Serum Biochemical Properties Research Articles

Effect of arginine and threonine in ovo supplementation on immune responses and some serum biochemical attributes in broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of in ovo injecting arginine (Arg), threonine (Thr) and Arg + Thr on humoral immunity, serum differential leukocyte counts and serum biochemical attributes in broiler chickens. Four hundred fertile eggs were randomly assigned to five experimental treatments including: control (none injected), sham (0.5 ml of 0.5% saline), Arg (35 mg/egg), Thr (25 mg/egg) and Arg + Thr (35 + 25 mg/egg) which injected in the amniotic fluid on day 14 of incubation. After hatching, broiler chicks were fed a commercial corn–soya bean diet up to 42 days of age. Broilers received Arg and Thr had higher body weight (p < .05) and daily feed intake (p < .05) than those supplemented with control or sham. Antibody titre against sheep red blood cells increased in broilers in ovo supplemented with amino acids compared to the birds in control group (p < .05) while no beneficial effect of applied treatments observed on the antibody titre against influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. Moreover, in ovo injection of Arg significantly increased spleen and bursa of Fabricius relative weights compared to sham on day 11 of age (p < .05). In ovo administration of Thr resulted in higher serum glucose concentration than the other groups (p < .05). Furthermore, serum albumin concentration increased in response to Thr administration compared to chickens in control group (p < .05). In conclusion, Arg and Thr in ovo supplementation improved humoral immunity of broilers and increased proportional weight of their lymphoid organs in post-hatch period.HighlightsIn ovo injection of amino acids may improve immune responses in broiler chickens.Supplementation of amino acids during embryonic stage could increase growth performance of chickens.Meet the nutrient requirement of broiler embryo is important for its later growth and immunity.

Effect of direct-fed microbial addition in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) diets on performance and health responses.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of intermittent use of direct-fed microbial addition (DFM-"RE3®")on growth performance and health status of indigenous guinea fowls in northern Ghana. One-hundred and eighty day-old guinea keets were randomly assigned to 4 direct-fed microbial (DFM) treatments that included: control, daily, 3 consecutive days per wk (3CDW), and 7 days repeated every other wk (7DREOW) at 1.5ml/L through water from day 1 to 56 days.Feed intake, body weight gain, and blood hematological and serum biochemical properties were recorded. The treatments had no effects (P > 0.05) on the hematological or serum biochemical properties recorded. Birdson DFM treatments appeared to consume less feed(range: 1,584 to 1,824g/d) comparedto the control (1,870g/d/head). Birdson DFM treatments daily and 3CDW gained more (P < 0.05) weight(334 to 394g/d) comparedto the control (306.1g/head) with keets on daily DFM supplementation recording the lowest (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. The total blood protein, globulin, lipids, albuminconcentrations, and cholesterol concentrations werenot affected (P > 0.05) by DFM supplementation. Supplementing birds with 1.5mL of RE3®/liter ofwater daily can improve body weight. Further research on immune competence from the spleen, thymus, andbursa fibrosis for evidence of increased immune competence in probiotic administered birds is recommended.

Determination of optimal fasting time before blood sampling to get baseline data on serum biochemical characteristics in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Serum biochemical characteristics provide crucial information about the physiological condition of fish and are greatly affected by the sampling conditions. This study examined the effects of short-term fasting periods [in terms of degree-days (°C days)] on the serum biochemical parameters of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and revealed the optimal fasting time before blood sampling to obtain the baseline data. Stomach content index (SCI), digestive somatic index (DSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), serum thyroid hormones (thyroxine, T4; triiodothyronine, T3), cortisol, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin level of juvenile turbot were determined after different fasting durations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 days). Results showed that the levels of SCI, T4, T3, cortisol, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly affected during fasting, whereas the levels of SCI, glucose, lactate, cholesterol, triglyceride were not significantly different at 1 (16.5 °C days), 2 (31 °C days), and 3 days (48 °C days) of fasting. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found for T4 and T3 at 1 day (16.5 °C days) and 2 days (31 °C days) of fasting, and for cortisol at 1 day (16.5 °C days) and 3 days (48 °C days) of fasting. However, DSI, VSI, HSI, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin levels remained unchanged and showed no significant difference. These results indicate the importance of fasting period on the digestive system and serum biochemical properties of turbot. Therefore, based on these results and considering the fish management, 1 day (16.5 °C days) is the best fasting period prior to blood collection from juvenile turbot for blood biochemistry determination.

Ameliorative effects of tamarind on the toxicity of Erythrophleum suaveolens in rabbits

The toxicity of Erythrophleum suaveolens in livestock management has precipitated attempts to obtain an efficient anti-toxic treatment. Tamarindus indica used for treating E. suaveolens toxicity in animals was investigated in this study through an acute and a sub chronic toxicity study on rabbits. Histological, hematological features, serum biochemical properties, and clinical observations on the rabbits were evaluated as indices of toxicity. Histology of the vital organs revealed severe pathologies in rabbits administered with the extract E. suaveolens while organs of rabbits treated with T. indica showed moderate and mild pathologies. Enhanced performance of the liver and kidnes, high WBC counts and RBC in the blood was observed in species treated with T. indica. Study showed T. indica’s attenuate effect on E. suaveolens toxicity in rabbits.

Physiological response and semen quality of rabbit bucks supplemented with Moringa leaves ethanolic extract during summer season

Exposure of rabbit bucks to summer heat stress reduces their homeostasis and semen quality leading to a temporal subfertility. The potentiality of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (M. oleifera ethanolic extract (MLEE)) to reduce negative impacts of heat stress on physiological and semen quality traits was investigated. A total of 28 adult V-line rabbit bucks were randomly distributed among four experimental groups of seven rabbits each. The first group received water (placebo) and served as a control (M0). The other three groups were given orally MLEE at levels of 50 (M50), 100 (M100) and 150 (M150) mg/kg BW every other day for 12 consecutive weeks during the summer season. Chemical constituents of MLEE were detected by gas chromatography/MS. During the experimental period, ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded daily and were used to estimate temperature and humidity index. Feed intake, BW, rectal temperature were recorded and blood serum biochemical attributes were determined. Semen samples were collected weekly and were analyzed for semen quality traits. Results showed that MLEE contained high percentages of long-chain fatty acids and antioxidant agents. Feed intake and BW were not affected significantly by the treatment, however rectal temperature was decreased significantly by 0.42°C, 0.24°C and 0.40°C in the M50, M100 and M150 groups, respectively, compared with the M0 group. Treatment with 50 mg/kg BW increased concentration of serum albumin (115%; P<0.05), total antioxidant capacity (132%; P<0.05) and testosterone (160%; P=0.098) as well as seminal plasma initial fructose (127%; P=0.092) compared with the control group. Compared with the control, MLEE supplementation with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg BW increased significantly sperm concentration by 118%, 151% and 158%, sperm progressive motility by 117%, 120% and 118%, sperm viability by 129%, 137% and 127%, sperm normal morphology by 114%, 113% and 114%, intact acrosome sperm by 109% (on average) and sperm with integrated cell membrane by 109%, 123% and 114%, respectively. In conclusion, MLEE supplementation at a level of 50 mg/kg BW could be effectively used to improve heat tolerance, oxidative status and semen quality of rabbit bucks during summer season.

Serum biochemical properties and liver morphology of broiler chicken as affected by feeding Misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) as a supplementary diet

&lt;p&gt;To evaluate the effects of ground leaf of Misai kucing (&lt;em&gt;Orthosiphon stamineus&lt;/em&gt;) as a dietary supplement on serum biochemical parameters and liver morphology. One hundred and sixty one-day old male broiler chickens (n=160) were distributed into four treatment groups, with five replicates of eight birds in each group: the control group (diet without additives); the group dietary treatments, Diet OS2 (Basal diet + 2g/kg &lt;em&gt;O. stamineus&lt;/em&gt;); Diet OS4 (Basal diet + 4g/kg &lt;em&gt;O. stamineus&lt;/em&gt;) and Diet OS8 (Basal diet + 8g/kg &lt;em&gt;O. stamineus&lt;/em&gt;). After 42 days, 40 birds were randomly selected for serum biochemical profile analysis involving pancreatic, renal, and hepatic functions (urea, sodium, potassium, chlorine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and globulins). Present study found that serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly lower suggesting that the &lt;em&gt;O. stamineus&lt;/em&gt; ground leaf possibly do not cause kidney and liver impairment, mainly, at the higher dosage (8g/kg). Present study concluded that the broiler chicken fed &lt;em&gt;O. stamineus&lt;/em&gt; ground leaf at a rate 8 g/kg was the most promising dietary supplement to enhance health without deleterious effects on serum biochemical properties and morphological components of liver. In addition, it reduces abdominal fats and serum cholesterol. This study has provide evident that medicinal plant, &lt;em&gt;O. stamineus&lt;/em&gt; can potentially substituted the use of additive synthetic.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of short-term (0-72 h) fasting on serum biochemical characteristics in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Summary An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of short-term fasting periods on the serum biochemical characteristics of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, fish were fasted 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h before blood sampling. Thereafter the serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol, glucose, lactate, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin : globulin ration (A : G) were determined. Results show that serum levels of T4 (4.60–8.77 ng ml−1), T3 (7.50–13.3 ng ml−1), cortisol (7.91–24.5 ng ml−1), glucose (18.5–80.1 mg dl−1), lactate (12.7–29.6 mg dl−1), triglyceride (171–500 mg dl−1), and cholesterol (321–535 mg dl−1) were significantly affected by the fasting period. However, there were no significant changes in serum total protein (3.03–3.68 g dl−1), albumin (1.78–2.01 g dl−1), globulin (1.15–1.70 g dl−1) or A : G (1.13–1.93) among the fish fasted 0–72 h. Results clearly show the importance of a fasting period on the serum biochemical properties of rainbow trout. According to the results, 24 h fasting is suggested as a pre-sampling fasting period in rainbow trout to measure serum levels of T4, T3, cortisol, glucose, lactate, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Potential mechanisms related to the changes in biochemical properties are discussed.

Effects of the theranekron® "an alcoholic extract of the Tarantula cubensis" on hematology and serum biochemical properties in horses.

Theranekron®is commercially available, alcoholic extract of the tarantula cubensis(brown spider).Ten healthy thoroughbred mare racehorses were used at the present study. Blood samples were taken 30 minutes before and 8, 24, 48, 72 and 168h aftersubcutaneousadministration of 10ml Theranekron (1mg/48kg or 0.02mg/kgbw) via a jugular catheter. The results of this study showed that sampling time had a significant effects on the amount of PCV, hemoglobin concentration, RBC number, total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, bilirubin, activity of ALT, and ALP (p0.05). In conclusion, most of the observed changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters were statistically and not clinically significant. Thus it seems that administration of Theranekron has no adverse reaction in experimental horses.

Supplementary health benefits of soy aglycons of isoflavone by improvement of serum biochemical attributes, enhancement of liver antioxidative capacities and protection of vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized rats

BackgroundIn the literature, supplement of soy aglycons of isoflavone as estrogen agonists in improvement of serum biochemical attributes, liver antioxidative capacities and vaginal epithelium protection has been meagerly investigated. In this study, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were used as an animal model to simulate post-menopausal status. Supplementary health benefits of soy aglycons of isoflavone (SAI) on improvement of growth and serum biochemical attributes, enhancement of liver antioxidation-related capacities and protection of vaginal epithelium of the OVX rats were assessed.MethodsAs an in vivo study, 30 OVX Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into OVX (positive control), OVX/LSAI (low SAI group – supplemented with 0.0135% SAI being equivalent to 80 mg per day for a 60 Kg-human), and OVX/HSAI (high SAI group – supplemented with 0.027% SAI) and 10 rats with sham operation as negative control fed with basal diet.ResultsThe average daily gain (ADG), feed intake and feed/gain ratio were higher for the OVX groups than the sham group (P < 0.05). Serum isoflavone concentrations of the OVX rats were increased by SAI supplementation. In comparison, significantly lower serum cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels were detected for the rats of OVX/HSAI group (P < 0.05). SAI supplementation also increased iron chelating ability and decreased values of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) (P < 0.05) of liver extracts. Liver catalase activity and total antioxidative activity (trolox equivalency) were enhanced by HSAI supplementation (P < 0.05). Decrease of vagina epithelial cellular linings of the OVX rats were noticeably improved by dietary supplementation with SAI.ConclusionDiets supplemented with soy aglycons of isoflavone have conferred health benefits to the OVX rats, in comparison to the sham rats fed with basal diet, by detection of higher serum isoflavone concentrations, significantly lower contents of serum cholesterol and LDL, and higher contents of serum HDL, increased iron chelating ability, lower contents of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) and enhanced catalase and total antioxidative (as trolox equivalency) activities of the liver extracts, and protection of the epithelial cellular linings of vagina in the former rather than in the latter. This evidences that estrogen-agonist chemoprevention of menopausal-related cardiovascular diseases, decreased liver antioxidative capacities and epithelial degeneration of vagina could be achieved by dietary supplementation with soy aglycons of isoflavone.

防腐処理木材が生体へ与える影響 第１報 ＣＣＡ処理木材およびその灰の冷水抽出液の摂取がマウスに与える影響

Lumbers of sapwood of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Sarg.) were impregnated with CCA wood preservatives. The treated lumbers and their ash obtained after burning them were extracted by cold water. The concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic in the extracts were determined by using an atomic absorption analyzer. The extracts were given to mice for three months to observe their effect on the living body.Copper, chromium and arsenic were detected in the extracts from the preserved wood, and chromium and arsenic were detected in the extracts from the ash. The results showed that the concentrations of arsenic and chromium flown out from CCA treated wood or its ash exceeded the criteria specified in the law. However, no significant difference was observed in the weight increase and the serum biochemical properties between the mice that took the water extracts of the treated wood or its ash, and the mice that took the water extracts of the untreated wood or its ash.

Relationship between serum biochemical measurements and spinal bone mineral density in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)

Spinal bone mineral density (BMD) of African green monkeys were measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The value determined in male was rather higher (0.674 +/- 0.068g/cm2, Mean +/- S. D.) than that in female (0.611 +/- 0.105g/cm2), while the coefficient of variance was larger in female (17%) than in male (10%). Females were divided into two groups according to their diversity of BMD values. Serum biochemical values were compared among three groups, one male group (n = 37) and two groups of female (A: n = 31, B: n = 22), using a canonical discriminant analysis. As the result of the canonical discriminant analysis, closed relationship between serum biochemical properties and BMD was demonstrated. Lower BMD, lower serum protein concentration and higher serum inorganic phosphorus may be the reflection of malnutrition in this primate species. In conclusion, animals showing osteopenia were included in our breeding colony of the African green monkey judging by the value of bone measurements and serum biochemical measurements.

Discriminant analysis of hematological and serum biochemical values in cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) bred and reared under the indoor individually-caged conditions

The data on hematological and serum biochemical properties of laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at different ages were analyzed by discriminant analysis. All the animals had been bred and reared under uniform environmental conditions at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, N.I.H., Japan. The items used were as follows: red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT), total protein concentration (TP), albumin concentration (ALB), albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose concentration (GLU), total cholesterol concentration (TCHO), free cholesterol concentration (FCHO), triglyceride concentration (TG) and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). In total, 1086 animals in 10 age groups were examined. Data analyses were done with respect to the difference of sex. Discrimination was possible by Mahalanobis' generalized distance between centroids of groups. In canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality), age was highly correlated to the value of the first canonical variate. From the approximate relative value of the eigenvector of the first canonical variate, the most discriminant variables are WBC, TP, ALB, A/G, TCHO, FCHO, TG, and ALP. It can be concluded that periodic measurement of these 8 parameters is necessary and sufficient to monitor the physiological conditions of growing monkeys.