Serum Betatrophin Research Articles

Evaluation of serum levels of sestrin 2 and betatrophin in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy

BackgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Since obesity and type 2 DM (T2DM) are considered as inflammatory conditions, thus reducing their accompanied systemic inflammation may lessen their complications. Sestrin 2 belongs to a group of stress induced proteins which are produced in response to oxidative stress, inflammation and DNA damage. Betatrophin; a hormone that stimulates the growth, proliferation and mass expansion of pancreatic beta-cells and improves glucose tolerance. The objective of the study was to evaluate levels of serum Sestrin 2 and betatrophin in patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN)) and compare results with healthy control.MethodsThis cross sectional study was carried out on 60 patients above 18 years old, recruited from Tanta University hospitals out patients clinics and 20 apparently healthy individuals of matched sex and age as a control group. Participants were divided into two groups: group I: 20 normal subjects as control group and group II: 60 patients with type 2 DM,. further subdivided in to three equal groups: group 1IIA(20 patients) with normo-albuminuria (ACR < 30 mg/g), group IIB (20 patients) with micro albuminuria (ACR = 30 to 300 mg/g) and group IIC (20 patients) with macro albuminuria (ACR > 300 mg/g). They were subjected to detailed history taking, careful clinical examination and laboratory investigations including blood urea, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin creatinine ratio, and specific laboratory tests for Sestrin 2 and Betatrophin by using ELISA technique.ResultsSerum Sestrin 2 significantly decreased, while serum betatrophin level significantly increased in macroalbuminuric group compared to control and other 2 diabetic groups (P value < 0.05). The cut off value of serum sestrin 2 was 0.98 ng/ml with sensitivity 99%, specificity 66% while the cut off value of serum betatrophin was > 98.25 ng/ml with sensitivity 98%, specificity 82%. Serum betatrophin positively correlated with age, fasting, 2 h postprandial, BMI, triglyceride, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, blood urea, UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR and serum albumin. Serum Sestrin 2 positively correlated with serum albumin. BMI, serum urea, UACR and serum albumin. Serum betatrophin are found to be risk factors or predictors for diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionsPatients with DN, particularly the macroalbuminuria group, had a significant increase in betatrophin levels and a significant decrease in serum Sestrin 2 level. The function of Sestrin 2 is compromised in DN, and restoring it can reverse a series of molecular alterations with subsequent improvement of the renal functions, albuminuria and structural damage.

Changes in Serum Betatrophin Levels in Obese Women after Two-Weeks of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise

Changes in Serum Betatrophin Levels in Obese Women after Two-Weeks of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise

Association between circulating betatrophin levels and T2DM: A meta-analysis.

The association between betatrophin level and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a subject of controversy, and the reasons for conflicting results have been poorly explained. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to obtain a more comprehensive estimate and draw a more accurate conclusion. This study included literature published up to June 2023. We searched for relevant studies in the Web of Science and PubMed databases. We utilized STATA 12.0 software to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare circulating betatrophin levels between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls (HCs). The meta-analysis revealed a significantly higher circulating betatrophin level in individuals with T2DM compared to HC, using a random effects model [mean value of betatrophin level (T2DM vs. HC): 388,685.23 vs. 304,857.04 pg/mL; SMD=1.37; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.73]. Subgroup analysis indicated a higher circulating betatrophin level in T2DM compared to HC among Asian individuals, while no significant difference in circulating betatrophin level was observed between T2DM and HC among Caucasian individuals (Asian: SMD=1.65; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.06; Caucasian: SMD=0.50; 95%CI: -0.21, 1.20). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed increased plasma and serum betatrophin levels in T2DM compared to HC (plasma: SMD=1.30; 95%CI: 0.72, 1.88; serum: SMD=1.47; 95%CI: 0.98, 1.96). This meta-analysis provides evidence of elevated levels of betatrophin in individuals with T2DM, suggesting that betatrophin may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for T2DM.

Gender-Dependent Associations between Serum Betatrophin Levels and Lipoprotein Subfractions in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Obese Patients.

Betatrophin, also known as angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), mainly plays a role in lipid metabolism. To date, associations between betatrophin and lipoprotein subfractions are poorly investigated. For this study, 50 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 70 nondiabetic obese (NDO) subjects matched in gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) as well as 49 gender- and age-matched healthy, normal-weight controls were enrolled. Serum betatrophin levels were measured with ELISA, and lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed using Lipoprint gel electrophoresis. Betatrophin concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the T2D and NDO groups compared to the controls in all subjects and in females, but not in males. We found significant positive correlations between triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), large LDL (low density lipoprotein), small LDL, high density lipoprotein (HDL) -6-10 subfractions, and betatrophin, while negative correlations were detected between betatrophin and IDL, mean LDL size, and HDL-1-5. Proportion of small HDL was the best predictor of betatrophin in all subjects. Small LDL and large HDL subfractions were found to be the best predictors in females, while in males, VLDL was found to be the best predictor of betatrophin. Our results underline the significance of serum betatrophin measurement in the cardiovascular risk assessment of obese patients with and without T2D, but gender differences might be taken into consideration.

Central Obesity Diminishes Circulating Betatrophin Level in Middle-aged Male Subjects

Central adiposity presents an important risk factor for advancing insulin insensitivity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Betatrophin, a liver or adipocyte-derived hormone, was assumed to improve islet insulin secretion and compensate insulin resistance but its level during obesity is still conflicted. This study aimed to explore serum betatrophin level in centrally-obese middle-aged men with diabetic potentials compared with age-matched non-obese ones. Sixty-eight male subjects of 40-60 years of age, residing in North Okkalapa Township, Yangon, Myanmar, were recruited and classified into centrally-obese group (n=34) and non-obese group (n=34). Fasting blood samples were obtained to quantify plasma glucose by glucose oxidase method, and serum insulin and betatrophin levels by ELISA. Plasma glucose levels were comparable between the two groups, while insulin concentration of obese group was significantly greater than that of non-obese group. Therefore, HOMA-IR was markedly increased in obese subjects when compared to non-obese ones (4.87±0.28 vs 1.90±0.14, p&lt;0.001) and so did HOMA-β (310.88±26.58 vs 149.00±11.83, p&lt;0.001). Interestingly, betatrophin hormone level was significantly reduced in obese group than non-obese group (1.72±0.21 vs 2.72±0.26 ng/ml, p&lt;0.01). Moreover, betatrophin had a strong negative correlation with glucose and insulin levels (p&lt;0.05) as well as with the indicator of central adiposity, waist circumference (p&lt;0.05), among the subjects. However, significant correlation between betatrophin and HOMA-IR and HOMA-β was not observed in both groups (p=0.14 and 0.20 respectively). Taken together, betatrophin hormone has been found to decrease in adult central obesity, which is noticeably associated with insulin resistance and compensatory beta-cell hyperfunction. Betatrophin, previously regarded as beta-cell mitogen, has been denied in this study, owing to lack of correlation with HOMA indexes of diabetes.

Relationship between serum Betatrophin, GPIHBP1, and LDL subfractions in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

ObjectivesGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to changes in the lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to compare serum levels of LDL subfractions, betatrophin, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) between patients with GDM and healthy pregnant women. Design and MethodsWe designed a prospective case-control study with 41 pregnant women. Subjects were divided into two groups: GDM and control. Betatrophin and GPIHBP1 levels were measured by ELISA method. Lipoprint LDL subfraction kit was used to perform LDL subfraction analysis electrophoretically. ResultsSerum levels of LDL6 subfraction, betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 were found to be higher in GDM group compared to the controls (p < 0.001). The mean LDL size were also found larger in GDM group. A positive correlation was found between betatrophin and GPIHBP1 levels (rho = 0.96, p < 0.001). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 levels were found to be increased in GDM. This maybe the result of adaptive mechanisms in response to insulin resistance, but also this relationship should be evaluated for their effects on impaired lipid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase metabolism. There is a need for further prospective studies with larger samples to fully elucidate the mechanisms of this relationship both in pregnant patients and the other patient groups.

Investigation of the relationship between betatrophin and certain key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant mice.

The present study sought to examine the relationship of betatrophin with certain key enzymes, namely lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH5), citrate synthase (CS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1), in insulin-resistant mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were used in this study (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10). S961 was administered using an osmotic pump to induce insulin resistance in the mice. The betatrophin, LDH5, CS, and ACC1 expression levels were determined from the livers of the mice using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Moreover, biochemical parameters such as the serum betatrophin, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were analyzed. The betatrophin expression and serum betatrophin (p=0.000), fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (p≤0.001), and total cholesterol (p=0.013) levels were increased in the experimental group. In addition, the CS gene expression level was statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group (p=0.01). Although strong correlation was found between the expression and serum betatrophin and triglyceride levels, no correlation was found between the betatrophin gene expression and the LDH5, ACC1, and CS gene expression levels. The betatrophin level appears to play an important role in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism, while insulin resistance increases both the betatrophin gene expression and serum levels and decreases the CS expression level. The findings suggest that betatrophin may not regulate carbohydrate metabolism through CS and LDH5 or lipid metabolism directly through the ACC1 enzyme.

Evaluation of Serum ANGPTL8/Betatrophin and Cartonectin/CTRP3 Levels in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Retinopathy.

To determine serum betatrophin and cartonectin levels and their relationship with biochemical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic retinopathy. Descriptive study. Department of Internal Medicine and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Turkey, from April to November 2020. Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), non-diabetic retinopathy (non-DR), type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy, and healthy controls, were enrolled from April to November 2020. Demographic, metabolic, and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Serum betatrophin, cartonectin, IL-6, and TNFα levels were assayed by ELISA methods. One-Way Anova or Kruskal Wallis tests were applied to find out statistical significance among different variables between four groups. A total of 84 participants (DR= 21 patients; non-DR= 21 patients; 21 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 21 healthy controls) were enrolled in the study. TNF-α level was significantly higher in both DR and non-DR than in controls (p<0.001). IL-6 level was higher in DR group than T2DM and controls (p=0.013). Serum betatrophin level was significantly higher in DR group than in non-DR and T2DM groups (p=0.002). Cartonectin level was decreased in DR, non-DR, and T2DM groups compared to non-diabetic healthy controls (p=0.002). Serum betatrophin levels are higher in DR, whereas cartonectin levels are lower in both DR and non-DR groups. Serum betatrophins and cartonectin estimation may be helpful in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis in cases of diabetic and non-diabetic retinopathy. Angiopoietin-like protein 8, Cartonectin/CTRP3, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Type 2, Diagnosis, Differential, Betatrophin.

Serum betatrophin levels and fatty acid profile in gestational diabetes mellitus: Correlation with insulin resistance

Introduction and Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) involves insulin resistance, altered levels of adipocytokines and inflammation. Interaction of various molecules in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance plays a major role in GDM. Angiopoietin-like protein 8, also named betatrophin is a hormone which is synthesized from liver and adipocytes. This molecule has beta cell-regenerating effect and is proposed to have therapeutic potential in obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of betatrophin and free fatty acids (FFA) as markers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Medical College Hospital on pregnant women with the normal body mass index. The study subjects were divided into 2 groups -one with healthy pregnant women and the other GDM and recruited for the study at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. The levels of betatrophin, insulin and FFA were estimated in the serum and HOMA-IR was calculated. Results: Insulin resistance (IR), serum betatrophin level and plasma omega-6 fatty acid levels were higher, and plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels were lower among GDM subjects in comparison to healthy pregnant women. Fasting plasma glucose, serum betatrophin level and dihomo gamma linolenic acid level showed significant positive correlation with IR while omega 3 fatty acid %, levels of alpha linolenic acid, gamma linolenic acid and lauric acid showed negative correlation with IR in GDM women. Conclusion: Altered fatty acid profile in gestational diabetes mellitus indicated potential application of fatty acids as biomarkers of metabolic derangements which arise due to insulin resistance. The findings have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.

First-trimester maternal serum betatrophin levels are decreased in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to compare maternal serum betatrophin levels during the first trimester from healthy pregnancies to those complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MethodsIn this prospective study, 320 pregnant women were evaluated in their first trimester, and 145 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were divided into the following two groups according to GDM screening results: GDM (n:20) and non-diabetic healthy control (n: 125). Samples of maternal serum fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin (HB)A1c, and betatrophin levels obtained from the women's blood samples between 11+0/7 -13+6/7 gestational weeks during first trimester nuchal translucency screening. 75-g oral glucose tolerance test protocol was preferred for GDM scanning between 24+0/7 -28+0/7 gestational weeks. ResultsMaternal age and first-trimester body mass index (BMI) were higher in the GDM group than in the control group. Gestational age at blood draw was similar between the groups. First-trimester fasting insulin, fasting glucose, hemoglobin (Hb)A1c, thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine (sT3), and thyroxine (sT4) were statistically similar between groups. First trimester Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was 2.67 ± 1.42 in the GDM group and 2.12 ± 1.61 in the control group and not statistically different. Maternal age and BMI adjusted first-trimester maternal serum betatrophin levels were 11.58 ± 6.40 ng/mL in the GDM group and 31.11 ± 3.00 ng/mL in the control group and was statistically lower in the GDM group (p < 0.001). DiscussionOur results indicated that first trimester maternal serum betatrophin levels are decreased in pregnancies complicated by GDM and first trimester betatrophin levels could be an early screening tool for GDM to allow better pregnancy management.

Study of serum betatrophin level as a biochemical marker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Study of serum betatrophin level as a biochemical marker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Analysis on the Effect of Metformin Hydrochloride Combined with Insulin Pump for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background:U To analyze the effect of metformin hydrochloride combined with insulin pump for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Overall, 216 patients with GDM in Zhangqiu Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China from Aug 2018 to Dec 2020 were enrolled and randomized into research and control groups. Patients in the control group were treated with insulin pump, while those in the research group were treated with metformin hydrochloride combined with insulin pump. The clinical efficacy, blood glucose levels, serum Betatrophin, C reactive protein (CRP), Cystatin C (Cys-C), homocysteine (Hcy), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) content, incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and incidence of adverse newborns of patients in the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment, the total clinical efficiency of the research group was 84.26%, significantly higher than that of the control group (68.52%). The levels of FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, serum Betatrophin, CRP, CysC, Hcy, adiponectin factors, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the research group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The overall incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 10.19% in the research group, and 25.93% in the control group. The comparative differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The overall incidence of adverse newborns was 9.26% in the research group, and 21.30% in the control group. The comparative differences between the two groups were statistically significant as well (P<0.05).Conclusion:Metformin hydrochloride combined with insulin pump for GDM can significantly reduce blood glucose level, regulate serum protein factor levels, and improve adverse outcomes for mother and child, which deserves clinical promotion.

Effect of nanocurcumin on serum levels of betatrophin and irisin in patients with metabolic syndrome; a clinical trial

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent disease with combination of cardio metabolic risk factors. Insulin resistance is the most important reason of metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanocurcumin on insulin resistance and serum level irisin and betatrophin in patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients and Methods: Sixty metabolic syndrome patients (30 males and 30 females) received 80 mg/daily nanocurcumin for three months. The samples of fasting blood were collected at the beginning of the study and after 90-days intervention to measure the biomarkers. Results: comparing pre and post treatment with nanocurcumin values revealed a significant change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and irisin (P&gt;0.05), but there was no change in the amount of betatrophin (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the use of nanocurcumin for 90 days may have positive effects on some metabolic components. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings. Trial registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20120215009014N214; https:// www.irct.ir/trial/30187, ethical code; IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.859).

Effects of different exercise loads on serum betatrophin (ANGPTL-8/lipasin) and cartonectin (CTRP-3) levels in metabolic syndrome

Abstract Objectives The number of studies examining the circulating level change of betatrophin and cartonectin in metabolic syndrome applying different loads of exercise is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how different loads of exercises regulate the betatrophin and cartonectin levels in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Methods A total of 24 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; G1: control group (fed with standard diet and tap water), G2: metabolic syndrome group (without exercise application), G3: metabolic syndrome + aerobic exercise group (aerobic exercise applied), G4: metabolic syndrome + anaerobic exercise group (anaerobic exercise applied). Betatrophin and Cartonectin levels were determined by ELISA method in serum samples. Results There was a statistically significant difference in betatrophin levels between the groups and this differentiation was caused by G2 (p &lt;0.05). Cartonectin levels were not significantly different between groups (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that anaerobic exercises have more positive effects on glucose balance in metabolic syndrome than aerobic exercises, and by regulating betatrophin levels, anaerobic exercises indicate this effect.

Decreased serum betatrophin may correlate with the improvement of obstructive sleep apnea after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery

Obesity is strongly correlated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and bariatric surgery can effectively treat obesity and alleviate OSA. However, the contributing factors are still unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between betatrophin and OSA in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Our study consisted of thirty-seven individuals with OSA and type 2 diabetes (16 males, 21 females) undergoing RYGB surgery. The polysomnography test, anthropometric results, serum betatrophin, and abdominal magnetic resonance images were evaluated both before and 1 year after RYGB surgery. Factors that may correlate with the alleviation of OSA were investigated. In our study, RYGB surgery significantly decreased apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and serum betatrophin concentration (p < 0.001). The abdominal visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area and HOMA-IR were also significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The preoperative AHI, postoperative AHI and the change in AHI were significantly correlated with the preoperative betatrophin, postoperative betatrophin and the change in betatrophin, respectively (p < 0.05). These correlations were still significant after adjustment for other risk factors. The change in betatrophin was also independently associated with the change in minimum oxygen saturation (p < 0.001). Our data might indicate that serum betatrophin was significantly independently correlated with the improvement of OSA after bariatric surgery.

Down-regulation of betatrophin enhances insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus through activation of the GSK-3β/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among children and adolescents has been rising. Accumulating evidences have noted the significant role of betatrophin in the regulation of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In our study, we tried to figure out the underlying mechanism of betatrophin in insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). First, fasting serum betatrophin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in T2DM children. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Gutt insulin sensitivity index (ISIG) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIM) were calculated. A T2DM-IR mouse model was induced by high-fat diet, with the expression of GSK-3β and PGC-1α detected. Besides, HepG2 cells were induced by a high concentration of insulin to establish an IR cell model (HepG2-IR). The cell viability, glucose consumption, liver glycogen content, inflammation, and fluorescence level of GSK-3β and PGC-1α were analyzed. Betatrophin was highly expressed in serum of T2DM children and was positively correlated with FBG, insulin, TC, TG, LDL-C and HOMA-IR, while negatively correlated with ISIG and ISIM. Betatrophin and GSK-3β in the liver tissues of T2DM-IR mice were increased, while the PGC-1α expression was decreased. Betatrophin expression was negatively correlated with PGC-1α and positively correlated with GSK-3β. Silencing of betatrophin enhanced insulin sensitivity through the activation of GSK-3β/PGC-1α signaling pathway. In vitro experiments also found that silencing of betatrophin promoted glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis while inhibited inflammation. Our findings concluded that silencing of betatrophin could enhance insulin sensitivity and improve histopathological morphology through the activation of GSK-3β/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Association of metabolic syndrome components with circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating zinc α 2-glycoprotein (ZAG), irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and to analyze the effects of blood glucose and insulin on these cytokine concentrations in vivo.MethodsA total of 196 young women, including 78 healthy women and 118 women with MetS components, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. An oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were performed in healthy subjects and women with MetS components. An ELISA kit was used to measure serum ZAG, irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels, and their relationship with the MetS components was analyzed.ResultsIn women with MetS components, circulating irisin and betatrophin levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy women ((207 (150–248) vs 178 (147–228); P < 0.05) for irisin; (0.51 (0.38–0.63) vs 0.38 (0.23–0.52); P < 0.001) for betatrophin), but circulating ZAG and adiponectin levels were significantly lower (39.8 (26.4–50.4) vs (46.7 (40.6–63.0); P < 0.001) for ZAG; (36.5 (22.0–47.6) vs 41.2 (35.7–54.7); P < 0.01) for adiponectin). FBG, WC, and triglyceride were significantly correlated with the circulating levels of these four cytokines (P < 0.001 or <0.05). All four cytokines were associated with MetS and its components. In response to increasing insulin levels, circulating ZAG concentrations were markedly increased in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components during the EHC. However, serum irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components were significantly reduced compared with baseline.ConclusionSerum ZAG, irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin were associated with MetS and might be biomarkers for screening MetS components.

The effect of 4-week endurance training on serum levels of irisin and betatrophin in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats

Betatrophin known as pancreatic β-cell proliferation marker is secreted as a result of the muscle irisin’s expression induced by exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training on serum levels of irisin and betatrophin in diabetic rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of (1) healthy control group (H-CG), (2) diabetic control group (D-CG), and diabetic group submitted to endurance training (D-ETG). The D-ETG performed endurance exercise (4 week/5 days) on the rodent treadmill. For data analysis we used one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Irisin (p = .04) and betatrophin (p = .005) levels were significantly decreased in the D-CG. Endurance exercise only increased serum levels of irisin significantly (p = .03). There was a significant correlation was shown between serum betatrophin and beta-cell function (p = .03). It appears that a specific exercise training can increase irisin hormone, with possible impact on betatrophin expression in diabetic individuals.

The association of oxidative stress with serum irisin and betatrophin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background. Irisin and betatrophin are polypeptide hormones implicated in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by oxidative stress (OS) and the association between circulating irisin and betatrophin levels and GDM is controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the association of second-trimester irisin, betatrophin concentrations and their correlations between serum OS markers in GDM patients. Methods. The study included 45 GDM patients and 45-age matched pregnant women as controls. Serum fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), irisin and betatrophin were measured. Results. Serum irisin levels were decreased and TOS and OSI levels were found to be increased in the patient group. No significant difference was found with respect to serum betatrophin and IMA levels between study groups. A correlation analysis revealed no correlation between serum irisin and other assessed variables. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an OS condition in addition to being a metabolic disease. Although not correlated with OS, irisin but not betatrophin may be a useful biomarker to predict GDM.

Association between circulating microRNAs 486, 146b and 15b and serum betatrophin levels in obese; type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic children

BackgroundThis study tested the association between serum levels of microRNA-486, −146b and -15b and betatrophin in normal and obese children with/without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methodsthe study included 120 children; divided into three groups: G1 (50 healthy), G2 (35 obese) and G3 (35 obese with T2DM). The levels of microRNA-486, 146b and 15b and serum betatrophin were measured by their corresponding methods.Resultsserum microRNA-486, −146b, −15b and betatrophin levels were significantly high in G3 followed by G2 then G1 (p = 0.002, > 0.001, > 0.001, and > 0.001, respectively). Especially in G3, these levels correlated positively with the BMI percentile (r = 0.44, 0.58, 0.38, and 0.46, p = 0.007, > 0.001, 0.021, and 0.005, respectively), serum glucose (r = 0.56, 0.49, 0.82, 0.60, and 0.42, p > 0.001, 0.003, > 0.001, and > 0.001, respectively) and HbA1c% (r = 0.56, 0.39, 0.66, and 0.42, p > 0.001, 0.019, > 0.001, and 0.032, respectively) while, showed negative correlations with correlated with serum insulin levels (r = − 0.37, − 0.42, − 0.58, and − 0.41, p = 0.021, 0.012, > 0.001 and 0.013, respectively) and with serum C-peptide levels (r = − 0.76, − 0.50, − 0.35 and − 0.42, p > 0.001, 0.002, 0.036 and 0.011, respectively). Serum betatrophin levels correlated positively with microRNA-486, −146b and -15b levels in G2 (r = 0.35, 0.80, and 0.67, p = 0.036, > 0.001, and,> 0.001, respectively), and in G3 (r = 0.57, 0.36, and 0.38, p > 0.001, 0.029 and, 0.023, respectively).ConclusionsCirculating microRNA-486, 146b and 15b increase significantly in obese children with T2DM and these levels correlate positively with serum betatrophin levels. Further studies are required to test the role of targeting of these microRNAs and betatrophin in the timely management of obesity and/or T2DM in children.