Serum Osteocalcin Concentrations Research Articles

Serum osteocalcin concentration in children with craniosynostosis

Serum osteocalcin concentration in children with craniosynostosis

The effects of dairy product supplementation on bone health indices in children aged 3 to 18 years: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for optimizing skeletal growth. Dairy products are valuable sources of bone-beneficial nutrients, particularly calcium and protein. A random-effects meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to quantitatively assess the effects of dairy supplementation on bone health indices in children and adolescents. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched. Dairy supplementation increased whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) (+25.37 g) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) (+0.016 g/cm2), total hip BMC (+0.49 g) and aBMD (+0.013 g/cm2), femoral neck BMC (+0.06 g) and aBMD (+0.030 g/cm2), lumbar spine BMC (+0.85 g) and aBMD (+0.019 g/cm2), and height (0.21 cm). When expressed as a percentage difference, whole-body BMC was increased by 3.0%, total hip BMC by 3.3%, femoral neck BMC by 4.0%, lumbar spine BMC by 4.1%, whole-body aBMD by 1.8%, total hip aBMD by 1.2%, femoral neck aBMD by 1.5%, and lumbar spine BMD by 2.6%. Dairy supplementation increased serum IGF-1 concentrations (19.89 nmol/l) and reduced concentrations of urinary deoxypyridinoline (-1.78 nmol/mmol) and serum PTH (-10.46 pg/ml) but did not significantly affect the serum concentrations of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (+4.98 ng/ml) increased with vitamin D-fortified dairy supplementation. The positive effects on bone mineral mass parameters and height were generally consistent across subgroups defined by gender, geographical region, baseline calcium intake, calcium from the supplementation, trial duration, and Tanner stages. In summary, dairy supplementation during growth leads to a small but significant increase in bone mineral mass parameters, and these findings are generally supported by the changes in several biochemical parameters related to bone health.

Selected Parameters of Bone Turnover in Neuroendocrine Tumors-A Potential Clinical Use?

Currently, there are no effective markers to diagnose and monitor patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to assess bone metabolism based on selected markers of bone turnover: OST, OPG, and IGFBP-3, in both the group of patients with NETs and the control group. Associations with selected sociodemographic, biochemical, and clinicopathological characteristics were examined. We also evaluated any potential associations between these markers and selected biochemical markers of NETs commonly used in clinical practice. The study group included 60 patients with GEP-NETs and BP-NETs, while the control group comprised 62 healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of OST, OPG and IGFBP-3 were assessed using ELISA. OST and OPG levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. In the study group, we observed a significant correlation between OPG and the clinical stage and chromogranin A. Additionally, an association was found between OPG and histological grade, Ki-67, and metastasis in GEP-NET cases. Markers of bone turnover cannot be used in the routine diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors. Nonetheless, these markers may help evaluate the skeletal system in patients with NETs. Further research is needed to determine the utility of osteocalcin (OST) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as potential biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumors.

Children with severe acute malnutrition have high rates of bone resorption: A cross-sectional comparative study

Malnutrition in under-5 children (i.e., children younger than age 5 years) remains a major public health problem. Because of the reductive adaptation in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), changes in bone health are often subtle. We hypothesized that children with SAM have higher rates of bone resorption than bone formation, which can be assessed using bone turnover markers. In this cross-sectional comparative study, we evaluated the status of bone turnover markers, serum osteocalcin and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) in under-5 children with SAM. Thirty children (6-59 months) with SAM (defined as per World Health Organization criteria) were enrolled as cases and another 30 children (age and sex matched) with normal nutritional status (weight for height -1 standard deviation [SD] to +1 SD) were enrolled for comparison of bone turnover markers. Serum TRAP-5b concentrations were significantly higher in children with SAM compared with children with normal nutritional status (mean [SD] 22.6 [15.3] vs. 11.3 [9.6], P=.009), whereas serum osteocalcin concentrations were comparable between the 2 groups (mean [SD] 40.6 [17.9] vs. 36.0 [12.5], P=.344). Frequency of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency were also significantly high in children with SAM (P < .05). An inverse correlation was found between serum calcium and serum osteocalcin (r=-0.383, P < .05). Our results indicate that children with SAM have a higher bone resorption rate than children with normal nutrition status indicating compromised bone health.

Serum Osteocalcin, Sclerostin and Lipocalin-2 Levels in Adolescent Boys with Obesity over a 12-Week Sprint Interval Training.

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of supervised cycling sprint interval training (SIT) on serum osteocalcin, lipocalin-2 and sclerostin levels, and bone mineral characteristics among obese adolescent boys. Untrained obese adolescent boys aged 13.4 ± 0.3 were assigned to either a 12-week SIT group (3 sessions/week), or a non-exercising control group who continued with their habitual everyday life. Serum osteocalcin, lipocalin-2 and sclerostin concentrations, and bone mineral values were assessed before and after intervention. After 12-week intervention, where 14 boys in both groups ended the study, there were no significant differences in serum osteokine levels between the groups after 12 weeks, while whole body bone mineral content and lower limb bone mineral density increased in the SIT group (p < 0.05). Change in body mass index was negatively correlated with the change in osteocalcin (r = -0.57; p = 0.034), and positively correlated with the change in lipocalin-2 levels (r = 0.57; p = 0.035) in the SIT group. Supervised 12-week SIT intervention improved bone mineral characteristics, but did not change osteocalcin, lipocalin-2 or sclerostin levels in adolescent boys with obesity.

CORRELATION OF SERUM OSTEOCALCIN LEVEL WITH THE INDICES OF OBESITY AND LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE II DIABETIC SUDANESE PATIENTS

Objectives:Osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific protein, has recently been reported to affect energy metabolism, this study aimed to assess the relationship between serum total osteocalcin and measurements of adiposity and lipid profile in type II diabetic Sudanese patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 115 people with type II diabetes (34 men, 81 women) aged 18 to 94 years were enrolled in the study. Total osteocalcin and insulin were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured by a spectrophotometer. Results: Mean serum osteocalcin concentration in diabetic patients was significantly lower than those in control subjects (p ≤ 0.001). When the test was done between TOC and lipid profile, there was a moderate negative correlation between TOC and TCHOL. Which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). There was a moderate negative correlation between TOC and TG. Which was statistically non-significant (P = 0.057). There was a strong positive correlation between TOC and HDL. Which was statistically significant (P = 0.000). There was a weak positive correlation between TOC and LDL. That is statistically non-significant P = 0.105. Conclusion:Our findings showed a statistically highly significant negative correlation between TOC and fasting blood glucose concentration. Similarly, the correlation between FBG and ucOC, age, BMI, TCHOL, and HDL showed a negative correlation that was not significant.

Association of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin with cardiovascular disease and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Novel biomarkers of vascular disease in diabetes could help identify new mechanistic pathways. Osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin are key molecules involved in bone and vascular calcification processes, both of which are compromised in diabetes. We aimed to evaluate possible associations of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin concentrations were measured at enrolment in 848 participants with T2D from the Sapienza University Mortality and Morbidity Event Rate (SUMMER) Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02311244). Logistic regression models and propensity score matching were used to assess possible associations of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin with a history of CVD and with evidence of any grade of DR adjusting for confounders. Previous CVD was reported in 139 (16.4%) participants, while 144 (17.0%) had DR. After adjusting for possible confounders, osteocalcin but not osteoprotegerin or osteopontin concentrations were associated with a history of CVD (Odds Ratio [OR] and 95% CI for one standard deviation (SD) increase in osteocalcin concentrations (natural log): 1.35 (1.06-1.72), p=0.014). Associations with prevalent DR were seen for osteoprotegerin (OR for one SD increase in osteoprotegerin concentrations (natural log): 1.25 (1.01-1.55), p=0.047) and osteopontin (OR for one SD increase in osteopontin concentrations (natural log): 1.25 (1.02-1.53), p=0.022), but not osteocalcin. In T2D, higher serum osteocalcin concentrations are associated with macrovascular complications and higher osteoprotegerin and osteopontin concentrations with microvascular complications, suggesting that these osteokines might be involved in pathways directly related to vascular disease.

Age- and sex-specific differences in the association of serum osteocalcin and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

BackgroundSerum osteocalcin levels are closely related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to age and sex.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1500 patients with T2D (991 men and 509 women) aged ≥ 18 years old. The age- and sex-specific disparities in glycemic and lipid control, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated.ResultsThe levels of serum osteocalcin were significantly higher in women aged > 50 years compared with women aged ≤ 50 years (15.6 ± 6.5 ng/mL vs. 11.3 ± 4.5 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). However, this was lower in men aged > 50 years than men aged ≤ 50 years (12.2 ± 4.2 ng/mL vs. 12.9 ± 4.3 ng/mL, p = 0.0081). We performed correlation analyses of serum osteocalcin and cardiometabolic parameters. Serum osteocalcin concentrations were negative associated with FBG and HbA1c levels in women and men ≤ 50 years old, but not in men aged > 50 years old. Serum osteocalcin were negatively correlated with TG and positively correlated with HDL-C and LDL-C only in men aged ≤ 50 years. In binary logistic regression analysis, serum osteocalcin levels were associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, as follows: overweight/obese (odds ratio [OR], 0.944; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–0.991, p = 0.02) in men aged > 50 years; high HbA1C and high FBG in women and men aged ≤ 50 years, but not in men aged > 50 years; after adjustment for confounding factors, high TG (OR, 0.905; 95% CI 0.865–0.947, p < 0.0001), metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.914; 95% CI 0.874–0.956, p < 0.0001), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.933; 95% CI, 0.893–0.975, p = 0.002) were seen in men aged ≤ 50 years only.ConclusionsSerum osteocalcin level has significant relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors and several age- and sex-related differences in patients with T2D. Decreased serum osteocalcin levels are associated with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile.

Rat Serum Osteocalcin Concentration Is Decreased by Restriction of Energy Intake

We studied the effects of energy restriction on serum osteocalcin concentration and bone formation rate in rats. The experiment was designed to achieve energy restriction by reducing the carbohydrate intake while providing identical quantities of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Energy intakes of three groups of post-weaning male rats were restricted by 20, 40 and 60% for 4 wk. Serum calclum, phosphorus, transthyretin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations were determined. Energy restriction (20, 40 and 60%) produced a significant and gradual drop of serum osteocalcin concentrations, although the serum concentrations of its key regulators, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and iPTH, were not significantly affected. On the contrary, serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, transthyretin, T3 and T4 were significantly lower in the energy-restricted groups. However, our results do not support their implication in the regulation of serum osteocalcin synthesis by energy intake. Serum osteocalcin concentration was positively correlated with bone mineral apposition (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) and bone mineralization (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) rates suggesting that its decrease resulted from a reduction of bone formation, and not from abnormal mineralization, because osteoid seam thickness was not modified. Energy intake seems to be an important determinant of serum osteocalcin concentration and bone formation; however, the exact mechanism underlying this regulation remains to be determined.

Aging and Food Restriction Alter Some Indices of Bone Metabolism in Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Food restriction increases life span, reduces aging rate and affects a wide variety of biological functions. In rats, food restriction delays bone growth and reduces bone density and mineral content. We report the effects of aging and long-term (>6.0 y) food restriction on several indices of bone growth and metabolism in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Food allotments for controls approximated free access consumption, whereas food-restricted monkeys received 30% less food on a body weight basis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal age effects on serum alkaline phosphatase paralleled those reported for humans. Food restriction induced a significant delay in the developmental decline (to adult levels) in total alkaline phosphatase and significantly suppressed serum interleukin 6 concentrations, particularly in younger monkeys. Also, food restriction slowed skeletal growth, as reflected by shorter crown-rump length, and significantly reduced total body bone mineral content, but not bone mineral density, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analyses of serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate and osteocalcin concentrations suggested that the effects on skeletal growth were not related to alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis or a primary defect in bone formation. These findings suggest that long-term food restriction delays skeletal development in male rhesus monkeys while allowing the development of a reduced but otherwise normal skeleton.

The influence of sex and age on bone turnover markers in the adult to geriatric Kangal shepherd dogs.

The objective of this research was to learn more about bone metabolism in intact female and male Kangal shepherd dogs during the aging process following skeletal maturity. It also evaluated the potential application of biochemical bone indicators in veterinary clinical practice. Bone markers were determined as bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in this study. Kangal shepherd dogs of different age (adult, senior, and geriatric) and sex (male and female) groups were split into six groups of equal numbers (n=8/group). In this study, the effect of age was observed on serum BALP, OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations. Specifically, BALP was highest in geriatric female Kangal shepherd dogs, while serum OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations were highest in geriatric male Kangal shepherd dogs. However, no effects of sex and age-sex interactions were identified. Moreover, the effects of age, sex, and age-sex interactions had no significant effect on serum creatinine, CK, LDH, Mg, and P concentrations or ALT activities. However, only sex was found to affect serum AST activities and gradually decreased with age in females. The effect of age and age-sex interactions on serum Ca concentrations was significant (the lowest serum Ca concentrations were in geriatric females), but the effect of sex was not. These results show the effect of age and sex on bone turnover in Kangal shepherd dogs and provide information about bone biomarkers.

Osteocalcin serum concentrations and markers of energetic metabolism in pediatric patients. Systematic review and metanalysis.

Osteocalcin plays a role in glucose metabolism in mice, but its relevance in human energetic metabolism is controversial. Its relationship with markers of energetic metabolism in the pediatric population has not been systematically addressed in infants and adolescents. This study aims to assess the mean differences between tOC, ucOC, and cOC among healthy children and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) and the correlation of these bone molecules with metabolic markers. A systematic review and metanalysis were performed following PRISMA criteria to identify relevant observational studies published in English and Spanish using PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases. The risk of bias was assessed using New Castle-Ottawa scale. Effect size measures comprised standardized mean difference (SMD) and Pearson correlations. Heterogeneity and meta-regressions were performed. The 20 studies included were of high quality and comprised 3,000 pediatric patients who underwent tOC, cOC, or ucOC measurements. Among healthy subjects, there was a positive correlation of ucOC with WC and weight, a positive correlation of tOC with FPG, HDL-c, WC, height, and weight, and a negative correlation between tOC and HbA1c. Among diabetic subjects, a negative correlation of ucOC with HbA1c and glycemia in both T1D and T2D was found and a negative correlation between tOC and HbA1c in T1D but not in T2D. The ucOC concentrations were lower in T2D, T1D, and patients with abnormal glucose status than among controls. The serum concentrations of tOC concentrations were lower among T1D than in controls. The patient's age, altitude, and HbA1c influenced the levels of serum tOC. Osteocalcin is involved in energy metabolism in pediatric subjects because it is consistently related to metabolic and anthropometric parameters. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42019138283.

Efeito da caminhada com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo em idosas com osteoporose/osteopenia

Abstract Introduction The preservation of bone mass in elderly women is associated with better levels of practice of systematic physical exercises. Aerobic training combined with blood flow restriction seems to be a new alternative that determines this process, but knowledge gaps are still observed when referring to exercise associated with blood flow restriction (BFR) and adaptations on bone variables. Objective To analyze the chronic effects of aerobic training with and without BFR on bone mineral density and bone biomarker osteocalcin concentrations in older women. Methods Thirty women were randomized into the following groups: walking on a treadmill at low intensity with BFR; moderate treadmill walking with no BFR; only BFR (no exercise) for 20 minutes, twice a week, for 24 weeks. Bone mineral density was measured before and 24 weeks after intervention. Blood serum osteocalcin concentrations were measured before, 12 and 24 weeks after intervention. Results There were no differences between groups in bone mineral density (femoral neck, p = 0.31; total femur, p = 0.17; lumbar spin, p = 0.06) and osteocalcine (W(2) = 0.27; p = 0.87) ouctomes after 24 weeks of intervention. Conclusion There was no difference between walking training, blood flow restriction only, or walking+blood flow restriction on bone mineral density and osteocalcin concentrations after 24-weeks of intervention in older women with osteopenia/osteoporosis.

Serum bone metabolism biomarkers in healthy filies and colts from weaning until one year of age

This study aimed to investigate the serum concentration of osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (AP) in healthy-weaned-foals from 8 months of age until the first year of life. Moreover, the correlation of investigated parameters and foals' age, as well as the relationship between the serum values of PTH and the other markers of bone remodeling were assessed. From 20 foals (10 fillies, 10 colts), blood samples were monthly collected (from 8 to 12 months of age, T1-T5) and the concentration of OC, CT, Ca, P, ALP, AP and PTH was assessed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed age-related differences on OC concentration in both fillies (P = 0.008) and colts (P = 0.03) with higher OC values at T5 than T1 and T2. Sex-related effect on OC concentration was found with higher OC levels in colts compared to fillies (P = 0.01). A significant positive correlation between the OC, PTH, CT and APL values and foal's age was found in fillies and colts. PTH levels were positively correlated with the values of OC in fillies and colts. Obtained findings confirmed the dynamic bone turnover during growth in foals. The modification of PTH and OC confirmed the potential role of these parameters as indicator of bone growth and metabolism. The sex-related difference observed in OC concentration opens up new insights into the possible involvement of sex hormones in the regulation of bone metabolism in prepubertal foals.

Serum osteocalcin concentration as an independent biomarker of osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Osteocalcin, an osteoblast-derived hormone, is associated with the development of osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis in the general population. However, its role on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. Here, we investigated the connection between osteocalcin, bone mineral density (BMD), and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in CKD patients. In total, 95 patients with stage 2 to stage 5 CKD were enrolled. Serum osteocalcin levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and AAC scores were generated from lateral lumbar radiograph findings. 95 patients were assigned into normal bone density (30.5%, n = 29), osteopenia (45.3%, n = 43), and osteoporosis (24.2%, n = 23) groups. The osteoporosis group was characterized by older age, higher female-to-male ratio, phosphorous levels, calcification scores, osteocalcin levels, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, while with lower hemoglobin levels as compared to normal and osteopenia groups. Multivariate multinominal regression analysis showed age, female sex, intact PTH, and serum osteocalcin level were independent determinants of osteoporosis severity in CKD patients. Furthermore, serum osteocalcin level is positively correlated to intact PTH in multivariate linear regression model, indicating that osteocalcin might be a bone turnover marker in patients with CKD. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that age, diabetes mellitus, poorer renal function, rather than osteocalcin, have independent associations with AAC score. Elevated serum osteocalcin levels could be considered as a marker of osteoporosis rather than that of vascular calcification in patients with CKD.

Ambient ozone exposure and bone turnover markers in children: Results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts

BackgroundMultiple environmental factors can regulate bone metabolism, and it is hypothesized that air pollution may be deleteriously involved in this regulation. However, only a few studies considered bone turnover markers (BTMs) - sensitive and specific markers of bone metabolism - as outcomes, and no study investigated the exposure to ambient ozone. Here, we intended to explore the associations between long-term exposure to ambient ozone and concentrations of two BTMs, osteocalcin and β-isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), amongst 10-year-old children. MethodsBased on the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts, our cross-sectional analysis included 1848 children aged 10 years from Munich and Wesel. Serum osteocalcin and CTx concentrations were measured. We estimated ozone exposures by optimal interpolation, assessed nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm concentrations by land use regression models, and assigned the exposures to home addresses. Linear regression models were built and adjusted for covariates as well as co-pollutants. ResultsThe mean concentrations were 93.09 ng/mL and 663.66 ng/L for osteocalcin and CTx, respectively. In general, higher levels of ozone were associated with decreased concentrations of both BTMs. This held true for the two areas and different exposure metrics. The number of days per year with a maximum 8-h average concentration exceeding 120 μg/m³ showed consistent results across different models. Specifically, models adjusted for co-pollutants illustrated that the beta estimates and 95% confidence intervals on osteocalcin and CTx were −2.51 (−3.78, −1.14) and −44.53 (−57.12, −31.93), respectively, for an increase of 10 days. ConclusionsWe found that long-term exposure to ambient ozone was associated with decreased concentrations of BTMs in German children. This association might potentially affect bone metabolism. Nevertheless, unless other prospective studies confirm our results, the detrimental effects of ambient ozone on bone development in children should be interpreted cautiously.

Total n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Linoleic Acid Dietary Intakes Are Associated With Lower Serum Osteocalcin Among Postmenopausal Women

ObjectivesOur research group has recently shown that plasma linoleic acid (LA), an essential n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), was inversely associated with whole body bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score in a general US adult population. We aimed to determine whether dietary LA, arachidonic acid (AA) or total n-6 intake are likewise associated with serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD at sites prone to fracture, including total hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck, among postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of healthy women (N = 34; 50–65 years) with onset of menopause < 5 years. Fasting serum samples were obtained, and BMD indexes were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the same visit. BMD values were converted to T-scores. Three-day food records were collected, and calorie-adjusted nutrient intakes calculated using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC, a bone formation biomarker) and C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTX, a bone resorption biomarker) were measured by ELISA. Relationships between LA and each BMD T-score and serum BTM were assessed using linear regression adjusting for age, race, and body mass index. ResultsTotal n-6 PUFA and LA intakes were not significantly associated with any BMD T-scores. AA intake was positively associated with lumbar spine BMD T-score [β = 10.4, (95% CI: 0.3, 20.5), P < 0.04]. For serum BTMs, total n-6 PUFA and LA intakes were inversely associated with serum osteocalcin [β = –6.8, 95% CI: (–13.2, –0.5) and β = –6.8, 95% CI: (–13.1, –0.5) respectively, both P < 0.05] but not significantly associated with serum CTX. AA intake was not significantly associated with either BTM. ConclusionsDietary intake of total n-6 PUFAs and LA were inversely associated serum OC, while AA intake was positively associated with lumbar spine BMD. Cellular mechanistic and intervention studies in clinical populations are needed to confirm effects of total n-6 PUFA, LA, and AA intake on bone formation and BMD over time. Funding SourcesNational Institutes of Health, John and Mary Brock Discovery Fund.

Long-Term Administration of Equol and Resveratrol Improves Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

ObjectivesEstrogen deficiency is a major cause of postmenopausal bone loss. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of two phytoestrogens, equol and resveratrol, on bone turnover biomarkers (BTMs) in recently menopausal women aged 50–55 years. MethodsSixty postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg of fermented soy containing 20 mg of equol and 25 mg of resveratrol (1 tablet/day), or placebo for 12 months. BTMs, such as osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were measured at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. ResultsDemographic and baseline characteristics were similar across treatment arms. At the end of treatment, OC (30.05 ± 7.15 vs 23.24 ± 5.4), BAP (48 ± 6.59 vs 45.45 ± 2.67), and DPD (12.08 ± 3.96 vs 14.07 ± 3.01) significantly improved in the active group, compared with baseline. We also found significant changes in the serum concentration of OC, BAP, and DPD (P < 0.001) compared with placebo. ConclusionsThese data indicate that a combination of equol and resveratrol may positively modulate some BTMs and represent a potential approach to improve age-related bone loss in postmenopausal women. Funding SourcesThe present study was funded, in part, by a grant from Paolo Sorbini Foundation, Milano, Italy.

Effect of active vitamin D treatment on development of type 2 diabetes: DPVD randomised controlled trial in Japanese population

ObjectiveTo assess whether eldecalcitol, an active vitamin D analogue2, can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes among adults with impaired glucose tolerance.DesignDouble blinded, multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled trial.SettingThree hospitals...

Characterization and modeling of the serum concentration of osteocalcin in breeding sows and its interaction with biochemical indicators: A review.

Adipose, muscle, and bone tissues modulate the metabolic state of mammals. However, the role of bone tissue as a metabolic state modulator in sows has not been studied. During the gestation-lactation transition, sows undergo metabolic adaptations to meet their nutritional requirements. Among these adaptations, bone remodeling is characterized by the synthesis and inhibition of hormones that participate, together with hormones from other tissues, in fetal development and lactogenesis. Osteocalcin is a hormone synthesized by the bone tissue which has been associated in different biological models with the improvement of the metabolic state. However, in sows, published results on the concentration of osteocalcin are scarce, and its concentration throughout the reproductive cycle is unknown. Therefore, with information from published trials on the measurement of serum osteocalcin, a structured review was conducted under the following objectives: (1) to review the promising effect of osteocalcin on energy metabolism in different models and (2) to characterize and model the serum concentrations of osteocalcin during the reproductive cycle of the sow. According to the review, the results obtained for humans and other animal models suggest that osteocalcin regulates energy metabolism, which has been associated with the need for integrated metabolism to cope with the metabolic demand during gestation and lactation in mammals. If these effects are significant in the sow, current recommendations for dietary balance should be reconsidered, particularly during the gestation-lactation transition period. According to mathematical modeling, it was the period in which the lowest concentration of osteocalcin was found.