Serum Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis

This report presents and analyzes certain clinical and laboratory findings in 17 patients who were hospitalized repeatedly for diabetic ketoacidosis on a municipal hospital medical service during the early 1970s and the early 1980s. The 17 patients had a total of 92 hospitalizations for ketoacidosis during the survey periods. During the 1970s, most of the frequent recurrences occurred in young women, as has often been noted by others. In recent years, however, the number of patients with frequent recurrences hospitalized at Bronx Municipal Hospital Center has declined, and most of the patients have been young men. There is no obvious explanation for the latter trend. The laboratory findings were analyzed in order to learn whether they were similar in each patient during his or her recurrent admissions. In a few patients, blood pH, hemoglobin concentration, serum glucose level, anion gap, and osmoiarity tended to be similar during their repeated hospitalizations. In the majority of the patients, however, there was significant variation in most of these laboratory indexes, except for the serum osmolarities and blood hemoglobin concentrations. The similarity of the serum osmolarities and hemoglobin concentrations in sequential episodes in most of the patients suggested that a certain severity of dehydration may have been the main factor that led them to seek hospitalization.

Protein-energy intake and malnutrition in Crohn’s disease

A detailed nutrient assessment was made of 23 male and 24 female patients with Crohn's disease who entered sequentially into an outpatient clinic. Assessment included 48-hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and hematological tests appropriate to characterize protein-energy malnutrition. Approximately 40% of patients had energy intakes equal to only two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Three men and five women had relative body weights less than 85% of standard, but body weight was not correlated with energy intake. Relative body weight was correlated with arm muscle circumference in both male and female patients and with triceps skinfold and total lymphocyte count in women. Although the mean protein intake was greater than 150% of the RDA, evidence of protein malnutrition included low arm muscle circumference in 14% of the men and 15% of the women, low serum albumin concentration in 13% of the women, and low total lymphocyte count in one-half of the patients. The Crohn's disease activity index was correlated significantly with serum albumin, energy intake, and duration of disease in men and with serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentration in women. Thus, a reduced relative body weight or reduced serum albumin was not uncommon in patients with Crohn's disease but did not necessarily occur in those with reduced intakes of protein and energy. However, a low relative body weight may indicate need for further nutritional assessment.

Free Serum Hemoglobin in Syringe-Drawn and Vacuum Tube-Drawn Specimens

The amount of free serum hemoglobin produced secondary to in vitro hemolysis during the performance of a venipuncture was evaluated. Blood specimens were drawn using both syringe and vacuum tube apparatus for collection. All specimens were subjected to the same clotting, centrifugation, and separation procedures, and free serum hemoglobin was determined by the benzidine spectrophotometric method. The mean serum hemoglobin concentration of 1.41 mg dL for the syringe-drawn specimens slightly exceeded the normal mean of 1.3 mg dL, while the mean of 8.77 mg/dL for the vacuum tube-drawn specimens significantly exceeded the normal mean. The mean of the vacuum tube specimens represented a significant difference from the mean concentration of the syringe-drawn specimens, as determined by Student's t test at the P ≤ 0.001 level. Although hemolysis occurs to a significant extent with the vacuum tube system, the hemoglobin content of such specimens will not interfere with most clinical laboratory tests.

Serum ferritin and bone marrow haemosiderin in patients with malignancies and in healthy controls.

Serum ferritin has been analysed and bone marrow haemosiderin evaluated in 306 patients with malignancies, mostly lymphomas, and in 46 healthy controls. Also haemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin and liver enzymes were analysed simultaneously. 60% of the patients had serum ferritin above normal values and 20% had values above 1000 micrograms/l. There was a good correlation between serum ferritin and bone marrow iron both in the patients and in the controls, r = 0.67 and r = 0.77, respectively. There was a negative correlation between serum ferritin and haemoglobin concentration in the patients and a positive correlation in the controls. In patients with Hodgkin's disease serum ferritin was related to the stage of the disease.

Biological Effects of Substituting Enriched 54Fe for Natural Iron in Rats

The effect of feeding an enriched stable isotope of iron, 54Fe, to rats was examined. Weanling rats were fed semisynthetic diets in which 54Fe was substituted for all added natural iron for a period of 21 days. Growth; feed conversion; total liver, spleen, and femur iron; serum iron and hemoglobin concentrations; hematocrit; RBC and WBC volume; FEP concentration; kidney and heart aconitase activities; erythrocyte and liver catalase activities; liver microsomal oxidase activity; and pathological lesions did not differ between control and 54Fe enriched animals. Based on the biochemical and histological parameters examined in this study an isotope effect of 54Fe was not observed.iron iron-54 stable isotope isotope effect

The relationship between maternal and infant iron status.

Serum ferritin, iron and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were determined in 103 pregnant women and in the cord of their normal full-term offspring. In 50 of the cases the placental non-haem iron was also measured. The correlations between serum ferritin concentration and other measurements of iron status were similar in both maternal and cord blood suggesting that cord serum ferritin concentration may, as in adults, reflect neonatal iron stores. The inverse relationship found between cord serum ferritin and hb concentrations (r = -0.35, P less than 0.001) suggests that the amount of iron in foetal stores is influenced by that required for Hb. When Hb levels are elevated, as was demonstrated in babies of older mothers, significantly lower serum ferritin were found. Thus a low cord serum ferritin concentration does not necessarily indicate that less iron was transferred to the foetus. Maternal iron reserve, as reflected by serum ferritin concentration, was shown to be related to the amount of non-haem iron in the placenta (r = 0.41, P less than 0.005), but this iron does not seem to form part of foetal iron stores as it does not correlate with measurements of foetal iron status. A week correlation between cord and maternal serum ferritin concentrations was demonstrated (r = 0.21, P less than 0.05) but its biological significance is questionable.

A longitudinal study of serum iron indices and haemoglobin concentration following copper-IUD insertion

The increase in menstrual blood loss associated with copper-bearing IUDs may cause or aggravate pre-existing anaemia. In order to evaluate this risk, 84 Malaysian women wearing copper-IUDs were studied longitudinally by means of serial measurements of blood haemoglobin concentration (Hb), serum iron (S/Fe) and transferrin saturation (T/S). The initial Hb was under 12 gm% in 33.7% of patients. The mean Hb showed no significant change up to 12 months while S/Fe fell significantly at the end of this time; the T/S was significantly reduced as early as 6 months postinsertion. There is a significant risk of anaemia following copper-IUD insertion, particularly with long-term usage. Progestogen-releasing IUDs may offer the most feasible solution to this problem in our local context since oral medication with iron or drugs to reduce menstrual blood loss is not practicable.

Effect of hyperoxia and the protective action of urea on serum hemoglobin, transferrin, and total iron concentrations

During exposure of albino rats to oxygen under a pressure of 4 atm for 1 h (the preconvulsive state) and of 6 atm (convulsive state) an increase in the serum hemoglobin concentration was found. The total ion concentration increased at the same time. By disc electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel, changes in the ratio between the hemoglobin fractions in the serum were found in both stages of oxygen poisoning. An increase in the concentration of transferrins was found during hyperoxia under these conditions. If urea was administered to the animals before the session of hyperbaric oxygenation, the changes observed were less marked.

Effect of oral D-penicillamine treatment on experimental arthritis and associated immune responses in rabbits. III: Reduction of the monoarticular arthritis.

Treatment of rabbits with D-penicillamine at doses up to 30 mg/kg, beginning either before or after the onset of antigen-induced experimental arthritis, diminished the severity of the inflammatory synovitis in a considerable proportion of animals as judged by both external joint measurements and terminal histopathological assessment. D-penicillamine treatment had no effect on serum haptoglobin concentration, haemoglobin concentration, or platelet count. The venous blood white cell count was raised when D-penicillamine treatment was started before immunisation but not when treatment began after the onset of arthritis. A transient loss of appetite was observed in animals starting D-penicillamine treatment.

The functional state of the gastrointestinal tract after ulcer surgery. A ten-year prospective follow-up study.

Of 35 patients operated upon for peptic ulcer and subjected to absorption tests before operation, 26 could be followed up with absorption tests for 1, 6, and 10 years after operation. The following operations had been performed on the latter: antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy in 10, antrectomy with selective vagotomy and gastroduodenostomy in 9, and other operations in 7. None had recurrence of the ulcer or disturbing abdominal complaints during the follow-up period. Ten years after operation there was an increase in the mean value of the Schilling test, and all patients had a normal serum B12 vitamin level. On the other hand, a decrease was noticed in the mean value of the d-xylose test and an increase in that of faecal dry-weight fat content. At the time of the 10th year follow-up examination, 6 patients had an impaired d-xylose absorption and 7 an impaired fat absorption. According to the increase in the mean body weight and the serum protein and haemoglobin concentration, the nutritional status had not worsened.

Associations between polymorphic variety and anthropometric and biochemical variation in two New Guinea populations.

During International Biological Programme studies in Papua New Guinea, on Karkar Island and at Lufa in the Eastern Highlands, information on anthropometric, biochemical and genetic characteristics was collected from the same individuals. Use has been made of this special situation to investigate whether any associations exist between genetic markers and anthropometric and biochemical variation. Those found, and which satisfy criteria established to help in distinguishing real from chance associations, include: P with haemoglobin concentration and serum albumin and cholesterol levels; acid phosphatase with serum albumin level and haemoglobin concentration; anhaptoglobinaemia and serum globulin level; haemoglobin J-Tongariki with serum phosphorus level. The associations are discussed in terms of their arising from the direct result of environmental factors modifying gene expression, chance concordance of environmental and genetic variation, or pleiotropy.

A comparison of the effect of oral contraceptives, pregnancy and sex on iron metabolism.

ABSTRACT Serum iron, TIBC and hemoglobin concentrations were estimated on specimens from a control group of 21 normal women, 72 normal men, 76 women on oral contraceptive therapy and 38 women in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy. All subjects had hemoglobin levels above 12.0 g/100 ml and were not receiving iron therapy. The serum iron concentration was significantly lower in the control group of normal women than in the other 3 groups. The TIBC was significantly higher in the group of subjects taking oral contraceptive preparations than in the other 3 groups. The changes in level of serum iron and in TIBC do not appear to be interdependent, and are probably controlled separately. In 2 subjects studied before, during and after administration of oral contraceptive preparations the rise of TIBC began within 24 hr. The fall at the end of therapy was delayed for about 7 to 10 days, but was then rapid. Serum iron rose during administration in one subject, but not in the other. No significant difference was found ...

Iron absorption in relation to transferrin saturation and other factors.

Attempts have been made in the past to relate iron absorption to the results of blood and serological tests. Pirzio‐Biroli and Finch (1960) looked, without success, for relationships between iron absorption and age, sex, haematocrit, reticulocyte count, plasma iron and marrow iron. Shultz and Smith (1958) using 59Fe labelled eggs, found relationships between iron absorption and age (r=−0.2892), serum iron (r=−0.2430) and haemoglobin concentration (r=−0.1545), in 90 normal children. Wheby and Umpierre (1964) found that saturation of a subject's transferrin by intravenous iron made little difference to the amount of iron absorbed as compared to a control test on the same subject, although the site of deposition of the iron was affected.A study was undertaken to see if there was any relationship between iron absorption and the results of blood and serological tests with special reference to anaemia. In the past, workers have segregated subjects into ‘‘iron deficient’ and ‘normal’ taking some arbitrary dividing line. This is an artificial division. Many cases of iron deficiency develop slowly from persistent iron loss or dietary deficiency, so that many stages between iron repletion and severe iron deficiency are to be found. The subjects in this study were considered as a single group, some being severely iron deficient and anaemic, and others being apparently normal. It was thought that this approach would be more likely to show up any relationships which were present, than would an analysis which involved arbitrary grouping of the subjects.

A study on serum hemoglobin and hemoglobin-binding capacity

Methods have been proposed to measure hemoglobin in serum in the range of 2–20 mg/100 ml. The effect of haptoglobin-binding on the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and the need for proper calibration standards have been discussed. Serum hemoglobin and haptoglobin concentrations should be performed simultaneously.