Serum HDL Research Articles

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (786T/C) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

Objectives to detect eNOS gene polymorphism and its relation to cardiovascular complications in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. Methods CBC, renal and liver function tests, lipid profile, Carotid artery Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) and Brachial artery Intima Media Thickness (BIMT). eNOS gene polymorphism were done in 40 childhood ALL survivors and 40 controls. Results there was no significant difference between survivors and control groups regarding 786T/C polymorphism. There was significant increase in serum Cholesterol, TGs, LDL, VLDL and HbA1c in the TC and CC group more than the TT group while there was significant decrease in serum HDL in the TC and CC group more than the TT group. There was no significant difference as regards echocardiography findings between different polymorphism of 786T/C but there was a significant difference between 786T/C groups as regard to the carotid and brachial arteries intima media thickness (IMT) measurements being significantly higher in the TC and CC group more than the TT group. Conclusion : Carotid and brachial arteries intima media thickness measurements were higher in the survivors when compared to healthy controls. eNOS gene polymorphism may play a role in modifying or developing CVD in pediatric ALL survivors.

Association of Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers With COVID-19 Severity and Outcome

Background: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that has already affected millions of people worldwide. Proinflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 infection change lipid metabolism and profile. This study investigates the association between lipid profile and inflammatory markers with the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients referred to a teaching hospital in Mazandaran Province, Iran, during April-May and July-August 2020. Methods: This study was conducted on 140 patients with COVID-19 based on their clinical symptoms, imaging results, and laboratory findings. Patients were categorized as severe and non-severe groups based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Blood samples (5-7 mL) were collected from patients after 12 hours of fasting. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured using Pars Azmoon Kits (Hitachi Ltd). Results: Of 140 COVID-19 patients, 33.57% had severe and 66.43% had non-severe disease. Patients with severe disease had a significantly lower mean LDL serum level than those with non-severe involvement (56.39±3.62 vs 70.10±3.74 mg/dL) (P=0.023). Patients in the intensive care units had significantly lower HDL, LDL, and cholesterol serum levels than those hospitalized in other parts (P=0.006, P=0.002, and P=0.002, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between HDL serum level and C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P=0.0001 and r=-0.482) and (P=0.01 and r=-0.258), respectively. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between cholesterol level and CRP, triglycerides, and ESR (P=0.016 and P=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: The present study highlights the potential of lipid profiling as a cost-effective and accessible marker to assess COVID-19 severity and prognosis.

Comparable Benefits of Stingless Bee Honey and Caffeic Acid in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on the Brain.

There is mounting evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Honey, which has been used for generations, is high in antioxidants and has been demonstrated to benefit the brain and mental health by reducing oxidative stress and boosting cognitive outcomes. Honey from the stingless bees of Heterotrigona itama has been found to have higher phenolic content compared to other types of honeys. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stingless bee honey (SBH) supplementation and to compare it with a pure form of antioxidant, caffeic acid (CA), on MetS parameters and inflammatory markers in the brains of MetS-induced rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided equally into groups of control, high-carbohydrate high-fructose (HCHF) diet (MetS), HCHF + SBH supplemented (1 g/kg) (SBH), and HCHF + CA supplemented (10 mg/kg) (CA) groups. The total duration for SBH and CA supplementation was eight weeks. The HCHF diet was found to promote hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, and to increase brain TNF-α levels. Supplementation with SBH and CA significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the hyperglycemic and hypertensive effects of the HCHF diet. Although both supplemented groups showed no significant changes to serum HDL or TG, SBH significantly reduced (p < 0.05) brain TNF-α levels and increased (p < 0.05) brain BDNF levels. Immunohistochemistry investigations of neurogenesis (EdU) and apoptosis (TUNEL) on the cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) areas of the hippocampus showed no changes with SBH and CA supplementation compared to the control. These findings suggest that SBH and CA have the potential to mitigate HCHF-induced MetS effects and possess neuroprotective abilities.

Correlation of Vitamin B12 Deficiency with Blood Glucose Level in Pregnant Females of Tertiary Care Hospital, KP

Background: A developing fetus can be adversely affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This condition is prevalent among South Asian women. A contributing factor to GDM is insulin resistance (IR). Only a few B12 and folate markers have been studied in association with GDM and IR, as studies have shown vitamin B12 (B12) and folate status to be associated with GDM. Objective: The current study aimed to determine the association between Vitamin B12 and folate markers and insulin resistance in pregnant women with GDM and NGT. Methods: Pakistani women (29 GDM and 41 NGT) with a mean age of 29 y, BMI, and gestational age of 33 weeks were included in the research. The serum total vitamin B12, and other parameters like folate, methylmalonic acid, plasma homocysteine and 5-methyl tetrachloro folic acid (RCF). The T-tests and chi-squared test and spearman's correlation test were used to determine whether there was any correlation between vitamin B12 and blood glucose levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes. A simple multiple regression analysis was used to see whether B12 and folate status indicators predicted Insulin Resistance (IR). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between NGT and GDM, demonstrating that both groups have the same features. Although a significant difference was found between BMI (p=0.037), Serum Fasting Glucose (p=0.001), HOMA_IR (p=0.001), Serum HDL (p=0.001), Serum TC (p=0.040), and Systolic BP (p=0.001). Women in both groups took iron and folic acid supplements in roughly equal numbers. Still, the GDM group had an excess of women taking multivitamin supplements (P = 0.039) and women taking iron supplements (P=0.001). In Spearman’s analysis HOMA-IR correlated negatively with total serum B12 (P < 0.00). The regression model is statistically significant with (F=1.927, P=0.046) p-value is less than the alpha value. Coefficient of determination R2=0,309, which indicated that 30.9% variation came in the response variable due to the explanatory variable and the rest due to other unknown factors. Practical implication Conclusions: it is concluded that there is a significant correlation between vitamin B12, folate and blood glucose level in Pakistani pregnant women in the third trimester. Moreover, vitamin B12 and folic acid have an impact on fetal health, i.e., weight, length and circumference of the head and chest. Keywords: gestational diabetes Mellitus, HOMA-IR, normal glucose tolerance, Peshawar

Association between serum lipid profile, body mass index and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Sudanese women.

Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. The reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contributes to elevated lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI). To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A prospective analytical case control-study conducted in Khartoum north hospital at Khartoum city, capital of the Sudan from April 2017 to March 2018 after ethical approval obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Alzaeim Alazhary University on the committee meeting number (109) on Wednesday 15th February 2017. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.Two hundred postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The age was studied in one hundred osteoporosis postmenopausal women as a case group and one hundred non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women as control group. The serum lipid profiles were estimated using spectrophotometers (Mandry) and BMI calculated using Quetelet index formula. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16. The BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in case group respectively were (24.846±2.1647, 251.190±27.0135 mg/dl, 168.790 ±45.774 mg/dl, 50.620 ± 7.174 mg/dl, 166.868 ±28.978 mg/dl). While the BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in control group respectively were (25.378 ±3.8115, 187.990 ± 26.611 mg/dl, 139.360±20.290 mg/dl, 49.480 ±4.659 mg/dl, 111.667 ±28.0045 mg/dl). All serum lipid profiles significantly increased (p=0.000) in the case group compared to the control group, except serum HDL was insignificant different between the case and control group and also BMI was insignificant different between the case and control group. There was a positive Pearson's correlation between BMD and serum total cholesterol (r= 0.832, P<0.01), serum LDL (r = 0.782, P<0.01) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.72, P<0.01). Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had a significant increase in serum lipid profile and BMI. Moreover, we found a positive link between women with cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Effect of liver X receptor agonist TO901317 on cognitive function in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease and the underlying mechanism.

The liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and LXR-β is an important receptor for cholesterol content in brain cells. LXR-β/retinoic X receptor (RXR-α)/ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) cholesterol transmembrane transport system is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). LXR agonist TO901317 can affect the accumulation of β- amyloid protein in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice. However, the molecular mechanism is not clarified in detail. This study aims to evaluate the effects of LXR agonist TO901317 on the cognitive function of AD mice fed with high cholesterol diet, and to explore its possible mechanism from the perspective of cholesterol metabolism. Twenty four male 6-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 mice in each group: a control group (fed with normal diet), a cholesterol rich diet (CRD) group, a TO901317 group (fed with CRD combined with TO901317), and a GSK2033 group (fed with CRD combined with TO901317 and LXR antagonist GSK2033). The mice were fed with pellet feed made of high cholesterol feed, mixed with lard, egg yolk powder, and cod liver oil twice a day. TO901317 and GSK2033 were dissolved and diluted to a final concentration at 0.03%. The drugs were given to the mice daily through gastric tube according to their body weight. Meanwhile, the mice in the drug group were fed with high cholesterol diet . After feeding for 3 months, Morris water maze was used to observe the changes of spatial exploration and memory ability of AD mice in each group. The contents of TC, LDL, and HDL in serum of mice in each group were detected by cholesterol enzyme colorimetry, and the differences among the groups were compared. The expression of Aβ42 in the brain of AD mice was detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, ABCA1, and Caveolin-1 in the brain of each group. Morris water maze results showed that the times, distance and the duration of mice crossing the platform in the CRD group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (all P<0.05), while these three figures in TO901317 group were significantly increased compared with the CRD group (all P<0.05). Compared with the TO901317 group, there was a decrease of these figures in the GSK2033 group (all P<0.05). The serum TC and LDL levels in the CRD group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while HDL levels were significantly lower (all P<0.001). The figures of the TC and LDL contents level in the TO901317 group were lower than those in the CRD group, while HDL levels were higher (all P<0.001). Compared with TO901317 group, the contents of the TC and LDL in GSK2033 group were significantly increased, while HDL content was significantly decreased (all P<0.001). ELISA results showed that the production of Aβ42 peptides in the brain of CRD group was the highest while the content in the TO901317 group was significantly decreased (P<0.001), which was the lowest among the groups. The figure in the control group was close to the GSK2033 group. Western blotting results showed that the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, and ABCA1 in the CRD group were significantly decreased compared with the control group, but the protein level of Caveolin-1 was increased (all P<0.01). After TO901317 treatment, the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α and ABCA1 were significantly increased, while the protein level of Caveolin-1 was decreased partially (all P<0.001). In the GSK2033 group, the effect of TO901317 on AD mice was partially reversed by GSK2033. Compared to TO901317 group, the protein levels of LXR-β, RXR-α, and ABCA1 showed a decrease trend, while the protein level of Caveolin-1 showed an increase state (all P<0.05). High cholesterol diet leads to severer spatial exploration, learning and memory impairment in transgenic AD mice, while the LXR agonist TO901317 attenuates this effect. The mechanism may be that TO901317 promotes cholesterol efflux by activating LXR-β/RXR-α/ABCA1 transmembrane transport system, reduces the expression of Caveolin-1, improves the composition of lipid raft, and ultimately reduces the production of Aβ42 in the brain.

The Effects of Nettle Extract Consumption on Liver PPARs, SIRT1, ACOX1 and Blood Lipid Levels in Male and Female C57Bl6 Mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate how nettle (Urtica dioica L.) water extract consumption would interact with regulators of peroxysomal lipid oxidation, histone deacetylase, and markers of oxidative stress in the liver and blood lipid levels in male and female C57Bl6 mice. Metabolically unchallenged (healthy) mice (n = 5 per sex) were treated with a nettle extract in a dose of 40 mg of total polyphenols in the extract per kg mice body weight. The nettle extract was applied daily along with normal diet for 15 days. The serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and liver PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, PGC-1-α, ACOX1, SIRT1, MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH were compared between exposed and unexposed (control) animals. In males, the PPAR-α, PGC1-α, and ACOX1 levels together with systemic HDL cholesterol were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased while the LDL cholesterol decreased (p ≤ 0.05). In females, no changes in PPAR-α and PGC1-α or serum lipids were noted, but the ACOX1 content in the liver was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. The SIRT1 activity increased (p ≤ 0.05) only in females. In both sexes, the PPAR-γ levels were not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected in either sex. The results indicate that nettle plant extract has the potential to modulate selected transcriptional factors and histone deacetylase in vivo, with certain sex differences, which should be studied further in similar models.

Potential novel biomarkers in small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance revealed by multi-omics analysis

BackgroundAlthough obesity is caused by different factors, individual susceptibility to obesity differs among people under the same circumstances. The microbiota in the caecum or fresh faeces and metabolites in blood or urine contribute to obesity resistance; however, the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine have not been extensively studied.MethodsTo investigate the relationship between the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine and susceptibility to obesity, eighty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish two models of obesity and obesity resistance. For further study, six mice were chosen from among the obesity models, and twelve mice were randomly chosen from among the obesity resistance models. After fasting plasma glucose and behavioural testing, the mice were fed in single cages for another 4 weeks to observe their weight and food intake. All mice were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. Serum ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyser. The microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine contents were analysed using 16 S sequencing and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographic system, respectively. Transcripts in the jejunum were evaluated using full-length transcriptome sequencing and verified by qPCR.ResultsThe results showed that HFD induced depression and anxiety behaviours and higher fasting plasma glucose, ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels in the obese mice; however, these levels were improved in obese resistance mice. The correlation analysis showed that the phosphatidylcholine, TG, and phosphatidylethanolamine levels were higher in obese mice and correlated positively with intestinal microflora (Desulfovibrio and Gemella) and the Cxcl10 gene. A higher abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in obesity-resistant mice correlated negatively with the metabolite contents (neuromedin N and enkephalin L) and Pck1 gene expression and correlated positively with certain metabolites (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, cinnamyl alcohol and 1 H-indole-3-acetamide) and genes expression (Gdf15, Igfbp6 and Spp1).ConclusionClostridium_sensu_stricto_1, neuromedin N, enkephalin L, Pck1, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Cxcl10 and cinnamyl alcohol may be novel biomarkers in the small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance. These might be helpful for obesity prevention or for treating obese patients.

Potency of Ethanol Extract Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Stalk as Anti-Cholesterol

Increasing levels of blood cholesterol is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Currently, experts have been trying used herbal medicine as an alternative treatment of atherosclerosis. One of the highlights is the use of celery stalks. Celery is generally used as a flavouring dish. In addition, celery stalks are believed able to reduce cholesterol levels because they contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study was aim to determine the effect of celery stalk ethanol extract to reduce LDL an increase of HDL level in rats after fed high-fat diet. Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design was used to measure the HDL and LDL blood serum levels of male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats fed a high-fat diet. This study was used 27 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 3 groups; K1 was only given regular feed and water, K2 was given a high-fat diet and water, K3 was given a high-fat diet and celery stalk extract at a dose of 75mg/kg BW/day for 14 days. The data were analysed by ANOVA test and Tukey HSD test. The results of the ANOVA test showed a significance value of p-value of LDL = 0.000 and HDL p-value = 0.536. Celery stalk extract (Apium graviolens L) had an effect on decreasing LDL levels but not on increasing HDL blood serum levels of white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) given high-fat diet.

Consequences of Obesity Associated Factors Caused Coronary Heart Disease. A Comparative Clinical Study

Objective: The main objective of this study was to check clinically that Coronary Heart Disease in our local population caused by obesity. Study design: It is a comparative clinical study. Place and duration: Current clinical study was conducted in Lahore Medical &amp; Dental College Lahore, Pakistan from December 2021to March 2022. Methodology: In Group X, 25 normal individuals were selected while in Group Y, 75 patients with Coronary Heart Disease were considered respectively. Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, Shortness of breath, lipid profile, BMI, oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG). Lipid profile were performed through blood sample, Oxygen saturation levels were measured through oximeter, blood pressure with sphygmomanometer. The bio-statistically model SPSS was applied for the presentation of collected raw data. Results: Different parameters such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, oxygen saturation, blood serum cholesterol, blood serum triglycerides, blood serum LDL, blood serum HDL levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured comparatively in current study. The levels of these variables in Group-X and Group-Y were (18.02±01.02, 118.1±01.01, 72.01±0.01, 0.01±0.01, 99.0±0.03, 198.01±0.04, 138.02±0.02, 125.01±0.03, 45.01±0.01), (28.01±01.04, 178.0±01.03, 96.01±09.04, 90.01±0.02, 94.0±0.03, 268.01±0.01, 208.01±0.04, 185.01±0.01, 35.01±0.04) measured respectively. Conclusion: In present study different parameters such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Intensity of Shoulder or arm pain, oxygen saturation, blood serum cholesterol, blood serum triglycerides, blood serum LDL, blood serum HDL levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured in both Group-X and Group-Y and a significant (P≤0.05) changes were observed in individuals of Group-Y than the Group-X comparatively. Keywords: Body mass index, Obesity, Coronary Artery Disease, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

Ameliorating Effects of Geumnyeonyijin-tang Water Extract on Obesity-Induced T2DM and Related Complications in Mice

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of Geumnyeonyijin-tang (GNYJT) water extracts with those of metformin (250 mg/kg) in mild diabetic-obese mice.Methods and Results: The 48 mice were divided into 1 normal pellet diet (NFD) group and 5 high-fat diet (HFD) groups. At the end of 12 weeks of oral administration of metformin (250 mg/kg) or GNYJT water extracts (400, 200, or100 mg/kg), the effects were evaluated. The HFD control mice showed noticeable increases in body weight, adipose tissue density, fat pad weight of the periovarian and abdominal wall, and insulin, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels, with decreases in serum HDL levels. Increases in the periovarian and dorsal abdominal fat pad, regions of steatohepatitis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatocyte hypertrophy were also discovered. The HFD group showed a decline in glucose levels and elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting an HFD-induced AMPK downregulation related to glucose dysregulation, as well as lipid metabolism related to obese insulin-resistant type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress related diabetic hepatopathy (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD).Conclusion: Assessment of the key parameters for inhibition of diabetes and related complications in HFD-fed diabetic-obese mice demonstrated that GNYJT water extracts have favorable ameliorating effects. The effect of GNYJT was manifested through the stimulation of AMPK upregulation of related hepatic glucose enzyme activities and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Therefore, appropriate oral dosages of GNYJT could be promising as a new preventive candidate for controlling diabetes and related complications. Further screening of biologically active compounds, elucidation of detailed mechanisms, and more animal studies are warranted.

Combined administration of Gegen Yinlian decoctio n and metformin ameliorates liver metabolic disorder in rats by regulating miR 195 5p/IRS1/PI3K/AKT axis

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Gegen Yinlian decoction (GYD), made from lobed kudzuvine root, baicalensis, huanglian and liquorice, and metformin on liver metabolism dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.&#x0D; Methods: Wistar rats were treated with high-fat diet and a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection to establish T2DM model. Thereafter, the T2DM-rats were treated with GYD and metformin (GYD/metformin). Serum triglyceride (TG), TC, LDL, and HDL levels, as well as glucose and insulin tolerance of the rats were evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of GYD/metformin treatment on the expressions of the related genes were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot assay.&#x0D; Results: After GYD-metformin treatment, the metabolic indicators in T2DM rats significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05). However, there was decrease in t liver miR-1955p expressions. Silencing miR-195-5p improved glucose consumption and triglyceride levels of palmitate (PA)-induced pathological state in ALM12 cells (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, miR-195-5p targeted insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Suppression of IRS1 partly annulled the impact of miR-195-5p silencing on ALM12 cell model. Moreover, IRS1 downregulation significantly mitigated the impact of the silencing on PI3K/AKT pathway activity (p &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Combination of GYD with metformin ameliorated dysfunctional liver metabolism via control of miR-195-5p/IRS1/PI3K/AKT axis.

Estimation of serum iron, serum lipids and serum liver enzymes in celiac disease patients of Saudi Arabia

To evaluate the serum biochemical levels in celiac disease (CD) patients. It was a cross-sectional study carried out on 70 subjects, including 40 patients with CD and 30 healthy controls. This study was conducted at Jouf University from November, 2020 to October, 2021. The collected blood specimens were used to perform serum iron, serum lipids, liver enzymes, and human tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (anti-HTTG). The hematological parameters including hematocrit and MCV were determined to establish the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Serum iron was significantly lower in patients as compared to the controls. Serum iron, serum HDL, blood hematocrit and MCV were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p = 0.000). Serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and serum human tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-HTTG) were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.000). The correlation studies established the negative correlation of anti-HTTG IgA with serum iron (r = -0.991, p = 0.000), hematocrit (r = -0.967, p = 0.000) and MCV (r = -0.946, p = 0.000) in patients. The serum iron was remarkably reduced in CD patients. A negative correlation was found between anti-HTTG IgA and serum iron, while a positive serum iron was correlated with hematocrit and MCV in CD patients.

Role of predictable biomarkers in early detection of cardiovascular events in Chronic Kidney Disease III and IV

Abstract This comes about because of a lack of predicted biomarkers in the risk analysis of CVD events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The present study aimed to determine the clinical utility of independent, predictable biomarkers such as serum creatinine, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), high sensitive C-Reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen and lipid profile as early predictors of CVD in CKD at stage III/IV. Methods. This is a case-control study that includes a sample size of 100 patients of cases and 100 patients of controls who were recruited from November 2020 to April 2021, from the Nephrology department of the Visakhapatnam tertiary care teaching hospital, and present with chronic kidney disease – stage III/IV. The subjects’ general conditions (age, gender, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and smoking history); underlying diseases (coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus) were recorded. Fasting venous blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions from the study group after taking informed consent. The measurement of serum creatinine was performed by modification of kinetic Jaffe reaction. The Cockcroft-Gault equation was used to calculate eGFR in both cases and controls. CRP testing was done with a Cobas C311 analyzer, using immunoturbidimetric assay. The Fibroquant kit from Tulip was employed to measure fibrinogen levels in blood samples, and enzymatic methods were applied for lipid profile analysis. Results. In this study, higher mean values of hsCRP (34.28 mg/dl), increased serum creatinine levels (2.876 mg/dl), reduced eGFR (28.37 mls/min), high levels of serum fibrinogen (291.6 mg/dl), and cholesterol (214.5 mg/dl), HDL (28.34 mg/dl), TG (162.1 mg/dl), VLDL (32.41 mg/dl) and LDL (153.77 mg/dl) were found to be independent predictors of assessment of CV events in patients with CKD stages III and IV as determined by Chi-square test. Conclusion. A prompt and accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk in CKD patients would enable more aggressive and focused treatment of the individuals who are most in need of preventive interventions to decrease incident rates.

Correlation of High BMI and Hyperlipidemia with Myocardial Ischemia

Background: Myocardial ischemia is considered as one of most common cause of mortality worldwide. Several Risk factors are linked to an increased incidence of Myocardial Ischemia. The most common risk factors are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, high BMI, physical inactivity, smoking, age and gender predisposition and socioeconomic status. Aim: To inspect and compare incidence of myocardial ischemia in cases with hyperlipidemia and elevated BMI. Methods: 102 patients were selected for our research study and cases were split up into 2 groups of 51 patients each. Group A comprised cases with standard normal lipid profile and BMI with suspected myocardial ischemia. Group B contained 51 patients with hyperlipidemia and high BMI with suspected myocardial ischemia. The study data was then analyzed by SPSS 21st version. The Probability Value (P- Value) of ≤0.05 was coined as statistically convincing value. Results: The serum Cholesterol levels were 148 ± 11 in first group A and 268 ± 41 in other group B. The triglycerides serum values were 129± 13 in A group and 220± 13 in B group. The serum Low density Lipoproteins values were 109±10 in A group and 179±22 in B group. The serum HDL values were 39±10 in A group and 20±08 in B group. An independent/unpaired samples T- statistical test was used Using a two-tailed 0.05 criterion, the test indicated a statistically convincing difference among the two research groups (p value was &lt;0.05) in relation to cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and BMI. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia and High BMI contribute significantly to development of acute myocardial ischemia Keywords: Myocardial Ischemia, Hyperlipidemia, Body Mass index

Perbedaan Derajat Keparahan Penyakit Berdasarkan Skor Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Terhadap Profil Lipid pada Psoriasis Vulgaris

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects skin, joint, nail and other organ with clinical manifestation well-defined erythematous plaques with thick silvery scales. Psoriasis vulgaris is associated with dyslipidemia include elevated level of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride serum and decreased HDL serum levels. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is an examination to assess the severity of psoriasis vulgaris and mostly used in clinical practice and research. Purpose: To determine differences in disease severity based on PASI scores on lipid profiles in psoriasis vulgaris patients. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional research design conducted at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta from February to March 2022. The total number of subjects was 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 application (IBM Corp. Chicago, USA). Bivariate analysis with parametric independent T test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine the differences of total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride and HDL serum level between PASI &lt;10 and PASI ≥10 with p&lt;0,05 considered significant. Results: Patients with PASI &lt;10 had mean value of total cholesterol levels 187,53±26,39, LDL levels 128,24±28,37, triglyceride levels 115,88±61,74 and HDL levels 46,29±11,98 while in patients with PASI ≥10 had value of total cholesterol levels 218,75±34,92 (p=0,020), LDL levels 145,63±35,76 (p=0,201), triglyceride levels 201,88±158,04 (p=0,215) and HDL levels 44,13±11,36 (p=0,672). There is a significant difference between the severity of the disease based on the PASI score on total serum cholesterol levels in psoriasis vulgaris patients. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between PASI score &lt;10 and PASI score ≥10 on total serum cholesterol levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Plasma HDL pattern, cholesterol efflux and cholesterol loading capacity of serum in carriers of a novel missense variant (Gly176Trp) of endothelial lipase

Loss of function variants of LIPG gene encoding endothelial lipase (EL) are associated with primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP), a lipid disorder characterized by elevated plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Aim of the study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a family with primary HALP. HDL subclasses distribution was determined by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Serum content of preβ-HDL was assessed by (2D)-electrophoresis. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of serum mediated by ABCA1, ABCG1 or SR-BI was assessed using cells expressing these proteins. Cholesterol loading capacity (CLC) of serum was assayed using cultured human macrophages. Next generation sequencing was used for DNA analysis. Plasma EL mass was determined by ELISA. Three family members had elevated plasma HDL-C, apoA-I and total phospholipids, as well as a reduced content of preβ-HDL. These subjects were heterozygous carriers of a novel variant of LIPG gene [c.526 G>T, p.(Gly176Trp)] found to be deleterious in silico. Plasma EL mass in carriers was lower than in controls. CEC of sera mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters was substantially reduced in the carriers. This effect was maintained after correction for serum HDL concentration. The sera of carriers were found to have a higher CLC in cultured human macrophages than control sera. The novel p.(Gly176Trp) variant of endothelial lipase is associated with changes in HDL composition and subclass distribution as well as with functional changes affecting cholesterol efflux capacity of serum which suggest a defect in the early steps of revere cholesterol transport.

Cerebrospinal fluid and serum HDL cholesterol efflux capacity is impaired in neurodegenerative disorders

Background and Aims : Brain cholesterol transport occurs through particles similar to serum HDL, that have been identified in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We functionally characterized CSF and serum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and nonAD-dementia patients, by evaluating HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC).

CO RELATION OF SERUM TRIGLYCERIDES AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS WITH SEVERITY OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS-A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN COASTAL AREAS OF KARAIKAL

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inammatory condition of pancreas that can range from mild self-limiting disease to severe pancreatitis charecterised by acute inammation,necrosis,Systemic Inammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS),Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome(MODS) and death. The atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) reects the TG and HDL levels calculated as log(TG/HDL).AIP is a biomarker for dyslipidemia ,metabolic syndrome , coronary syndrome.Low HDL level and elevated TG level is a well known risk factor for persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis.In this study we aim to correlate serum triglycerides and HDL levels with severity of acute pancreatitis, All patients with rst episode of acute pancreatitis with serum amylase and/or lipase ≥3 times the upper normal limit and Characteristic imaging on a radiological study were included in the study. Clinical data and blood samples were obtained patients' diagnoses of AP. . The AIP was dened as log (TG/HDL). The severity of AP was evaluated according to the 2012 revised Atlanta classication and recorded as mild, moderately severe, or severe AP.statistical analysis was done and results were derived as Atherogenic Index of plasma(AIP) was signicantly higher in the SAP group. Hence AIP can be used as predictor for severity of acute pancreatitis

Cardiovascular risk markers in premature canities.

An elevated cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated in middle-aged individuals with onset of hair greying before the age of 30 years. Increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), indicate an ongoing state of chronic inflammation that is correlated with cardiovascular risk but have not been studied earlier in patients with early onset of hair greying. To study various cardiovascular risk markers including pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with premature canities. This was a hospital-based case-control study of 40 patients with premature canities (age between 19 and 25 years; >5 grey hair) and an equal number of age and gender-matched healthy controls. The blood pressure, pulse rate and body mass index were recorded, and investigations including fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, fasting lipid profile, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α were performed. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated for all the participants. The mean blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, hs-CRP and HOMA-IR were all significantly elevated in patients with premature canities and the serum HDL levels were significantly lower. A greater number of patients with premature canities had significantly elevated IL-6 as compared with the controls. The sample size was small. A subjective scale was used for grading the severity of premature canities. Trichoscopic evaluation of severity of greying or modified phototrichogram could not be used in this study. Abnormalities in cardiovascular risk markers were found in patients with premature canities. Screening and counselling of patients with premature greying of hair is recommended in order to prevent future cardiovascular disease.