Blood Serum Lipids Research Articles

Theaflavin-3,3'-Digallate Protects Liver and Kidney Functions in Diabetic Rats by Up-Regulating Circ-ITCH and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG) in black tea has a strong antioxidant capacity. However, its effect on diabetic liver and kidney injury and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, our findings indicated that TFDG administration effectively lowers the fasting blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations and enhances the functionality and cellular architecture of the liver and kidney in rats with diabetes. The data also showed that TFDG mitigates oxidative harm in the liver and kidney of rats afflicted with diabetes. Additionally, metformin combined with TFDG was significantly more effective in reducing blood glucose and oxidative stress. Further studies suggested that TFDG upregulates the Nrf2 signal pathway and circ-ITCH (hsa_circ_0001141) expression. Silencing of circ-ITCH by transfection of the interfering plasmid apparently reduces the effects of TFDG on the Nrf2 signal pathway and oxidative stress in high-glucose-treated hepatic and renal cells. In conclusion, the present study highlights the great potential of TFDG in ameliorating diabetic liver and kidney injury by up-regulating circ-ITCH to promote the Nrf2 signal pathway and provides a potential option for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.

Bischofia javanica and Phaleria macrocarpa nano herbal combination on blood and liver-kidney biochemistry in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-induced rats

This research explores a contemporary approach to managing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) by integrating nano-technology into herbal production, combining Bischofia javanica leaves and Phaleria macrocarpa fruits. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced OSCC rats were treated with nano herbals from Bischofia javanica leaves, Phaleria macrocarpa fruits, a combination of both, and Vitamin C as a control. Blood and organ analyses were compared with negative and positive controls. BaP induction in OSCC revealed cell transformation into carcinoma, confirmed by Papanicolaou staining. OSCC induction also caused significant changes in Complete Blood Count (CBC) and serum lipid profile. Nano herbals from both plants showed potential in reducing hematological and lipid damage in OSCC, especially in white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. Statistical analysis also indicated that the combination of nano herbals was more effective in reducing (Low-Density Lipoprotein) LDL and total cholesterol levels than uncombined use while increasing (High-Density Lipoprotein) HDL levels comparable to Vitamin C. Liver and kidney functions were also significantly affected by OSCC, with nano herbals showing potential in normalizing albumin levels and positively impacting liver enzymes. In conclusion, both individually and in combination, nano herbals from Bischofia javanica leaves, and Phaleria macrocarpa fruits have the potential to be a promising treatment strategy for OSCC.

Mendelian randomization in eye disorders (review)

Background: Mendelian randomization (MR) is an analytic approach in genetic epidemiology which uses the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to assess causal relationships between various risk factors and phenotypes of interest (or diseases) in ophthalmology. The aim of the study: To describe the current opportunities for the use of MR in ophthalmic research. Materials and methods: We searched Scopus, Medline and Web of Science journals up to August 2022 using the PRISMA protocol “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. The following information was extracted: identified risk factor(s) and disease(s), design of Mendelian randomization study, sensitivity analysis(es) performed if any, genetic instrument(s) used, and also whether the causal relationship between risk and outcome was confirmed by the results of the study. Results: The current review included a total of 37 publications that tested 211 associations of a risk factor with an ophthalmic disease. The articles included were published in peer-reviewed journals up to August 2022 with 25 of them (67,5%) published in 2020 or later. The MR method indicated the causal role of blood serum lipids, C-reactive protein, free thyroxine, smoking and alcohol intake in the development of age-related macular degeneration. For glaucoma, type 2 diabetes, serum glucose, refractive abnormalities, and elevated intraocular pressure have been shown to be significant. MR analysis revealed the role of elevated intraocular pressure, level of education, body weight at birth in the development of refractive errors. The role of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and smoking in the development of cataracts was determined using the MR method. Conclusion: The results of 97 MR analyses in ophthalmology have revealed a significant role of a number of risk factors in the development of eye diseases, which will serve as a guideline for clinical trials and drug development.

Effects of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharide acid hydrolysate on glucose metabolism in diabetic mice under oxidative stress

BackgroundOxidative stress can lead to uncontrolled glucose metabolism and, thus, diabetes. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides possess biological activities, such as antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, but their mechanism of their acid hydrolysates on oxidative stress-injured glucose metabolism disorders is unclear. PurposeUsing diabetic mice, we investigated the effect of the acid hydrolysate of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. on improving diabetes. Study design and MethodsThe structural information of sample polysaccharides was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resolution, and high performance liquid chromatography. The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. For eight consecutive weeks, the mice were orally administered sample polysaccharides (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w. per day) for intervention. The improvement effect of the samples on diabetes was explored by detecting the changes in biochemical indicators in mice, and the underlying mechanism was studied by transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. ResultsThe results showed that acid hydrolysate of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides consisted mainly of mannose, xylose, glucuronic acid, and glucose; its weight-averaged molecular weight was 6.3842 × 104 Dalton, its number average molecular weight was 2.9594 × 104 Dalton; and the molecule contained α-Glc(1→4)-, β-Glc(1→3)-, and β-Man(1→4)-linked glycosidic bonds. A total of 100 mg/kg b.w. per day sample was the best intervention concentration. After eight weeks of intervention, the sample polysaccharides significantly reduced dynamic blood glucose and serum lipids, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, promoted glucagon like peptide-1 and insulin secretion, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviated insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that sample polysaccharides was able to ameliorate disorders of glucose metabolism by modulating gene expression such as glucokinase; and modulate the state of oxidative stress in mice in vivo by regulating the glutathione metabolism pathway. ConclusionAcid hydrolysate of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides improved glucose metabolism disorders by slowing down the oxidative stress injury in mice, thereby alleviating diabetes. This study provided a basis for determining the underlying mechanism of the antidiabetic effect of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides, which would significantly improve the deep development and application of these materials in diabetes control.

Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota during three consecutive trimesters of pregnancy and their correlation with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism

IntroductionDuring normal pregnancy, changes in the gut microbiota (GM) in response to physiological alterations in hormonal secretion, immune functions and homeostasis have received extensive attention. However, the dynamic changes in the GM during three consecutive trimesters of pregnancy and their relationship with glucose and lipid metabolism have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the diversity and species of the GM during three consecutive trimesters in women who naturally conceived, and their relationships with abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipid levels.MethodsA total of 30 pregnant women without any known chronic or autoimmune inflammatory disease history before pregnancy were enrolled during the first trimester. Serum and stool samples were collected during the first trimester, the second trimester, and the third trimester. Serum samples were tested for FBG and blood lipid levels, and stool specimens were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsThe abundance ratio of bacteroidetes/firmicutes showed an increasing tendency in most of the subjects (19/30, 63.3%) from the first to the third trimester. LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of Bilophila was significantly increased from the first to the third trimester. In addition, at the genus level, the increased relative abundance of Mitsuokella, Clostridium sensu stricto and Weissella were potentially involved in the development of high FBG during pregnancy. The raised relative abundance of Corynebacterium, Rothia and Granulicatella potentially contributed to the occurrence of dyslipidemia during pregnancy.ConclusionsThere are dynamic changes in the GM during the three trimesters, and the alterations in some bacterium abundance may contribute to the development of high FBG and dyslipidemia during pregnancy. Monitoring enterotypes and correcting dysbiosis in the first trimester may become new strategies for predicting and preventing glucolipid metabolism disorders during pregnancy.

HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE PHYTOCOMPLEX OF THE HERB PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA BENTH.

Introduction. The use of phenolic compounds as agents for preventing the risk of developing various cardiovascular diseases, as well as the prospect of creating new modern highly effective drugs based on them, is of current practical interest. The aim of the study is to identify the hypolipidemic activity of the phytocomplex of the herb Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., and the possibility of its use in herbal preparations for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. Material and methods. The object of research was a herb of phacelia tanacetifolia, grown in the Neftekumsky region. The herb was collected during flowering and dried by air-shadowing method. The study of hypolipidemic activity was carried out on 24 white female Wistar rats weighing 270290 g. In the experiment, a Tween model of hyperlipidemia was created and used: a single intraperitoneal injection of Tween-80 at a dose of 250 mg / 100 g of body weight. Lipid profile analysis was carried out on a biochemical analyzer RAL CLIMA MC-15 using reagents from DiaSys, manufactured in Germa-ny. Results. Based on the level of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins, it was found that the phytocomplex significantly exceeded the values of the reference drug (fenofibrate-canon). Conclusions. In conditions of twin hyperlipidemia, therapeutic and prophylactic administration of the Phacelia tanacetifolia phytocomplex at a dose of 300 mg/kg helps to normalize blood serum lipid metabolism.

Exploring Performance and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Broilers: The Influence of Lysophospholipid Supplement Levels and Dietary Fat Sources in Diets

This study aimed to assess the influence of integrating a lysophospholipid (LPL) nutritional supplement with fat on blood serum lipids' constitution, the cecum's microbial population, and the expression of genes involved in controlling liver fat metabolism in juvenile chickens. A factorial complete randomized design encompassed 1440 one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross 308 variety. The study was performed by 12 treatments and 12 replications for each treatment. Blood and liver specimens were gathered for examination. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that the addition of LPL and various fat levels had a notable impact on the levels of triglycerides in the blood serum, along with the expression of genes linked to liver fat metabolism (p≤0.05). Furthermore, the administration of LPL led to an increase in the population of Lactobacillus bacteria within the cecum of the examined avian species (p≤0.05). Nevertheless, no significant effects on overall performance were detected (p>0.05). This study underscores the significance of lysophospholipids in poultry nutrition and liver function and proposes the necessity for further exploration into diverse genes and sources of fat. Comprehending the gender-specific variances in lipid metabolism pathways is essential for upholding the health and productivity of poultry. These discoveries establish a solid groundwork for enhancing poultry nutrition and production efficiency to fulfill producers' economic requirements and consumers' health needs.

Antihyperlipidemic and cardiopreventive properties of Arabic gum in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background/Aim Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have a negative impact on human health and the economy worldwide. Diabetic patients are at a high risk of dying from cardiovascular diseases. Arabic gum (AG) is a natural product that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the antihyperlipidemic and cardiopreventive efficacy and to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of AG in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in rats. Material and methods Three groups of 18 adult (6 each) male Wistar rats each were used for the experiment. The first group was the normal control group, which received 0.9% NaCl daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The rats in the second group were injected with 60 mg/kg b.w. STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) intraperitoneally (IP), after being given intraperitoneally 120 mg/kg b.w. NA. They also received 0.9% NaCl daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The third group was treated with 20 mg AG/kg b.w./day suspended in 0.9% NaCl by oral gavage for 8 weeks after inducing DM in the same way as the second group. Results Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were observed in DM rats. They also had significantly higher levels (P<0.05) of serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which indicate heart dysfunction. The diabetic heart suffered from oxidative stress, as shown by significant increases (P<0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase values (SOD). AG treatment improved blood glucose and serum lipid levels, as well as heart function biomarkers in serum. AG also reduced oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant defenses in the diabetic heart. Immune-inflammatory markers, such as nuclear factor-kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α and apoptotic protein p53 expressions were elevated in diabetic rats (P<0.05) markedly, but the treatment with AG exhibited normal levels for them. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrated that AG has a preventive role against heart injury in NA/STZ-induced DM in rats. AG improved the metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory status as well as apoptosis and their cardiac function in diabetic rats. Moreover, AG improved the histological picture of cardiac myocytes and therefore, it may be a potential natural remedy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

A comparative study of the benefits of monotherapy rosiglitazone versus rosiglitazone with insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Background: Diabetes is often associated with dyslipidemia, where plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile alterations increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Insulin resistance increases the risk of hyperinsulin and atherosclerosis, developing hypertension and diabetes. Patients with diabetes suffer from metabolic disorders in carbohydrates, fat, and proteins associated with hyperglycemia. Hence reducing insulin resistance is a therapeutic approach to treating diabetes. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of monotherapy rosiglitazone, gemfibrozil, and insulin versus rosiglitazone, gemfibrozil, and insulin combination in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Materials and Methods: 42-Wistar rats of either sex were used in this study, except for the control group, streptozocin was used to induce diabetes. These rats were further allocated into five groups, each group consists of eight animals. Blood serum was used to estimate blood glucose and serum lipid levels were observed after a period of 6 weeks. Results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Combination therapy of insulin + rosiglitazone + gemfibrozil showed a significant decrease in serum blood glucose, lipid levels in compared with vehicle and rosiglitazone groups. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated a more favorable lipid profile than the monotherapy regimen; adding gemfibrozil and insulin to rosiglitazone could help reverse the cardiovascular adverse events it causes.

Therapeutic Effects of Nigella sativa Oil and Whole Seeds on STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Study.

Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasing health problem that has negative impacts on patients and healthcare systems, worldwide. The development of new therapies with better efficacy, fewer side effects, and lower prices are urgently needed to treat this disease. To evaluate and compare the therapeutic effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seed and oil on the biochemical parameters and regeneration of pancreatic islets (or islets of Langerhans) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rat model was prepared by administering a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight). The whole seed or the oil of N. sativa was administered to the diabetic and control groups for a period of 28 days, but not to the negative and STZ controls. Serum blood glucose, liver enzymes, lipid profile, and renal function tests (uric acid, albumin, total protein, urea, and creatinine) were measured in all groups. After the rats were euthanized, their pancreases were extracted, and then sectioned and fixed on slides in preparation before staining with H&E stain and immunohistochemical study. Treatment of STZ-diabetic rats with N. sativa seeds or oil significantly improved their serum glucose levels, lipid profiles, and liver and renal functions as well as preserved the integrity of pancreatic β cells. N. sativa seeds and oil demonstrate significant therapeutic improvement effects on DM and its related complications including effective protection of islets of Langerhans. The therapeutic benefits of N. sativa seeds and oil on DM and its related complications are comparable.

Therapeutic Measures from Cardiovascular Damage using Statins, Acetylsalicylic Acid during the Abuse of Irrational Cycles of Anabolic Steroids in Bodybuilder Who Were Infected with the COVID-19

Introduction: We are increasingly witnessing the self-initiated, uncontrolled stacking of incompatible anabolic substances in various cycles in the young Balkan Recreational Bodybuilding population group, increasingly frequent acts of violence in our country and the emergence of a neglected and very silent epidemic that is taking on an increasingly aggressive course of illness and psychological behavior. Black market anabolic steroids are associated with many generally health problems and uncontrolled aggression behavior by abusers. Young unsolicited recreate bodybuilding are also associated with generalized atherosclerosis and potential increased high risk for heart disease that can structural and functional damage the cardiovascular system during muscle mass steroid cycles. Besides high calorie intake, elevating serum blood lipid cholesterol levels LDL lowering HDL levels, elevating, systolic and diastolic blood pressure take a certain participation in cardiovascular risk and therefor need a development of certain cardiovascular protection strategies for this avoiding medical supervision anabolic steroids abuser group which are not yet appropriate established. The aim of the short study was to estimate Cardiovascular Protective Strategy Measures on lipid levels, and blood pressure status in a young recreational bodybuilder with different ethnic groups who Abuse Anabolic Steroids during controversial and different mass Cycles with and without taking Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) and Statins. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted from beginning of January, 2022 till end of July, 2022. 140 subjects are included age 17-30 (74 male Recreational Bodybuilder Who Abuse Anabolic Steroids on Simvastatin’s 10mg and Acetylsalicylic Acid 150mg doses of (ASA) and 10 grams of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during mass Steroid Cycles and 66 impellers group of male Recreational Bodybuilder Who Abuse Anabolic Steroids consisting without consume Statins and Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) during mass Steroid Cycles). For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the exanimated groups non-parameter and parameter tests were used. The difference at a level of p< (0,001) was statistically significant. Results: In all the tested subjects we investigated increasing lipid levels and blood pressure after six months of study. Analysis shows the statistically insignificant influence of antiplatelet therapy (150mg Acetylsalicylic acid) (ASA), combined with Simvastatin 10mg p<(0,001) in steroid abuse subjects during irrational muscle mass steroid cycles. Conclusion: Lack of familiarity with combinations of anabolic substances, as well as the danger of oral applications of very harmful steroids from the former Soviet Union and German Democratic Republic (GDR), this study showed. Avoidance of physician supervision by recreate bodybuilders by deceiving of the athletic subjectivity look, seams appears almost always in gym. This cardiovascular protective measures have poor benefit appeared to be usefully blind preventing strategy of controlling blood lipid levels during muscle mass steroid cycles, with no guaranty of worsen cardiovascular condition by abusing anabolic steroids. The influence of the reflection of the COVID 19 virus on such dramatic therapeutic results in this population group of two groups cannot be ruled out for sure.

Association among serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, lipid profile and metabolic syndrome in Czech adults, HBM-EHES survey 2019.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of persistent synthetic chemicals widely used commercially. They accumulate increasingly in all environmental components and enter the organisms, including humans. Some of them are associated with the risk of harm to health, among others with metabolic disorders. To test the associations between blood serum levels of PFASs and blood lipid profile as well as metabolic syndrome, we linked human biomonitoring with the Czech Health Examination Survey (CZ-EHES) conducted in 2019. A total of 168 participants of the CZ-EHES survey aged 25-64 years were examined including anthropometrical data and analyses for serum PFAS and blood lipid levels. Extended model approach in multiple linear regression models was used for identification of the associations between serum levels of 11 PFASs and lipid profile components. The relation between PFAS serum levels and metabolic syndrome prevalence was tested using a logistic regression model. Six PFASs were detected over the limit of quantification in at least 40% cases and were examined in subsequent analyses: perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA). The most dominant was PFOS with the mean value amounting to 4.81 ng/ml. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found a significant positive association between serum PFHxS and blood total cholesterol (p = 0.005) as well as LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.008). Significant positive association was also found between PFDA and HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.010). No significant associations were detected between PFASs and triglycerides, and between PFASs and metabolic syndrome. We found some evidence of a significant association between blood serum PFAS levels and blood cholesterol levels. Our results did not confirm an association between serum PFASs and the metabolic syndrome prevalence.

Association between Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Its Importance as a Genetic Biomarker

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a prevalence ranging from 18.8% to 61.9% in India. For patients with T2DM, identifying those who are at risk of developing DPN is crucial for planning and implementing secondary preventive interventions, as well as for stepping up efforts to address risk factors. Very few studies have discovered a connection between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms and the onset and progression of DPN in T2DM. Objectives: The current study intends to investigate the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism with T2DM and DPN subjects among the South Tamil Nadu regional population. Materials and Methods: Thirty T2DM patients with DPN, 30 T2DM patients without DPN, and 30 control (nondiabetic) subjects were enrolled in this study. DPN was diagnosed using clinical and neurophysiological evaluation. Blood samples were collected and subjected to relevant investigations including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and serum lipids. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to genotype the DNA for ACE I/D polymorphism using specific primers. Results: The ACE genotypes were distributed as II, 17 (57%); DD, 3 (10%); and ID, 10 (33%) in control group; II, 7 (23%); DD, 11 (37%); and ID, 12 (40%) in T2DM without DPN group, II, 3 (10%); DD, 16 (53%); and ID, 11 (37%) in T2DM with DPN group. The frequency of DD genotype was significantly higher in T2DM (P = 0.03) and T2DM patients with DPN (P = 0.001) compared to controls. The DD genotype versus II genotype was found to be associated with an increased risk of DPN (odds ratio [OR] = 10.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.55–41.37). The D allele was more frequent among T2DM patients with DPN (71.6%) followed by T2DM patients (56.6%) compared to controls (26.6%). The D allele (vs. the I allele) is associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.670–7.742) and DPN (OR = 6.95, 95% CI = 3.120–15.507). Conclusion: The D allele and DD genotype of the ACE gene may both be risk factors for T2DM; in fact, the D allele of this polymorphism may potentially be linked to the development of DPN in T2DM patients. This finding implies that it may be possible to prevent DPN by early detection by identifying defects in ACE I/D polymorphisms in the south Indian regional population.

Metabolomic Insight into Implications of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

The present study compares two groups of locally advanced patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCHRT), specifically those for whom it is a first-line treatment and those who have previously received induction chemotherapy (iCHT). The crucial question is whether iCHT is a serious burden during subsequent treatment for LA-HNSCC and how iCHT affects the tolerance to cCHRT. Of the 107 LA-HNSCC patients, 54 received cisplatin-based iCHT prior to cCHRT. The patients were clinically monitored at weekly intervals from the day before until the completion of the cCHRT. The 843 blood samples were collected and divided into two aliquots: for laboratory blood tests and for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer). The NMR metabolites and the clinical parameters from the laboratory blood tests were analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) and the Mann-Whitney U test (MWU). After iCHT, the patients begin cCHRT with significantly (MWU p-value < 0.05) elevated blood serum lipids, betaine, glycine, phosphocholine, and reticulocyte count, as well as significantly lowered NMR inflammatory markers, serine, hematocrit, neutrophile, monocyte, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and CRP. During cCHRT, a significant increase in albumin and psychological distress was observed, as well as a significant decrease in platelet, N-acetyl-cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, in patients who received iCHT. Importantly, all clinical symptoms (except the decreased platelets) and most metabolic alterations (except for betaine, serine, tyrosine, glucose, and phosphocholine) resolve until the completion of cCHRT. In conclusion, iCHT results in hematological toxicity, altered lipids, and one-carbon metabolism, as well as downregulated inflammation, as observed at the beginning and during cCHRT. However, these complications are temporary, and most of them resolve at the end of the treatment. This suggests that iCHT prior to cCHRT does not pose a significant burden and should be considered as a safe treatment option for LA-HNSCC.

Productivity, metabolites of blood serum lipid metabolism and chemical composition of the broiler chicken liver on the background of feeding emulsifiers

Emulsifiers are used in animal nutrition to improve fat emulsification and increase absorption. The liver is the central organ controlling lipid homeostasis. The aim of the research was identification the effect of feeding various types of substances with emulsifying properties: soy lecithin and Lesimaks Premium feed additive on productivity, metabolites of lipid metabolism in blood serum and the chemical composition of the liver of broiler chickens. Our studies show the effectiveness of "Lesimaks Premium" to a greater extent in comparison with soy lecithin. By the end of the experiment, the lead in live weight of broiler chickens compared to the control was 7.9%. In the experiment, both emulsifiers changed the fatty acid composition of the liver, while oleic acid increased and linoleic acid decreased in the liver, against the background of an increase in HDL and a decrease in serum LDL. The study highlights the promising potential for improving broiler performance through the use of emulsifiers in diets.

Blood glucose level and serum lipid profiles among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based versus efavirenz-based cART; a comparative cross-sectional study

Background Antiretroviral therapy-linked metabolic abnormalities have become a growing concern among people living with HIV. There is limited data regarding the effects of dolutegravir-based treatment on blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles in people living with HIV in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess blood glucose levels and serum lipid profiles among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based versus efavirenz-based therapy. Method and materials An institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 30 June 2021 to 30 August 2021. A total of 128 participants (64 in the dolutegravir-based group and 64 in the efavirenz-based group) were enrolled in the study. The Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and logistic regression were used as appropriate statistical tests using SPSS Version 26.0 for this study. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were 17.2% (11/64) and 79.7% (51/64) in the dolutegravir group, and 9.4% (6/64) and 75% (48/64) in the efavirenz group, respectively. The efavirenz group had significantly higher mean values of total cholesterol (190.73 ± 44.13 vs. 175.27 ± 37.67 mg/dl, p = 0.035) and high-density lipoprotein (47.53 ± 14.25 vs. 40.92 ± 13.17 mg/dl, p = 0.007) than the dolutegravir group. For a Kg/m2 increase in BMI and for each month’s increase in the duration of HIV, the patients were 66% (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.44), and 13% (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.23) more likely to have hyperglycemia, respectively. In contrast, female patients were 3.04 times more likely to have dyslipidemia (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.14, 8.05) as compared to male patients, and with an increase in CD4 cell count of 1 cell/mm3, the odds of dyslipidemia increased by 0.3% (AOR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.006). Conclusion Efavirenz-based therapy resulted in higher mean values of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein as compared with dolutegravir-based therapy. It is important to consider and evaluate high-density lipoprotein levels in HIV patients on dolutegravir-based therapy, and total cholesterol levels in people living with HIV on efavirenz-based therapy.

In silico, in vitro and in vivo safety assessment of three Limosilactobacillus mucosae strains for probiotic candidates

Previous studies indicated that Limosilactobacillus mucosae had a good ability to regulate lipid metabolism, however, there was limited research on its safety. In this study, we assessed the safety of three L. mucosae strains including genotypes and phenotype, subacute oral toxicity test, and their influences on immunosuppressed mice. The results showed that there were no virulence genes or genetic islands with clear pathogenicity in the genomes of L. mucosae DCC1HL5, FZJTZ26M3, and GD16M9. All three strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, additionally, DCC1HL5 was resistant to kanamycin and tetracycline, but the possibility of horizontal transfer of their resistance genes was relatively low. L. mucosae DCC1HL5, FZJTZ26M3, and GD16M9 did not produce biogenic amine, and α-hemolysis was found. The results of the 28-day subacute oral toxicity test showed that 109 CFU of each strain did not cause significant abnormalities in various aspects such as body weight, organ indexes, histopathology, hematological parameters, fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, liver parameters, and intestinal inflammation in both healthy and immunosuppressed mice. Therefore, L. mucosae DCC1HL5, FZJTZ26M3, and GD16M9 have the potential for safe application in functional foods.

Dietary polyphenol intake, body composition and components of metabolic syndrome in a sample overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe health benefits of dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) including improved lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and reduced systemic inflammation has revealed previously. However, the results of numerous studies are not consistent and it seems that these health effects are attributed to some of DPI. In the current research, we evaluated the health benefits of DPI on metabolic markers and glycemic markers among overweight and obese individuals.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 487 individuals with overweight and obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the amount of dietary polyphenol intake were calculated based on the information derived from Phenol-Explorer database (www.phenolexplorer.eu/contents). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Biochemical assays including fasting blood sugar, insulin and serum lipids’ concentrations were measured by enzymatic methods.ResultsAccording to our results, males were more likely to be at the highest tertile of DPI (P = 0.04). Also, those at the highest tertile of DPI had higher fat free mass and physical activity level (P < 0.05). Lower TG level in highest tertile of DPI in crude model was also observed, but, it lost its significant threshold after adjustment for confounders. Subjects at the second tertile of DPI were more likely to have lower systolic blood pressure in the sex and age adjusted model [OR = 0.970; CI = 0.940-1.000; P = 0.049]. For other biochemical variables, no significant association was observed.ConclusionIn the current study, total dietary polyphenol intake was associated with lower SBP among overweight and obese individuals. Further studies are warranted to better elucidate the observed results.

Age-induced aortic modifications are accompanied by alterations in the antioxidant defense system in female rats

IntroductionAging leads to significant structural and functional changes in blood vessels, which disrupt their normal function and impact cardiovascular health. Current research is actively exploring the NRF2 antioxidative pathway, recognizing its role in protecting cells by preserving their antioxidant defenses against damage. However, there has been limited exploration into the role of the NRF2 pathway in vascular aging. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether age-related changes in the aorta are associated with variations in the baseline levels of antioxidant enzymes, with a particular emphasis on how the NRF2 pathway operates in the aortic wall.MethodsA group of healthy aging female SD rats was compared with their younger counterparts. Various assessments were conducted, including measuring blood pressure, analyzing serum lipid profiles, examining aortic tissue, and assessing the expression of antioxidant enzymes.ResultsThe results revealed significant differences in both blood pressure and serum lipid levels between the aged and younger rats. The examination of the aorta in older rats showed structural alterations, increased apoptosis, and the accumulation of fatty deposits. In the older rats, levels of SOD-1 (superoxide dismutase) and GSS (glutathione synthetase) were lower, whereas NRF2, KEAP-1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), and HO-1 (Heme oxygenase 1) were higher.DiscussionThis study advances our understanding of how aging affects the antioxidant system in blood vessels, particularly in relation to the regulation of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway in the aorta. These findings suggest that targeting the NRF2/HO-1 pathway could present anovel therapeutic approach for addressing age-related vascular issues.

Mulberry leaf multi-components exert hypoglycemic effects through regulation of the PI-3K/Akt insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevancePhytochemicals have unique advantages in the treatment of diabetes due to their multi-target activity and low toxicity. Mulberry leaves, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have been used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes for centuries. The main active ingredients in mulberry leaves with regards to the hypoglycemic effect are 1-deoxynojirimycin, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. However, the combined hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of mulberry leaf multi-components remain unclear. Aim of the studyThis study explored the anti-diabetic effects of mulberry leaf multi-components (MMC) and the role of the PI-3K/Akt insulin signalling pathway in improving insulin resistance. Materials and methodsThe main chemical components of MMC were analyzed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method, aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite method, and HPLC-ultraviolet/fluorescence detection method. The T2DM rat model was created via feeding a high-fat diet and peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were divided into four groups: model, model plus metformin, model plus low-dose, and model plus high-dose MMC groups (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively), and plus normal group for a total of five groups. MMC was administered by oral gavage for six weeks. Fasting blood glucose and serum lipid profiles were measured using a glucometer and an automatic biochemistry analyzer, respectively. Serum insulin and adipocytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA. Hepatic glucose metabolizing enzyme activity was evaluated by ELISA and the double antibody sandwich method. Expression of PI-3K/Akt signalling pathway proteins was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. ResultsExtracted 1-deoxynojirimycin, flavonoid, and polysaccharide purity was 70.40%, 52.34%, and 32.60%, respectively. These components were then mixed at a ratio of 1:6:8 to form MMC. MMC significantly reduced serum glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. In diabetic rats, MMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and alleviated inflammatory and oxidative damage by lowing adipocytokine levels and increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activity. Insulin resistance was also mitigated. MMC regulated the activity of key downstream enzymes of hepatic glucose metabolism via activating the expression of PI-3K, Akt, PDX-1, and GLUT4 at the mRNA and protein levels, thereby correcting hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders and exerting a hypoglycemic effect. ConclusionMMC ameliorated hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders and improved insulin resistance in T2DM rats by activating the PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results highlight the multi-component, multi-target, and combined effects of MMC, and suggest it may be further developed as a hypoglycemic drug.