Serum Estrone Sulfate Research Articles

Serum and urinary estrone sulfate during the menstrual cycle, measured by a direct radioimmunoassay, and fate of exogenously injected estrone sulfate.

Serum and early-morning urinary levels of estrone sulfate during the menstrual cycle were measured by a direct radioimmunoassay without hydrolysis. These levels were high and showed prominent peaks [serum, 2.67 +/- 0.37 ng/ml (mean +/- SE); urine, 5.82 +/- 2.3 micrograms/l] around the day of the preovulatory estradiol-17 beta peak, and increased again during the luteal phase. Following intravenous injection of estrone sulfate, serum estrone sulfate, estrone and estradiol-17 beta were measured. The conversion of estrone sulfate to estrone and/or estradiol-17 beta was very small during their transit in the general circulation.

Long term effects of a first pregnancy on the hormonal environment: estrogens and androgens.

An early (but not a late) first pregnancy is known to be protective for breast cancer. This effect might be mediated through a long term change in the hormonal environment caused by the early first pregnancy. To investigate the possibility of such a change we carried out a prospective longitudinal study of serum and urinary estrogens and serum androgens in four groups of women, namely early (age, 18-23 yr) first pregnancy (n = 15), early control (n = 20), late (age, 29-40 yr) first pregnancy (n = 9), and late control (n = 20). The pregnancy groups were studied before (initial visit) and 7-19 months after a first pregnancy (return visit). The control groups were similarly studied, but without an intervening pregnancy. The following were measured: serum estrone (E1), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and E1 sulfate; urinary total E1, E2, E3, and glucosiduronates of these three estrogens; and serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). There was no significant change between the initial and return visits in serum E1, E2, E1 sulfate, or any of the urinary estrogens in either pregnancy group or in the corresponding control groups. There was, however, a significant increase in serum E3 between initial and return visits for both pregnancy groups compared with the control values. There was no significant change in serum testosterone. There was a marked significant decrease in both serum DHAS and DHA between initial and return visits in both pregnancy groups compared with the corresponding control group values. There was also a significant increase in the serum E3 to DHA ratio in both pregnancy groups. A cross-sectional study (measuring serum DHAS and DHA only) was then carried out in a series of parous and nulliparous women. The serum DHAS and DHA levels were markedly and significantly lower in parous than in nulliparous women, as expected. There was no significant relationship between serum DHAS or DHA levels and months elapsed (up to 150) since last delivery, indicating that the changes last at least for this period of time. There was no significant relationship between serum DHAS or DHA levels and parity (one to three previous pregnancies), indicating that the changes occur only after a first pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abnormal androgen and oestrogen metabolism in men with steroid sulphatase deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis.

Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, oestradiol, oestrone, oestrone sulphate, FSH, and LH were measured in 20 steroid sulphatase-deficient men with recessive X-linked ichthyosis and in normal men. The serum oestrone sulphate level was significantly higher than normal in the patients (P less than 0.0001). In affected men, there was a tendency towards higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels and no decline with age was seen in the patients as opposed to normal men (interaction: P less than 0.025). Serum androstenedione, and oestradiol levels were lower than normal in the patients (P less than 0.0005 and P = 0.055, respectively), while their LH level was higher than normal (P less than 0.0005). The serum levels of SHBG, total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestrone, and FSH were not significantly different from normal in the icthyotic patients. We suggest that the observed abnormalities in these patients are a consequence of the enzyme deficiency which severely impairs the ability of tissues to hydrolyse steroid sulphates.

An enzymeimmunoassay of serum oestrone sulphate and its application to early pregnancy diagnosis in pigs

A practical enzymeimmunoassay of serum oestrone sulphate was developed and applied to an early pregnancy diagnosis in sows. Blood samples were collected from 238 sows on days 15 to 26 after mating (day 0 = day of last service). Serum oestrone sulphate concentrations of 0·9 ng/ml or higher were indicative of pregnancy, which was confirmed by parturition or abortion. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by enzymeimmunoassay was 100% ( 151 151 ) between days 17 and 26 after mating, but only 8·2% ( 6 73 ) for non-pregnant animals up to day 19. The negative test was 78·6% accurate ( 11 14 ) between days 20 and 26. Thus the correct diagnosis of pregnancy in sows by serum oestrone sulphate concentration was possible on days 20 to 26 after mating with a total accuracy of 97·8% ( 135 138 ). The enzymeimmunoassay for measurement of serum oestrone sulphate may be a practical tool for early pregnancy diagnosis in sows.

Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sows Based on Serum Oestrone Sulphate Concentration

Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sows Based on Serum Oestrone Sulphate Concentration

Direct estimation of oestrone sulphate in sow serum for a rapid pregnancy diagnosis test.

An antiserum raised against oestrone-3-glucuronide-BSA was used for the direct radioimmunoassay of oestrone sulphate in pig serum. The method has a minimum sensitivity of 0.2 ng/ml and is potentially an accurate pregnancy test in pigs. Serum oestrone sulphate concentrations were less than or equal to 0.5 ng/ml in non-pregnant cyclic sows and greater than 0.5 ng/ml in pregnant sows bled 26-29 days after service.

Estimation of oestrone sulphate in the serum of pregnant sows.

Oestrone sulphate was extracted from pig serum with tetrahydrofuran and then hydrolysed with sulphatase. The radioimmunoassay of liberated oestrone was carried out directly on the reaction mixture. Oestrone sulphate concentrations were less than 60 pg/ml in non-pregnant sows. Detectable concentrations of oestrone sulphate were found in serum as early as the 18th day of gestation, and these rose to maximum levels of 2.1-3.5 ng/ml by Days 26-29 then fell to about 0.1 ng/ml by Day 37. Serum oestrone sulphate concentrations were not related to litter size, but were good indicators of early pregnancy.

Liaison du sulfate d'oestrone par les proteines seriques du rat au cours de son developpement

The binding of estrone sulfate by rat serum has been studied comparatively, with an equilibrium dialysis technique, in the embryo and the pregnant rat at the 19th day of pregnancy, as well as during post-natal development. The sera of the embryo and the new-born rat almost bind no estrone sulfate; in contrast, this binding is high in the 21-days-old and in the adult animal. A significant reduction of the affinity index is shown in the pregnant rat serum. The binding of testosterone sulfate is 3–4 times lower than that of estrone sulfate. There is no fixation of estradiol glucuronide in any of the tested sera. A positive correlation has been found between the albumin level of the different sera and their affinity index for the estrone sulfate. The albumin purified from embryo sera and the adult serum albumin have similar high affinity indexes for estrone sulfate. The binding curves for the estrogen conjugate with these two purified proteins and the whole sera of normal and pregnant adult rats are not appreciably different. In all cases, two kinds of binding sites are demonstrated: relatively strong binding sites, with an association constant of about 1.5·10 5 M −1 at 25°C and numerous low affinity binding sites, with an association constant of about 3·10 3 M −1 at 25 °C. There are probably two strong binding sites per serum albumin molecule ( n 1 ∼ 2). From these results, it is concluded that albumin is the main protein that binds estrone sulfate in the rat serum. The absence of binding in the embryo is due to the low levels of this protein and not to a qualitatively different behavior of the foetal serum albumin. The lack of binding of estrone sulfate in the embryo is in contrast with the high affinity of the embryo sera for estrone and estradiol-17β.