the non-obese patients. Risk of breast cancer increased with higher levels of circulating insulin and intereukin-6. Received: Mar,, 2023 Accepted: May, 2023 Published: Jan.2023

Clinical significance of serum levels of ferritin, interleukins 6 and 17A in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by significant clinical polymorphism. To optimize the treatment of RA, it is necessary to develop a personalized approach based on the determination of the value of various biomarkers in the clinical course of RA. The aim of this work was to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ferritin in RA and to establish their effect on the clinical course of RA. Methods. The object of the study was 62 patients with RA and 33 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), and ferritin were determined. The study of the interrelationships of the studied indicators with clinical and laboratory-instrumental parameters was carried out. Results. The study found an increase in the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-17A, as well as ferritin in RA compared with the control group (p<0.05). Subsequently, all patients were divided into three groups depending on the level of ferritin established in the study. The presence of differences in the main clinical and immunological parameters between the groups was analyzed. Differences in CRP levels were found between the study groups, it was the lowest in the low ferritin group compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). The levels of IL-17A and IL-6 did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. Serum ferritin is a promising and affordable biomarker in RA and can be used for personalized assessment of the condition of a patient with RA, differential diagnosis of anemia, and risk assessment of macrophage activation syndrome. The pathogenetic pathways of ferritin regulation in RA require further study.

Assessment of association between interleukin 6 gene variant and its serum level in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a sample of Egyptian population

Abstract Background Researches in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had shown signs of inflammation with inflammatory markers that had pivotal role in COPD. some studies proposed that elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with negative impact on lung functions but up to our knowledge, no studies were performed to correlate the genotypes of IL-6 with COPD patients in Egyptian and middle east populations. Objectives To study both the correlation of serum level of IL-6 as well as its gene variant (also known as G174C)) as possible genetic marker for COPD patients in Egyptian patients. Materials and methods This study is case-control that enrolled ninety participants; it consisted of two groups. Group I included 45 patients who were diagnosed as stable COPD; Group II included 45 healthy participants. After full clinical and pulmonary functions assessment of all participants, blood samples were collected from both groups for the detection serum level of IL-6 by ELISA and the detection of IL6 variant by TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Results Our study revealed that there was statistically significant increase in serum level of interleukin-6 in COPD patients compared to normal individuals (P value <0.001) and the presence of G/G variant of interleukin 6 gene in COPD patients more than normal subjects with frequency of 84.4% and 53.3% for COPD patients and healthy controls respectively. There was significant correlation between the serum level of interleukin-6 and COPD staging (P value <0.007). Conclusion The genotype GG variant of IL6 contributes to the prediction of COPD and may be used as a marker for the prediction of COPD risk in Egyptian population. Serum level of IL6 is markedly higher in COPD patients and can be used as a parameter of correlation with COPD stages.

Assessing the Predictive Accuracy of IL-6, CRP, PCT, and D-Dimer for Mortality in COVID-19 ICU Patients

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) where mortality remains high. Biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer have been explored as predictors of disease severity and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 325 COVID-19 ICU patients at IBN Sina Diagnostic Imaging Center, Dhaka, from September 2020 to December 2021. Serum levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT, and D-dimer were measured upon ICU admission. Mortality outcomes were recorded, and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between elevated biomarker levels and mortality. The predictive value of each biomarker was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Elevated IL-6 (≥30 pg/mL), CRP (≥100 mg/L), PCT (≥0.5 ng/mL), and D-dimer (≥1 µg/mL) were significantly associated with higher mortality (p<0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was 45.2%, with IL-6, CRP, PCT, and D-dimer showing odds ratios of 2.8, 2.1, and 3.2, respectively, for mortality risk. The combination of all four biomarkers yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87, indicating high predictive accuracy. Conclusion: IL-6, CRP, PCT, and D-dimer levels serve as important prognostic markers for mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The combination of these biomarkers improves predictive accuracy, helping guide clinical decisions and optimize patient care in ICU settings.

The Comparison of Serum Interleukin-8 Levels Based on Severity of Liver Cirrhosis.

The molecule known as Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemotactic leukocyte, has been found to have a crucial role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory environment that is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as in the development of liver cirrhosis and cancer. The aim of this study was to carefully examine the role of IL-8 in the inflammatory reaction and to compare the levels based on the severity of liver cirrhosis. The study was conducted from February 2018 to September 2018 at the Gastroenterohepatology Division, Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The study was designed as an analytic comparative, cross-sectional study. The liver cirrhosis patients who participated in this study met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent. A total of 70 patients were included in the study, from which we identified 1 individual with child-pugh A, 28 individuals with child-pugh B, and 41 individuals with child-pugh C. The serum level of IL-8 was found to be 98 (11-320) (pg/ml). The IL-8 levels between child-pugh B and C patients did not exhibit any noteworthy differences during our analysis (p = 0.109, p>0.05). There is no notable inequality in the levels of IL-8 across different stages of liver cirrhosis.

Serum Levels of Interleukins 6 And 8 In Malnourished Children with Acute Diarrhea: A Case-Control Study

Serum Levels of Interleukins 6 And 8 In Malnourished Children with Acute Diarrhea: A Case-Control Study

Оценка эффективности тофацитиниба, упадацитиниба и олокизумаба у больных ревматоидным артритом в реальной клинической практике

Aim: to perform an indirect comparative analysis of changes over time in clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients who receive tofacitinib (TOFA), upadacitinib (UPA), and olokizumab (OKZ) in real clinical practice. Patients and Methods: the study included 30 patients with advanced RA and moderate or high activity (DAS28-ESR score) who had ineffective prior therapy with methotrexate, leflunomide, or genetically engineered biological drugs for at least 6 months. The patients were divided into three groups: 10 patients received TOFA 5 mg twice daily, 10 patients received UPA 15 mg daily, and 10 patients received OCZ 64 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks. The patients underwent examination before treatment, as well as after 3 and 6 months. The serum level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured using multiplex xMAP technology on the Bio-PlexTM 200 System analyzer (BIO-RAD, USA). Results: treatment with TOFA, UPA, and OCZ was associated with a decrease in DAS28-ESR, CDAI, SDAI, and HAQ-DI scores after 3 months. After 6 months, UPA was found to be superior to TOFA in terms of reducing CDAI and SDAI. Treatment with TOFA resulted in a decrease in IL-6 levels after 3 and 6 months. The study found that UPA did not have an effect on IL-6 levels. However, therapy with OCZ resulted in an increase in IL-6 levels after 3 months, followed by a decrease after 6 months. Despite this, IL-6 levels did not return to baseline values. Conclusion: the results of the study suggest that there are differences in the clinical effects of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and OCZ in RA patients. Nevertheless, all drugs were found to be effective in suppressing RA activity, regardless of baseline IL-6 levels and changes during treatment. KEYWORDS: rheumatoid arthritis, interleukin 6, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, olokizumab, disease activity, therapy efficacy. FOR CITATION: Lapkina N.A., Baranov A.A., Leont'eva E.A., Amirdzhanova V.N., Kolin'ko A.A., Ashikhmin G.M. Efficacy of tofacitinib, upadacitinib and olokizumab in rheumatoid arthritis in real clinical practice. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2024;8(2):51–59 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2024-8-2-1.

Xinfeng Capsule Inhibits Pyroptosis and Ameliorates Myocardial Injury in Rats with Adjuvant Arthritis via the GAS5/miR-21/TLR4 Axis.

This study probed the mechanism of action of Xinfeng Capsule (XFC) in myocardial injury in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) via the growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5)/microRNA-21 (miR-21)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis. Rats were injected with Freund's complete adjuvant to establish a rat model of AA. Then, some modeled rats were given normal saline or drugs only, and some modeled rats were injected with adeno-associated viruses or necrosulfonamide (NSA; a pyroptosis inhibitor) before drug administration. Toe swelling and arthritis index (AI) were calculated. Pathological and morphological changes in synovial and myocardial tissues were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and pyroptotic vesicles and the ultrastructural changes of myocardial tissues were observed with transmission electron microscopy. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured in myocardial tissues, accompanied by the examination of GAS5, miR-21, TLR4, nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) p65, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression in myocardial tissues. After AA modeling, rats presented with significantly increased toe swelling and AI scores, synovial and myocardial tissue damage, elevated pyroptotic vesicles, and markedly enhanced serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α, accompanied by significantly diminished GAS5 expression, substantially augmented miR-21, TLR4, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD expression, greatly increased LDH release in myocardial tissues. XFC treatment significantly declined toe swelling, AI scores, synovial and myocardial tissue damage, and the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in AA rats. Additionally, XFC treatment markedly elevated GAS5 expression and substantially lowered LDH release and miR-21, TLR4, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD expression in myocardial tissues of AA rats. Moreover, the above effects of XFC in AA rats were further promoted by GAS5 overexpression or NSA treatment. XFC alleviated myocardial injury in AA rats by regulating the GAS5/miR-21/TLR4 axis and inhibiting pyroptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Association between Cumulative Dose of Brick Dust with Serum Levels of Interleukin-4 and Lung Function Among Brick Makers in Badung, Bali

Background: Brickmakers have a high risk of occupational lung diseases. Dust particles that are inhaled continuously for a long time and exceed the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) can cause lung damage. When inhaled particles are not efficiently cleared from the lungs, damaged macrophages will activate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), chemokines, and cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced by T helper-2 (Th2) then stimulates tissue proliferation and remodeling. Inflammation may occur as a result of either changes in epithelial permeability or mucus hypersecretion is associated with pulmonary function disorders. Methods: We conducted an observational analytic study among brickmakers in Badung, Bali with 24 subjects. Therefore, IL-4 levels and lung function were examined. The cumulative dose of dust is determined by multiplying the Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and the exposure time. Total Suspended Particles were measured using the gravimetric method with a Middle Volume Sampler (MVS). The association was analysed using Chi Square test, and then Relative Prevalence (PR) was assessed. Results: A significant relationship was found between high cumulative doses of dust and pulmonary function disorder (p = 0.018). High-exposed workers have an 11.4 times greater risk of experiencing lung function disorders compared to a low cumulative dose of dust. However, there was no significant relationship between the cumulative dose of dust and IL-4 levels (p = 1.00). Conclusion: Our results suggested a significant association between the cumulative dose of brick dust with lung function but no significant association with IL-4 levels.

Codonopsis Radix Inhibits the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mice through Regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a nonspecific chronic inflammatory lung disease with no known cure. Codonopsis Radix (CR) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of different CR varieties on COPD mice. Methods: Sixty male-specified pathogen-free grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 mice in each group. The COPD mice model was induced by cigarette smoke extract combined with lipopolysaccharide, and the mice in each group were given corresponding drugs. Lung function was assessed in all mice. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff stains, and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected using an ELISA. Further, serum and lung tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by colorimetric assay. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict signaling pathways, which were validated by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with the COPD group, the mice in each dosing group of CR exhibited significant reductions in serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels, serum and lung tissue MDA levels, and pathological lung tissue damage, alongside elevations in lung function and SOD levels (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis also indicated significant downregulation of p-p65/p65 and p-IκB-α/IκB-α protein expression, alongside significant upregulation of Nrf2 protein expression in the lung tissues of mice treated with CR (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In summary, CR effectively enhances lung function, minimizes lung tissue damage, and inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in mice with COPD. Additionally, these findings suggest that inhibition of the Nrf2/NF-κB axis may be a key mechanism of action of CR in the alleviation of COPD.

Effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of rifaximin and probiotics for the correction of intestinal permeability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The prospective interventional randomized investigation included 68 patients with MAFLD in combination with type 2 diabetes, who were examined and divided into the 2 groups of treatment. Results: The serum levels of interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-10 and zonulin, indicators of liver functional activity, liver attenuation coefficient between treatment group vs. control group after 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 and 6 months of therapy were significant differed. The serum levels of IL-6 and zonulin significantly decreasing and increasing of IL-10 in the treatment group after 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months of combined therapy. When comparing of stool short-chain fatty acids concentration between treatment group vs. control group after 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 and 6 months of therapy the levels of acetic, butyric and propionic acids significantly differences and increase in their levels were established. Conclusions: The results of the study in dynamics during 6 months show that the additional appointment of rifaximin, multispecies probiotic and prebiotic to metformin in patients with MAFLD and type 2 diabetes led to the elimination of subclinical inflammation, modulation of the permeability of the intestinal barrier and lowering increased intestinal permeability, as well as to the lower serum activity of liver aminotransferases and decrease the stage of steatosis.

Metabolomics of interventional effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and its processed products on oral ulcer due to excess heat in rats

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was employed to examine the impact of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) and its processed products on the metabolism in the rat model of oral ulcer due to excess heat and to compare the effectiveness of CR and its three products. Male SD rats were randomly allocated to the sham-operation(Sham), model(M, oral ulcer due to excess heat), CR, wine/Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens/Euodiae Fructus processed CR(wCR/zCR/eCR), and Huanglian Shangqing Tablets(HST) groups. Except the Sham group, the other groups were administrated with Codonopsis Radix-Astragali Radix decoction by gavage for two consecutive weeks. The anal temperature and water consumption of rats were monitored throughout the modeling period of excess heat. Following the completion of the modeling, oral ulcer was modeled with acetic acid. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the mucosal pathological changes in oral ulcer. A colorimetric assay was employed to determine the serum level of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was conducted to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the serum. The non-targeted metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was conducted on the serum samples. Metabolic profiles were then built, and the potential biomarkers were screened by principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The Mev software was used to establish a heat map and conduct cluster analysis on the quantitative results of the markers. The online databases including MBRole, KEGG, and MetaboAnalyst were used for pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic network building. The experimental results showed that the modeling led to pathological damage to the oral mucosa, elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA, and lowered levels of SOD and GSH-Px in rats. The drug administration recovered all the indices to varying extents, and wCR exhibited the best performance. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 48 differential metabolites including 27 metabolites in the positive ion mode and 21 metabolites in the negative ion mode. Five enriched pathways were common, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. Conclusively, CR and its three processed products could alleviate the inflammation and oxidative stress injury in rats suffering from oral ulcers due to excess heat by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism. Notably, wCR demonstrated the most significant therapeutic effect.

Effects of TCM external scalding therapy on spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache and inflammatory indexes.

To determine the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) external scalding therapy on spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache. The medical records of 98 patients with spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 2019 to January 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 52 patients treated with western medicine were assigned to the control group, while the other 46 patients treated additionally with TCM external scalding therapy were assigned to the observation group. The two groups were compared in terms of serum gastrin (GAS), inflammatory factors and visual analogue scale (VAS) score, adverse reaction rate and symptom remission time. After treatment, the observation group showed a significantly lower GAS level than the control group (P<0.05), along with significantly lower serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) than the control group (all P<0.05). The observation group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group experienced notably shorter remission time of dull epigastric pain, epigastric distension, fatigue and belching and acid reflux than the control group (all P<0.05), and a significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions was found in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that history of alcoholism and treatment method were independent risk factors affecting patient outcomes (all P<0.05). TCM external scalding therapy has shown effectiveness in treating spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache. It alleviates stomachache symptoms and also reduces the occurrence of adverse reactions and inflammation, holding great potential for widespread adoption in clinical practice.

Influence of dietary and lifestyle factors on levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in obese subjects.

The low-grade inflammation occurring in obese individuals leads to many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary patterns, food groups or nutrients in a well-balanced diet may reduce the level of pro-inflammatory markers and the risk of obesity-related morbidities. Our study aims to describe three cytokines in obese patients in relation to dietary habits, lifestyle and body composition. Serum samples were collected from 84 obese adult volunteer subjects [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] to analyze the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ). The subjects were tested by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and completed a three-day food diary and original questionnaire with the FFQ-6 food consumption frequency questionnaire. Higher serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ were found in patients with atherosclerosis, but the group was too small for a reliable correlation. Subcutaneous but not visceral adipose tissue correlated positively with IL-6 levels. Dietary factors such as amount of sugars, including galactose and sucrose, in the diet and the frequency of consumption of sweet flavored dairy products correlated positively with the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, while the frequency of alcohol consumption negatively correlated with the level of IL-6. The greater the frequency of sports, the higher was the level of IL-6. In obese individuals, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines could predispose to atherosclerosis and is associated with dietary factors and lifestyle.

Prevalence and impact of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 polymorphisms in Egyptian children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Background Recent findings demonstrate that complex immune system dysregulation plays a role in the etiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Aim Aim The current study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 polymorphisms and levels in Egyptian children with ITP. Patients and methods In this case–control study, 25 Egyptian children with newly diagnosed ITP took apart. Their mean age was 9±2.56. They were treated at Tanta University Hospital’s Hematology Unit, Pediatric Department. Furthermore, 25 healthy age-matched and sex-matched children were included as controls. Both groups were subjected to complete blood count, PCR for IL-6 572G&gt;c=rs1800796 and IL-10 627A&gt;C=rs1800872, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurement of serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Results Eight percent of our patients tested positive for IL-6 (572) polymorphism (G/C), 4% tested positive in controls. Meanwhile 4% of cases tested positive for IL-10 (627) polymorphism (A/C), indicating that there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Patients’ levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were considerably higher (P&lt;0.0001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the acute and chronic cases, with the former having a higher level. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and the platelet count showed a statistically significant strong negative correlation. Conclusion IL-10 polymorphisms are thought to play a part in the pathogenesis of childhood ITP. Moreover, IL-6, seems to predict susceptibility to primary ITP in Egyptian children making both promising biomarkers of clinical progression. However, a sizable prospective study is required to find out how cytokine gene polymorphisms affect childhood ITP.

Interleukin-6 and uric acid among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary artery disease.

The type 2 diabetes mellitus is considering as metabolic disorder, the unfavourable long-term outcomes and closely associated with chronic inflammation. The present study investigated to explore the association of interleukin-6 and uric acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Newly diagnosed CAD patients with T2DM (100) and T2DM and CAD patients after 5 years (100) underwent detailed anthropometric, demographic, biochemical and experimental characterization. The serum levels of interleukin 6 were measured by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay. The T2DM and CAD patients after 5 years had significant higher circulating levels of interleukin 6 and significant decreased levels of uric acid. The newly diagnosed CAD patients with T2DM had significant higher circulating levels of interleukin 6. Significant positive correlation was found between fat mass and IL-6, and negative correlation with uric acid and IL-6, (P<0.05). The both the groups of T2DM with CAD patients shown significantly elevated levels of interleukin 6, based on this findings interleukin 6 might be used as early predictable and prognostic marker for CAD in patients with T2DM.

Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle Therapy for Inhibiting T-Cell Mediated Inflammation.

Tolerance induction is critical for mitigating T cell-mediated inflammation. Treatments based on anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) play a pivotal role in inducing such tolerance. Anti-CD3 mAb conjugated with dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) may induce inflammatory tolerance is posited. MNPs conjugated with anti-CD3 mAb (Ab-MNPs) are characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and their distribution is assessed using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Compared to MNPs, 90% of Ab-MNPs increased in size from 54.7±0.5 to 71.7±2.7nm. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic material as nontoxic and biocompatible. Mice are administered various dosages of Ab-MNPs before receiving concanavalin-A (ConA), an inflammation inducer. Preadministration of Ab-MNPs, as opposed to MNPs or anti-CD3 mAb alone, significantly reduced the serum levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-6 in ConA-treated mice. Additionally, the transdermal stamp patch as an effective delivery system for Ab-MNPs is validated. This study demonstrates the utility of the Ab-MNP complex in pathologies associated with T cell-mediated hyperinflammation, such as organ transplantation and COVID-19.

Evaluation of the Serum Levels of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, and C-Reactive Protein in Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women and is the leading cause of global cancer-related mortality. The study aimed to assess the changes in some serum biomarkers linked to immunity responses in Iraqi breast cancer patients and understand their multifaceted role in the disease's progression. The current investigation comprised a cohort of 55 women diagnosed with breast cancer and a control group of 45 healthy participants. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated in the serum of breast cancer patients. The results showed that patients with breast cancer had a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in IL-6, IL-10, and CRP serum concentrations as compared to healthy women. These findings give support to the evidence suggesting that these markers may play an essential role in the progression of breast cancer.