Serum Biochemical Values Research Articles

BILIARY DUCTAL PLATE MALFORMATION WITH SECONDARY PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND MULTIPLE ACQUIRED SHUNTS IN A LITTER OF AMUR TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICA).

Congenital abnormalities in tigers (Panthera tigris) are infrequently reported but have included ectrodactyly, cataracts, and vestibular disease. Primary hepatic disease has been documented in multiple nondomestic felid species but is considered uncommon in tigers. To the authors' knowledge, there are no previous reports of congenital abnormalities of the liver in tigers. In May 2022, two male Amur tiger cubs (Panthera tigris altaica) were born at a zoological institution via cesarean section to address dystocia, following the natural birth of a female cub. Between two and six months of age, all three cubs developed progressive lethargy, inappetence, and neurological signs consistent with hepatic encephalopathy, including obtundation and ataxia. In all three cases, serum biochemical values revealed progressive, marked elevations in hepatic enzyme levels with reduction in hepatic synthetic products (albumin, urea, cholesterol). Computed tomographic imaging showed a large cluster of aberrant tortuous vessels craniomedial to the left kidney in all three tigers, consistent with acquired extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Histologic examination of the livers identified biliary ductal plate malformations. This report details the presentation, clinical findings, diagnoses, and therapeutic interventions attempted in three Amur tiger cubs with biliary ductal plate malformation and subsequent portal hypertension with multiple acquired portosystemic shunts, an unusual abnormality not previously reported in non-domestic felids.

Sub-acute dermal toxicity of Jatropha curcas Linn. leaf extract coated silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in wistar rats

The application of different nanoparticles is underway in the development of phyto-medicines. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used as coating agents to treat various bacterial and viral diseases. Their safety and potential toxicity necessitate further research to explore the development of nanoparticles coated herbal drugs. The Azadirachta indica (neem) 5% leaf extract and silver nitrate was used to prepare the silver nanoparticles (SNPs) with the biological reduction (green synthesis) method [1]. The application of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) coated with J. carcus leaf extract (JcLE) on Wistar rats showed no adverse sign of toxicity on hematological parameters except an increase in the neutrophil count and increased in total erythrocyte count (TEC) on 28th day. Similarly, serum biochemical values exhibited an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) and alanine transaminase (ALT/SGPT) with JcLE-coated SNPs in treated groups. The histopathology revealed that there was no alteration in skin architecture, however, minimal alteration was observed in the liver and kidney with dilatation of the central vein and sinusoidal space, fatty change in the liver, multifocal necrobiotic changes, cystic degeneration and mild focal glomerular atrophy and hyaline cast in the lumen of tubules of kidney. It indicates the proper absorption and excretion of SNPs from the body. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters in the rats treated with J. curcas leaf extract-coated SNP. However, the serum biochemical analysis revealed a toxic effect on the kidney.

Effects of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) stem residue supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and health status of broilers

Oyster mushroom stem residue, a by-product with medicinal and nutritive values, might be a prospective feed supplement in poultry nutrition. The study focused on evaluating the impact of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) stem residue (OMSR) powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood characteristics, and the cecal bacterial count in Arbor Acres broilers raised 35 d. A total of 144 day-old chicks, with an average weight of 40.27± 2.45 g, were divided into 3 groups: control (received a standard basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline), and OMSR (fed a basal diet with 300 mg/kg OMSR), where each group comprises 8 replications of 6 chicks. Supplementation of 300 mg/kg of OMSR powder in the broiler diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight as opposed to the control and antibiotic treatments, though the average daily feed intake was not influenced by OMSR supplementation during the whole experimental period. However, in comparison to the control and antibiotic groups, OMSR significantly reduced the postmortem breast meat drip loss percentage (P < 0.05) at 24 hours and on the seventh d. Furthermore, the OMSR group reported significantly elevated levels of Hb and RBC counts (P < 0.05), and decreased levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations (P < 0.05) on d 35 in comparison to broilers in the control and antibiotic groups. Additionally, the OMSR group exhibited an improved Heterophil/Lymphocytes (H/L) ratio (P < 0.05) relative to the broilers of the control and antibiotic groups. In contrast, the inclusion of OMSR in the broiler diet did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence other serum biochemical and hematological values tested. Broilers in OMSR group had reduced number (P < 0.05) of E. coli and Salmonella spp., but higher presence of Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in contrast to the control broilers. To summarize, the study's findings revealed that 300 mg of OMSR powder supplementation per kg of basal diet could be act as a natural growth promoter, and confer favorable effects on health and meat quality of broilers.

Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on the growth performance and serum biochemical index values of puppies

We investigated the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on the growth performance and health level of puppies. A total of 16 healthy Chinese rural dogs aged 30–45 days were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG), low-dose group (LDG), middle-dose group (MDG) and high-dose group (HDG). The puppies were fed fresh food supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg of α-LA, respectively. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed-to-gain ratio (F/G), faecal score, intestinal absorption function and serological indices on days 1, 14 and 28 were determined and analysed. The trial period was 28 days. The following results were obtained: (1) α-LA supplementation at 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg significantly increased the ADFI and ADG of the puppies (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the faecal score (P > 0.05); (2) α-LA in the fresh diet significantly increased crude fat (EE) digestibility (P< 0.05) but significantly decreased calcium (Ca) digestibility (P< 0.05), without significant impacts on the digestibility of nutrients such as crude protein (CP) and total phosphorus (P); (3) with increasing α-LA inclusion levels, the content of D-xylose in the blood serum increased, but there was no significant difference among groups (P = 0.097). Adding 0.6 mg/kg α-LA to the fresh diet significantly increased the content of IgG in the serum after 14 and 28 days (P < 0.05). At 28 days, adding 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg α-LA to the fresh diet could significantly increase the contents of albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) in the blood serum (P < 0.05), and the addition of 0.6 g/kg α-LA could significantly increase the serum levels of IgA and IgG (P < 0.05). The addition of α-LA significantly increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (P < 0.05), decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05), decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P< 0.05) and increased the content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the blood serum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of α-LA at 0.6 g/kg to the fresh diet of puppies can improve the ADFI, ADG, serum immune capacity, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory capacity of puppies.

Phytochemicals profiling of Cassia fistula fruit extract and its effect on serum lipids and hematological parameters in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic female rats.

Cassia fistula (C. fistula) has shown strong anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitussive, antibacterial, and antifungal properties and is being used for healing wounds and gastrointestinal illness. This study was planned to obtain fruit extract from C. fistula using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique and evaluated for phytochemical contents, anti-hyperlipidemia, and hematological parameters. The results showed that total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), condensed tannin (CT), and saponins were 13.07 mg GAE/g, 5.24 mg QE/g, 4.01 mg/g, and 27.55%, respectively, in the extract. Proximate composition of the extract showed 2.48%, moisture, 1.25% fat, 2.80% ash, 4.59% fiber, 11.93% protein, and 76.95% NFE. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) activity was 63.30 μg/mL and 15.02 nmol/g, respectively. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats were orally administrated with 0.5 and 1.0 g of extract/kg body weight (bw) daily. The reduction of total cholesterol (TC: 90.83 ± 8.86 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG; 74.16 ± 9.10 mg/dL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL; 74.83 ± 4.66 mg/dL) and increase of high-density lipoproteins (HDL; 41.83 ± 8.4 mg/dL) was observed. Significant changes in red blood cells (RBCs; 8.03 ± 0.67106/μL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; 35.02 ± 1.78 g/dL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; 18.00 ± 0.26 pg), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV; 55.36 ± 4.01 fL) at 1.0 g extract intake was observed. Extract administration also improved significantly liver enzymes, body weight, and liver morphology. Therefore, C. fistula extract can be effectively used as a therapeutic agent to improve serum biochemistry and hematological values.

Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Characteristics of Belgian Blue Cattle.

Belgian blue (BB) cattle have an 11-bp deletion in myostatin that causes skeletal muscle hyperplasia and increased muscle mass, leading to a 'double-muscled' phenotype. Preliminary data suggest that this phenotype may be associated with breed-specific hematologic and biochemical values. Therefore, in this study, we sought to compare hematologic and serum biochemical parameters in healthy BB and Holstein Friesian (HF) cows and to propose breed-specific reference intervals for BB cows. Hematologic parameters, total protein, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, albumin, and globulins were measured in 183 clinically healthy adult BB and HF cows. There were significant differences between BB and HF cows in 17 of 27 measured parameters. BB cows had significantly higher creatinine concentration and CK and AST activities (p < 0.001). RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit (p < 0.001), MCV and lymphocytes (p < 0.05) were also significantly higher in BB cows compared with HF cows. The average N/L ratio was greater than 1 in both breeds. These results suggest that BB and HF cows have significantly different clinically relevant hematologic and serum biochemical values, and, therefore, breed-specific reference intervals should be used.

Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values Associated With Different Stages of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries in Patients: A Retrospective Study.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether hematologic and serum biochemical values used as indicators of nutritional status, anemia, and/or infection were associated with the risk of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (PIs) and stage of PIs in patients. A retrospective review of medical records. Data were collected from medical records including official PI records and PI incident reports of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Taiwan between January 2019 and October 2020. We collected demographic variables of the inpatients and their hematologic and serum biochemical values within 1 day of PI occurrence (including the day of PI occurrence), 6 to 7 days before PI occurrence, and 13 to 14 days before PI occurrence. Among the 309 inpatients with official PI records, 105 (34.0%) had Stage 1 PIs, 131 (42.4%) had Stage 2 or 3 PIs, and 73 (23.6%) had unstageable or suspected deep tissue injuries. After controlling for the type of department where PIs occurred and length of hospital stay up to the day of PI occurrence, we found significant differences in levels of hemoglobin (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, P = .009) within 1 day of PI occurrence and in albumin (OR = 0.30, P = .001) 13 to 14 days before PI occurrence. Study findings suggest that lower hemoglobin levels on the day of PI occurrence and lower albumin levels 2 weeks before PI occurrence resulted in a significantly higher risk of developing unstageable or suspected deep tissue injuries than of developing Stage 1 PIs.

Clinical, Radiographic and Rhinoscopic Features of Primary Intra-Nasal Transmissible Venereal Tumour in Four Dogs and its Treatment

Transmissible venereal tumours are contagious tumours that typically affects intact male and female canines. Four dogs were presented to Small Animal Out-Patient unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai with history of chronic unilateral epistaxis and sneezing. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was a consistent finding in all dogs whereas the serum biochemical values where unremarkable. Lateral and dorsoventral radiograph of skull revealed space occupying lesion suggesting soft tissue mass in the nasal cavity. Rhinoscopy confirmed the presence of tumour mass occluding nasal passage. Nasal cytology revealed the presence of characteristic transmissible venereal tumour cells. Chemotherapy was initiated with Vincristine sulphate at the dose rate of 0.7 mg/m2. All the four dogs showed complete clinical recovery after four weekly doses of vincristine chemotherapy. Radiography repeated after four weeks confirmed the absence of space occupying mass in nasal cavity. The present study describes the clinical and diagnostic imaging changes in dogs with intra-nasal transmissible venereal tumour and its therapeutic management.

Parenteral n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improves postoperative recovery for patients with Crohn’s disease after bowel resection: a randomized, unblinded controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe postoperative inflammatory response is associated with postoperative recovery in surgery. n–3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have been reported to lower inflammation. The postoperative role of parenteral n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on outcomes in Crohn’s disease after bowel resection is unclear. ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effects of postoperative parenteral n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in Crohn’s disease. MethodsA prospective randomized, unblinded controlled clinical trial was conducted for patients with Crohn’s disease who underwent bowel resection between May 2019 and February 2022. Postoperative complications, complete blood count, serum biochemical values, and cytokine concentrations were compared in patients with and without parenteral n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation for 5 d postoperatively. ResultsThere were 268 patients randomly assigned in the analysis, with 134 in the control group (a mix of long-chain and medium-chain fats at 1.0 g/kg/d) and 134 in the treatment group (long-chain, medium-chain, and n–3 polyunsaturated fats at 1.2 g/kg/d). Twenty-six did not complete the allocated treatment, and 8 patients were lost to follow-up. The intention–to-treat analysis and the per-protocol analysis showed that there were a significant reduction in overall complication rates (22.4% compared with 49.3%; P < 0.001 and 21.8% compared with 38.2%; P = 0.006) and postoperative stay (8.8 ± 4.5 d compared with 11.2 ± 6.8 d; P = 0.001 and 8.7 ± 4.0 d compared with 11.5 ± 7.3 d; P < 0.001) in patients with parenteral n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation compared with patients in the control group. In the secondary outcomes, the mean ± standard deviation of interleukin (IL)-6 (17.11 ± 2.14 pg/mL compared with 30.50 ± 5.14 pg/mL; P = 0.014), IL-1β (2.01 ± 0.05 pg/mL compared with 2.24 ± 0.09 pg/mL; P = 0.019), tumor necrosis factor-α (2.09 ± 0.06 pg/mL compared with 2.29 ± 0.06 pg/mL; P = 0.029), and C-reactive protein concentrations (51.3 ± 4.2 mg/L compared with 64.4 ± 5.3 mg/L; P = 0.050) on postoperative day 5 in the treatment group were much lower than those in the control group. ConclusionsParenteral n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation promotes postoperative recovery in patients with Crohn’s disease following bowel resection, with fewer complications and reduced inflammatory cytokines.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03901937 at https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03901937?term=NCT03901937&cond=Crohn+Disease&draw=2&rank=1.

Adverse Metabolic Phenotypes in Parenterally Fed Neonatal Pigs Do Not Persist into Adolescence

BackgroundNutrition during fetal and neonatal life is an important determinant for the risk of adult-onset diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and obesity. ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compared with enteral formula feeding [enteral nutrition (EN)] in term piglets during the first 2 wk after birth would increase the long-term (5-mo) development of metabolic syndrome phenotypes with adverse glucose homeostasis, fatty liver disease, and obesity. MethodsNeonatal female pigs were administered TPN (n = 12) or fed enterally with a liquid enteral milk-replacer formula (EN, n = 12) for 14 d. After transitioning TPN pigs to enteral feeding of liquid formula (days 15–26), both groups were adapted to a solid high-fat diet (30% of the total diet) and sucrose (20% of the total diet) diet (days 27–33), which was fed until the end of the study (140 d). Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 14, 45, and 140 d. Serum biochemistry and glucose-insulin values (after a fasting intravenous glucose tolerance test) were obtained at 140 d. Liver and muscle were analyzed for insulin receptor signaling and triglycerides. ResultsBody weight was similar, but percent fat was higher, whereas percent lean and bone mineral density were lower in TPN than in EN pigs (P < 0.01) at 45 d of age but not at 140 d. At 140 d, there were no differences in serum markers of liver injury or lipidemia. Intravenous glucose tolerance test at 140 d showed a lower (P < 0.05) AUC for both glucose and insulin in TPN than in EN pigs, but the ratio of AUCs of insulin and glucose was not different between groups. ConclusionsAdministration of TPN during the neonatal period increased adipose deposition that transiently persisted in early adolescence when challenged with a high-fat diet but was not sustained or manifested as glucose intolerance.

Anti-anaemic effects of leaf protein concentrate of Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst) Cufod. on some blood parameters of male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia

This study investigated the effects of leaf protein concentrate (LPC) of Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod on some haematological and serum profile of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into nine groups of five rats per group. The rats received fresh drinking water daily, with feed at 85% of ad-lib. The standard haematinic used was Ranferon-12®, at the dose of 0.3ml/kg body weight. The resultant groups were; Group1 (Positive control, received commercial feed) Group 2 (phenylhydrazine only or negative control), Group 3 (anaemia +haematinic), 4, 5 and 6 (anaemia +100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of LPC respectively), Groups 7, 8, 9 (Untreated (or UT) +100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of LPC respectively). The LPC was administered orally to the designated groups, while the controls received distilled water in place of the LPC. Anaemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Samples for haematological and biochemical analysis were collected on days 9, 21 and 28 of the experiment. Results showed that the groups supplemented with LPC were better in terms of the haematology and serum biochemical values compared to the negative control, and this strongly supported the traditional use of E. speciosa leaf in the treatment of anaemia.

Relationship of Salmonella isolation with different serum and inflammatory intestinal parameters in natural fowl typhoid outbreaks from laying hens

Our study was undertaken to determine the best samples and selective-differential plating media to be used for Salmonella spp. isolation. We also compared hematological and serum biochemical values, Salmonella biovar Gallinarum (SG) detection (isolation and serological test), and inflammatory intestinal response (fecal leukocyte) in laying hens with naturally occurring fowl typhoid outbreaks. Furthermore, we looked for a biomarker of SG infection. Spleen, liver, ovarian follicle content, and bone marrow were found to be the best samples for SG isolation and the agreement between MacConkey-Salmonella Shigella agar was slight to excellent. The laying hens with SG isolation and rapid serum plate agglutination positive results showed a higher percentage of heterophils, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and total white blood cells, and a lower percentage of lymphocytes than those with negative results. Furthermore, the positive fecal leukocyte samples had a higher percentage of heterophils, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total protein and globulin values than negative samples. Five biomarkers’ cut-offs are proposed to distinguish between laying hens positive and negative to SG isolation.

Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Boiled Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seed Meal as Protein feedstuff on Haematology and Serum Biochemical indices

Eight week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietry levels of Boiled red kidney bean meal (BRKBSM) in potassium carbonate solution on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 200 day old chicks (Anak 2000) were randomly allotted to five treatment diets (T1-T5) in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated 4 times with ten birds per replicate. T 1 contained 0% Boiled Red Kidney Bean Seed Meal (BRKBSM) as the control diet, while T2-T5 contained 25,50 75 and 100% inclusion levels of BRKBSM respectively. Results of the haematology and serum biochemical indices at finisher phase showed that Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) influenced by the treatment diets. However, serum biochemical values were not significantly (P&gt;0.05) affected by the diets. Albumin values (3.19 g/dl) was highest on birds fed 50% BRKBSM, globulin values was also highest at 50% BRKBSM while cholesterol values decreased with increasing levels of inclusion of BRKBSM from 0% to 100%. It is therefore concluded based on this study that BRKBSM can be included in broiler chickens diet up to 50% level without any detrimental effects on blood profile of broiler chickens.

Functional characteristics of Moringa oleifera supplemented cookies and their ameliorative effect on the lipid profile of hyperlipidaemic patients

SummaryRaised cholesterol levels can alleviate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke and are responsible for one‐third of all ischemic heart diseases worldwide. Moringa oleifera (MO) plant has gained nutraceutical prominence; therefore, its lipid‐lowering potential was investigated by its incorporation (leaves MOL, seeds MOS and leaves + seeds MOLS) into cookies. These cookies were then analysed for nutritional, physicochemical and clinical properties. The sensory properties received overall higher acceptability scores of 15% and 25% in MOL followed by MOS and MOLS cookies. Clinical investigations in hyperlipidaemic patients revealed significant reductions in total cholesterol (7.56% and 5.56%), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.59% and 5.03%) and triglycerides (6.75% and 4.76%) in MOL and MOLS. While a significant increase in the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.66%, 5.88% and 9.15%) in all three groups was observed, with a more pronounced raise in MOL Cookies. Furthermore, serum biochemistry (AST, ALT, ALP, urea and Creatinine) values remain within normal range revealing the safety for utilisation. The overall results indicated that MO possesses a positive effect on the lipid profile, therefore, can be a part of diet‐based therapy for the attenuation of chronic diseases.

Serum Biochemical Profile of Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Tamil Nadu, India

The experiment was carried out in 46 apparently health captive elephants maintained in different parts of Tamil Nadu, India during the period from August 2020 to April 2021 to assess and evolve the baseline reference values for serum biochemical parameters in captive Asian elephants raised in the Tamil Nadu state of India.As part of the periodical health assessment, blood samples were collected from auricular vein for 46 apparently healthy captive Asian elephants maintained in Tamil Nadu, India. Biochemical analyses were performed using auto biochemical analyzer using commercial kits as per the recommendations of the manufacturer. The mean±SE, lower and upper value, 95% and 99% of confidence interval of the serum biochemistry parameters comprised of glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, CK, GGT and LDH were evaluated. The observed values were found to be within the normal ranges reported for the captive elephants and there were no significant differences observed between the age groups. These serum biochemical values would serve as baseline reference to evaluate the health and clinical conditions of captive elephant populations, as well as for planning health care measures in elephants of this region and adjoining areas.

Acute and Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Studies of Ich Tri Hadiphar Capsules

Abstract: Ich tri Hadiphar capsules used for dementia treatment were evaluated for acute and repeated dose toxicities in mice and rabbits, respectively. The acute toxicity results indicated that LD50 of Ich tri Hadiphar capsules in mice according to the method of Behrens is greater than 30 g/kg body weight. In the repeated dose toxicity study, rabbits were administrated Ich tri Hadiphar with doses of 186.5 and 560.0 mg/kg/day for 28 days (equivalent to the dose used on humans and the dose of 3 times more than one used on humans). Blood samples were taken on day 0, day 14, and day 28 of the experiment for hematological and biochemical analysis. Liver and kidney samples were taken on day 28 for histopathological determinations. The repeated dose toxicity results revealed that there were no significant differences in hematological and serum biochemical values between control and treatment animals. Furthermore, no histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of rabbits treated with Ich tri Hadiphar capsules were observed.&#x0D; Keywords: Acute toxicity, repeated dose toxicity, Ich tri Hadiphar. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Dietary Supplementation with Eugenol Nanoemulsion Alleviates the Negative Effects of Experimental Coccidiosis on Broiler Chicken's Health and Growth Performance.

The present study investigated the protective efficacy of dietary supplementation with clove essential oil (CEO), its main constituent eugenol (EUG), and their nanoformulated emulsions (Nano-CEO and Nano-EUG) against experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. To this aim, various parameters (oocyst number per gram of excreta (OPG), daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum concentrations of total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), globulins (GLB), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO) and glucose (GLU), serum activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were compared among groups receiving CEO supplemented feed (CEO), Nano-CEO supplemented feed (Nano-CEO), EUG supplemented feed (EUG), Nano-EUG supplemented feed (Nano-EUG), diclazuril supplemented feed (standard treatment, ST), or basal diet [diseased control (d-CON) and healthy control (h-CON)), from days 1-42. Chickens of all groups, except h-CON, were challenged with mixed Eimeria spp. at 14 days of age. Coccidiosis development in d-CON was associated with impaired productivity (lower DWG and higher DFI and FCR relative to h-CON; p < 0.05) and altered serum biochemistry (decreased TP, ALB, and GLB concentrations and SOD, GST, and GPx activities relative to h-CON; p < 0.05). ST effectively controlled coccidiosis infection by significantly decreasing OPG values compared with d-CON (p < 0.05) and maintaining zootechnical and serum biochemical parameters at levels close to (DWG, FCR; p < 0.05) or not different from (DFI, TP, ALB, GLB, SOD, GST, and GPx) those of h-CON. Among the phytogenic supplemented (PS) groups, all showed decreased OPG values compared with d-CON (p < 0.05), with the lowest value being measured in Nano-EUG. All PS groups showed better values of DFI and FCR than d-CON (p < 0.05), but only in Nano-EUG were these parameters, along with DWG, not different from those of ST. Furthermore, Nano-EUG was the only PS group having all serum biochemical values not different (or even slightly improved) relative to ST and h-CON. In conclusion, the tested PS diets, especially Nano-EUG, can limit the deleterious effects of coccidiosis in broiler chickens, due to anticoccidial activity and possibly their reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby representing a potential green alternative to synthetic anticoccidials.

Reference Intervals and Percentiles for Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values in Captive Bred Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Several physiological characteristics and housing conditions are known to affect hematologic and serum biochemical values in macaques. However, the studies that have been conducted either report values calculated based on a small number of animals, were designed specifically to document the effect of a particular condition on the normal range of hematologic and serum biochemical values, or used parametric assumptions to calculate hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study to estimate reference intervals for hematologic and serum biochemical values in clinically healthy macaques based on observed percentiles without parametric assumptions. Data were obtained as part of the Biomedical Primate Research Centre (Rijswijk, The Netherlands) health monitoring program between 2018 and 2021. In total, 4009 blood samples from 1475 macaques were analyzed with a maximum of one repeat per year per animal. Data were established by species, gender, age, weight-for-height indices, pregnancy, sedation protocol, and housing conditions. Most of the parameters profoundly affected just some hematologic and serum biochemical values. A significant glucose difference was observed between the ketamine and ketamine-medetomidine sedation protocols. The results emphasize the importance of establishing uniform experimental groups with validated animal husbandry and housing conditions to improve the reproducibility of the experiments.

Hematological and Serum Biochemical Values of Free-Ranging Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Poland.

This study presents the hematological and serum biochemical values of physically captured roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The study material was blood sampled from roe deer captured with the use of a specialist trap mesh and no anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from 122 roe deer from January to April in 2016, 2017, and 2018 in the Lublin region of Poland. The hematological and biochemical variables were determined with results showing statistically significant differences between the mean values of RBC, HCT, and HB according to sex. Reference intervals should be more specific to the broad physical versus chemical capture categories.

Effect of feeding concentrate mixtures containing varying levels of dried moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves on haematobiochemical and sex hormonal parameters in Murrah buffalo heifers

A feeding trial was conducted for a period of 120 days for studying the haemato-biochemical and sex hormonal parameters in buffalo heifers fed with concentrate mixtures containing varying levels of dried moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves. Fifteen Murrah buffalo heifers aged 18-26 months were selected and randomly allotted to three groups of five animals each and fed three dietary treatments, containing concentrate mixture (20 per cent CP and 68 per cent TDN) and ad libitum green grass. Dried moringa leaves were incorporated at 0, 10 and 20 per cent in the concentrate mixture for treatments T1 (control), T2 and T3 respectively. Comparison of serum biochemical values revealed higher serum glucose and oestrogen in buffalo heifers fed T3 when compared to those fed T1 and T2. The serum cholesterol values were significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) for buffalo heifers fed T2 and T3 when compared to T1. Evaluation of the results obtained in the present study revealed that moringa leaves can be effectively incorporated up to 20 per cent in the concentrate mixture of buffalo heifers without any adverse effects on haemato-biochemical parameters with improved oestrogen levels indicating better reproductive performance.