Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein Research Articles

Dietary fatty acids affect lipid metabolism and estrogen receptor expression in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat mammary cancer model.

We hypothesized that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could affect the expression of serum fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) and CD36 levels and also fatty acid synthase (FAS), and estrogen receptor (ER) expressions in breast cancer cells. A rat mammary cancer model was induced by injection i.p., with 50 mg MNU/kg body weight. Low (13.8% energy) or high-fat (42.5% energy) diets composed mainly of n-6 or n-3 PUFAs originating either from linoleic acid or linolenic acid, respectively, were given for eight weeks. After sacrifice at week 8, serum FABP5 level was examined and immunostainings of CD36, FAS, and ER of breast cancer tissue were observed. By week 8, there was no statistical difference of tumor formation rate between each group. The level of serum FABP5 in the high n-3 group was significantly lower than the low n-6 and high n-6 groups. Immunohistochemistry results showed that there was a significant difference of CD36 expression between the low n-3 group and high n-6 group (p < 0.05). Although the high n-3 group had the most inhibition on FAS and ER expression, there was no statistical difference between each group. Our study showed that different dietary PUFAs may affect lipid metabolism in breast cancer tissues by altering the expression of FABP5, CD-36, FAS, and ER, which may change treatment response and even prognosis of breast cancer.

Tocilizumab Increases Serum Adiponectin and Reduces Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Recently tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody (IL-6R Ab), was clinically demonstrated to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. However, it is unknown whether blocking the IL-6R with tocilizumab directly impacts the adiponectin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels. Methods: In this study, we measured the serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 3 months after treatment with tocilizumab. Results: Our study revealed that treatment with tocilizumab decreased serum FABP4 levels and increased serum adiponectin levels in patients with RA. We also assessed the production of adipocytokines stimulated by IL-6R Ab using adipocyte precursors obtained from human fat tissue. Tocilizumab did not increase local adiponectin levels; however, the suppression of adiponectin secretion by IL-6 was completely abolished. Tocilizumab also directly suppressed FABP4 in human adipocytes. Conclusion: This suggests that treatment with tocilizumab may be a novel approach to coordinately regulate adiponectin and FABP4 levels. J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;4(5-6):143-147 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem251w

Tocilizumab Increases Serum Adiponectin and Reduces Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Recently tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody (IL-6R Ab), was clinically demonstrated to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. However, it is unknown whether blocking the IL-6R with tocilizumab directly impacts the adiponectin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels. Methods: In this study, we measured the serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 3 months after treatment with tocilizumab. Results: Our study revealed that treatment with tocilizumab decreased serum FABP4 levels and increased serum adiponectin levels in patients with RA. We also assessed the production of adipocytokines stimulated by IL-6R Ab using adipocyte precursors obtained from human fat tissue. Tocilizumab did not increase local adiponectin levels; however, the suppression of adiponectin secretion by IL-6 was completely abolished. Tocilizumab also directly suppressed FABP4 in human adipocytes. Conclusion: This suggests that treatment with tocilizumab may be a novel approach to coordinately regulate adiponectin and FABP4 levels. J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;4(5-6):143-147 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem251w

Mo1269 Increased Levels of Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 in Fistulizng Crohn's Disease Found by Novel Proteotypic Peptide Monitoring

Mo1269 Increased Levels of Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 in Fistulizng Crohn's Disease Found by Novel Proteotypic Peptide Monitoring

Fatty acid binding protein 4 predicts left ventricular mass and longitudinal function in overweight and obese women

ObjectiveTo explore whether increased adipocyte-derived serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) predisposes to cardiac remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction in human obesity.DesignCross-sectional investigation.SettingAcademic clinical research centre.Patients108 overweight and obese...

Maternal Serum Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) and the Development of Preeclampsia

Serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in nonpregnant individuals, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Preeclampsia shares many features with the metabolic syndrome, but the relationship between early pregnancy serum FABP4 levels and the development of preeclampsia is unknown. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that FABP4 is elevated in women who develop preeclampsia before the onset of disease. This was a nested case-control study within a larger prospective cohort of healthy women with singleton gestations. Cases included 22 women who developed preeclampsia, and a random sample of 72 unmatched controls delivered without preeclampsia was identified. Maternal serum FABP4 was measured at less than 13 wk gestation and 24-28 wk gestation, which was before the onset of preeclampsia in all patients. The main outcome measure was preeclampsia (new-onset gestational hypertension and proteinuria for the first time after 20 wk gestation). Maternal serum FABP4 concentrations were higher in women who ultimately developed preeclampsia both at 8-13 wk (20.4±12.3 vs. 10.1±4.7 ng/ml; P<0.01) and at 24-28 wk (20.7±11.7 vs. 9.9±4.5 ng/ml; P<0.01). After controlling for first trimester body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and nulliparity, FABP4 was associated with the development of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.3; P<0.01). Maternal serum FABP4 levels are elevated before the clinical onset of preeclampsia, and this increase occurs independently of maternal body mass index.

Serum Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 Is a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in End-Stage Renal Disease

BackgroundFatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4/A-FABP/aP2), a lipid chaperone, is expressed in both adipocytes and macrophages. Recent studies have shown that FABP4 is secreted from adipocytes and that FABP4 level is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the impact of FABP4 concentrations on prognosis. We tested the hypothesis that FABP4 level predicts prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a group at high risk for atherosclerosis-associated morbidity and mortality.Methods and ResultsBiochemical markers including FABP4 were determined in 61 ESRD patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). Serum FABP4 level in females (404.2±30.5 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in males (315.8±30.0 ng/ml), and the levels in ESRD patients were about 20-times higher than those in age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects with normal renal function. FABP4 level was decreased by 57.2% after HD and was positively correlated with blood pressure, BMI, and levels of lipids and insulin. Multiple regression analysis indicated that HD duration, BMI, and triglycerides level were independent determinants for FABP4 level. ESRD patients with high FABP4 levels had higher cardiovascular mortality during the 7-year follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that logarithmically transformed FABP4 level was an independent predictor of cardiovascular death adjusted for age, gender, HD duration, BMI, and triglycerides level (hazard ratio, 7.75; 95% CI, 1.05–25.31).ConclusionThese findings suggest that FABP4 level, being related to adiposity and metabolic disorders, is a novel predictor of cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.

Fasting Serum Fatty Acid-binding Protein 4 Level Positively Correlates with Metabolic Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients

Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) level increases in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The interrelationships between fasting FABP4 levels and MetS have not been analyzed in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 101 chronic HD patients. MetS was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. In total, 48 HD patients (47.5%) had MetS. Fasting FABP4 levels positively correlated with MetS (p = 0.022). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that the pre-HD body weight (p <0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.003), body mass index (p = 0.003), total cholesterol (TCH) (p <0.001), triglyceride (TG) (p <0.001), creatinine (p = 0.042), insulin level (p = 0.014), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.015) were positively correlated with serum FABP4 levels, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.049) and adiponectin level (p = 0.004) were negatively correlated with fasting serum FABP4 levels in HD patients. MetS was positively correlated with fasting FABP4 levels in our chronic HD patients. TG, TCH, and waist circumference were independent predictors of serum FABP4 levels in HD patients.

Serum fatty acid binding protein 4, free fatty acids, and metabolic risk markers

Fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 4 chaperones free fatty acids (FFAs) in the adipocytes during lipolysis. Serum FFA relates to metabolic syndrome, and serum FABP4 is emerging as a novel risk marker. In 36 overweight/obese women, serum FABP4 and FFA were measured hourly during 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance was determined using frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Serum lipids and inflammation markers were measured at fasting. During oral glucose tolerance test, serum FABP4 decreased by 40%, reaching its nadir at 3 hours (from 45.3 ± 3.1 to 31.9 ± 1.6 ng/mL), and stayed below the baseline at 5 hours (35.9 ± 2.2 ng/mL) ( P < .0001 for both, compared with the baseline). Serum FFA decreased by 10-fold, reaching a nadir at 2 hours (from 0.611 ± 0.033 to 0.067 ± 0.004 mmol/L), then rebounded to 0.816 ± 0.035 mmol/L at 5 hours ( P < .001 for both, compared with baseline). Both fasting FABP4 and nadir FABP4 correlated with obesity. Nadir FABP4 correlated also with insulin resistance parameters from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and with inflammation. Nadir FFA, but not fasting FFA, correlated with the metabolic syndrome parameters. In conclusion, fasting FABP4 related to metabolic risk markers more strongly than fasting FFA. Nadir FABP4 and nadir FFA measured after glucose loading may provide better risk assessment than the fasting values.

Serum concentrations of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein in patients with anorexia nervosa

Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) concentrations are linked to human obesity and other features of metabolic syndrome. Whether FABP associates with metabolic alterations in chronic malnutrition is unknown. In the present study, we measured fasting serum levels of FABP, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, resistin, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides in 19 patients with a restrictive type of anorexia nervosa (AN) and in 16 healthy age-matched control women (C). Body mass index, serum leptin, and CRP concentrations were significantly lower, while serum adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor levels were significantly higher in AN relative to C group. Serum insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ between the groups studied. Serum FABP levels were unchanged in patients with AN and were not related to any of parameters studied. We conclude that, in contrast to patients with obesity where FAPB is a prominent marker of metabolic alterations, chronic malnutrition in AN does not significantly affect its serum levels.

Myocardial I-123 BMIPP imaging and serum fatty acid binding protein levels in patients with congestive heart failure

Myocardial I-123 BMIPP imaging and serum fatty acid binding protein levels in patients with congestive heart failure

Intestinal Mucosal Injury in Critically Ill Surgical Patients Preliminary Observations

This was a prospective study designed to evaluate the extent to which intestinal mucosal compromise occurs in adult critical care patients with and without systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and to correlate the degree of intestinal injury with outcome. Ten patients from a university hospital surgical intensive care unit were identified who manifested SIRS at the time of admission to the intensive care unit. Five other critical care patients without SIRS were also evaluated. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was determined. Intestinal mucosal viability was assessed by serial measurement of serum and urine iFABP intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP), a sensitive and specific marker for mucosal injury. Outcome in terms of the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and survival was determined. iFABP was detectable in the serum or urine in 8 out of 10 patients with SIRS. Among the 4 patients with detectable serum iFABP, 2 died and 1 developed severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. Nine of 11 patients without detectable serum iFABP recovered without major morbidity. iFABP was detectable in most patients with SIRS, suggesting that subclinical intestinal mucosal compromise is a frequent component of this syndrome. When iFABP was detectable, particularly in the serum, the prognosis was poor, even in the absence of SIRS, indicating that iFABP may be a relevant and independent predictor of outcome in critical care patients.

One-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for plasma fatty acid-binding protein.

To allow a more rapid determination of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) concentration in plasma a direct non-competitive (sandwich-type) ELISA was developed which uses high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to FABP. Total performance time of the one-step immunoassay is 45 min. The standard curve was linear between 0.2-6 micrograms/L, and the within-run and between-run coefficients of variations were below 6 and 11%, respectively. The serum FABP concentration measured in 79 healthy individuals was 1.6 (0.8) [mean (SD), range 0.3-5.0] micrograms/L. The assay can be used for rapid plasma or serum FABP measurement in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

737–1 Heart Fatty Acid-binding Protein and Myoglobin can Accurately Detect Successful Reperfusion as Early as 15 Minutes After Reperfuslon

Human heart fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is an abundant low molecular weight protein in cytoplasm of myocardial cell similar to myoglobin (Mb). To evaluate whether FABP can also detect successful reperfusion very early like Mb, we examined serum FABP and Mb levels in 45 patients (pts) undergoing PTCR or PTCA within 6 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography was performed every 5 minutes (min) during reperfusion therapy to determine the exact time of reperfusion. In 30 pts with reperfusion (reperfused group: TIMI grade 3 [23 pts] and grade 2 [7 pts]), serum samples were taken just before and at 15, 30 and 60 min after initial angiographic confirmation of reperfusion. In 15 pts without reperfusion (nonreperfused group), serum samples were taken just before and at 15, 30 and 60 min after the initiation of therapy. FABP was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay and Mb by latex agglutination turbidimetry. The FABP ratio (FABP after/FABP before) and Mb ratio (Mb after/Mb before) were calculated. FABP and Mb levels increased rapidly, peaked within 60 min after reperfusion. The FABP and Mb ratios in the reperfused group significantly (p &lt; 0.01) exceeded those in the nonreperfused group at 15, 30 and 60 min. The sensitivity (Sen) and specificity (Spe) of these markers for reperfusion were as follows:Criteria15 minEmpty Cell30 minEmpty Cell60 minEmpty CellSenSpeSenSpeSenSpeFABP ratio &gt; 1.6*93%100%97%100%100%100%Mb ratio &gt; 2.4**90%100%93%100%100%100%*mean + 2SD at 60 min in the nonreperfused group**published criteria mean + 2SD at 60 min in the nonreperfused group published criteria FABP, like Mb could accurately detect successful reperfusion as early as 15 min after reperfusion and could provide a high level of accuracy within 60 min after reperfusion.

Human heart-type cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding protein in serum and urine during hyperacute myocardial infarction

We have previously reported that serum and/or urinary human heart-type cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding protein (HH-FABP c) can be used as an early indicator of myocardial injury (Clin Biochem 1991; 24: 195–201). To confirm the usefulness of HH-FABP c as an early diagnostic indicator of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), its serum and urinary levels were measured in samples obtained within 6 h after the onset of acute coronary syndrome related symptoms. Samples were collected from 97 patients, who were composed of 63 with AMI, 24 with unstable angina and 10 with chest pain syndrome. The positivity of serum and urinary HH-FABP c and cardiac creatine kinase isozyme MB (CK-MB) was analyzed in these samples. Serum HH-FABP c levels in AMI were above normal in 91.4% ( 64 70 ) of the samples tested within 3 h of the onset of symptoms and in 100% ( 111 111 ) of those tested at 3–6 h. Elevated urinary HH-FABP c levels in AMI were obtained in 88.9% ( 8 9 ) of samples at 0–3 h and in 75% ( 6 8 ) at 3–6 h. CK-MB activity in AMI was positive in 20% ( 8 40 ) and 66.3% ( 53 80 ) of serum samples at 0–3 h and 3–6 h, respectively. HH-FABP c was always positive when a serum sample was positive for CK-MB. Serum HH-FABP c at 0–6 h in chest pain syndrome and in unstable angina were positive in 17.8% ( 5 28 ) and 56.7% ( 34 60 ), respectively. The elevated HH-FABP c in serum and urine was noted much earlier than that of CK-MB during the hyperacute phase of AMI. HH-FABP c showed high positive value in unstable angina, but it was low in normal coronary patients having chest pain. However, HH-FABP c level in unstable angina and chest pain syndrome was lower than that of AMI. Thus, HH-FABP c may be a valuable indicator for the diagnosis of hyperacute myocardial infarction.

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as a sensitive marker of intestinal ischemia.

Determination of the serum level of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein has been used to detect rat intestinal ischemia following ligation or 30-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The normal values were under the minimal detectable level of less than 2 ng/ml in all the 10 rats. The serum fatty acid-binding protein level increased rapidly, to 340.7 +/- 54.6, 438.5 +/- 40.1, 388.1 +/- 37.4, and 292.2 +/- 95.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr after ligation, respectively. It also increased, to 347.2 +/- 127.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) at 1 hr, after a 30-min transient occlusion and then returned to a normal level. Histological studies showed destruction of the villi, disappearance of the mucosa, and transmural necrosis with the progress of time after ligation, while no remarkable morphological change was observed following 30-min transient occlusion. These observations strongly suggest that the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein is a useful biochemical marker for intestinal ischemia, particularly in the early reversible phase.

Detection of serum and urinary human heart fatty acid-binding protein (hh-FABP) during the super acute phase of myocardial infarction

Detection of serum and urinary human heart fatty acid-binding protein (hh-FABP) during the super acute phase of myocardial infarction

Serum and urinary human heart fatty acid-binding protein in acute myocardial infarction

A competitive enzyme immunoassay (C-EIA) was developed for the measurement of serum and urinary levels of human heart fatty acid-binding protein (hh-FABP), and the appearance and time-course changes of hh-FABP levels were evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Control serum and urinary hh-FABP levels, which were determined in 86 serum and 42 urine samples from 86 patients without AMI, were found to range between 0 and 2.8 ng/mL. Serial determinations performed on 11 patients with AMI demonstrated that hh-FABP levels were significantly elevated in the first serum and urine samples obtained within 14 h of the onset of clinical symptoms. Two serum and 2 urine samples obtained only 1.5 h after the onset of symptoms already showed elevated hh-FABP levels, while in the same serum samples the activity of the myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) was still normal. Maximal serum and urinary hh-FABP levels appeared between 5 and 10 h after symptoms developed, and fell sharply towards normal thereafter. The hh-FABP levels in serum and urine both peaked earlier than the elevation of CK-MB activity in serum. The presence of hh-FABP in serum and/or urine seems to be a marker for myocardial damage and could be used as a useful tool for the early diagnosis of AMI.