Serum Amylase Isozymes Research Articles

Significance of serum amylase isozyme for disease duration and predict of disease severity in Sjögren’s syndrome

Significance of serum amylase isozyme for disease duration and predict of disease severity in Sjögren’s syndrome

Macroamylasemia associated with ulcerative colitis

We describe a very rare case in which macroamylasemia was associated with ulcerative colitis of total colitis type. The patient's serum amylase isozyme pattern by electrophoresis showed a broad abnormal peak toward the side of the positive pole compared with regular salivary and pancreatic fractions. Sephadex G-200 column chromatography showed a sedimentation coefficient of 6.6 S. Amylase activity was bound to IgG. Double diffusion experiments demonstrated that amylase activity could be precipitated in gel by an antibody to the lambda chain. Although inflammatory bowel disease is occasionally associated with hyperamylasemia due to pancreatitis, we emphasize that, when hyperamylasemia is recognized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, macroamylasemia also should be considered.

Quantitative analysis of serum amylase isozyme in diseases of the salivary glands

Quantitative analysis of serum amylase isozyme in diseases of the salivary glands

Serum amylase isozymes in patients with chronic pancreatitis with hyperamylasemia.

In order to clarify the relationship between hyperamylasemia and clinical states in chronic pancreatitis, serum amylase isozymes were studied in 39 cases of chronic pancreatitis including 13 cases of alcoholic pancreatitis. Hyperamylasemia in chronic pancreatitis is generally due to high pancreatic type isoamylase (P-amylase) activity in acute exacerbation, sometimes accompanied by a transient elevation in salivary type isoamylase (S-amylase). On remission, however, hyperamylasemia due to high S-amylase activity has been found. These were cases of advanced alcoholic pancreatitis, which exhibited a characteristic pattern of low serum P-amylase and high serum S-amylase activities while the clearance ratio (Cam/Ccr) was normal despite high S-amylase activity. It should be noted that hyperamylasemia in chronic pancreatitis may be caused by high S-amylase activity in addition to high P-amylase activity, especially in alcoholic pancreatitis.

Serum amylase isozyme changes in chronic pancreatitis and their clinical significance.

The diagnostic usefulness of serum amylase isozyme measurement was investigated in 17 cases of definite chronic pancreatitis and 13 cases of suspected chronic pancreatitis, a total of 30 cases. Six types of serum isoamylase patterns were distinguished according to the character of the two main amylase activities at the fraction of fast-gamma globulin and pre-gamma globulin. The amylase activity of the fast-gamma fraction rises in acute exacerbation, and falls in cases of chronic calcifying pancreatitis and in cases with a marked decrease in pancreatic exocrine function. Especially, a fall in fast-gamma amylase activity excellently reflects a decrease in pancreatic enzyme production. The measurement of amylase activity at the fast-gamma fraction therefore appears to be a useful method for assessing pancreatic damage. The significance of a frequent rise in pre-gamma amylase activity in chronic pancreatitis remains unknown.

Serum Amylase Isozymes in the Japanese Quail

The sera from two domestic (DN and DM) and a wild strains and their F1 hybrids (wild×DM) of Japanese quails were examined for amylase isozymes by the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results of this investigation was summarized as follows:1) Seven anodal bands were detected in total, which were classified into three groups, Regions I, II and III (Fig. 1). Two bands in Region I invariably occurred throughout the materials. Bands in Regions II and III showed variations, but those in Region III had a low activity and were indistinct. Accordingly, two bands occurring in Region II were subjected to genic analysis. Then, 641 birds in total were observed to determine gene frequencies among the strains.2) With regard to the two bands in Region II, there were three phenotypes AA (a fast band), BB (a slow band) and AB (Fig. 1). They were controlled by autosomal codominant alleles symboled Amy-1A and Amy-1B.3) In all strains examined, the frequency of Amy-1B was higher than that of Amy-1A. The frequencies of Amy-1A were 7.7% in the wild and 21.7% in the domestic strain.

Electrophoretic examination of human serum amylase isozymes by using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

A simple electrophoretic technique using thin layer polyacrylamide gel provided a good resolution of serum amylase isozymes with separation of up to 9 isozyme fractions. A strong oxidizing agent, ammonium persulfate, which had been used in polyacrylamide gel formation system, was removed by prior electrophoresis from the separating gel before sample application to avoid possible degradation of amylase molecule into subunits.From the results of electrophoretic mobility studies of serum, pancreatic and salivary amylase isozymes, it was concluded that amylase isozymes in human serum were of pancreatic and salivary origin.In patients with acute pancreatitis, increased amylase activities were observed on those of pancreatic origin. On the contrary, in patients with pancreatectomy, these isozyme activities disappeared from serum. In patients with mumps, amylase activities of salivary origin, which were observed in patients with pancreatectomy, increased in serum.

Serum amylase isozyme in three Austrian cattle breeds

SummarySerum amylase phenotypes were determined for 1227 animals from three Austrian cattle breeds, Tyrolean Grey, Carinthian Blondvieh and Waldviertler Blondvieh. The phenotypes were determined for 450 offspring from families where both sire and dam were typed. The distribution of the 450 progeny phenotypes in which 30 of the 36 possible mating combinations occur is compatible with the hypothesis of three autosomal co‐dominant alleles.All six possible phenotypes were found in all three breed groups. Gene frequencies of amylase alleles as well as the probability of excluding wrong parentage were estimated for all three breeds.

GENETICAL STUDIES ON SERUM AMYLASE ISOZYME IN FOWLS

Serum amylase isozyme of various breeds of domestic fowl and four species of jungle fowl was studied from genetico-biochemical aspects. The results are summarized as follows:1) In respect of serum amylase isozyme of domestic fowl, 5 bands were detected on the anode side and among these bands, genetic variations were seen in the bands A and B and the existence of three phenotypes, AA, AB and BB was confirmed. From the results of various mating experiments, these bands A and B were found to be controlled by a pair of co-dominant alleles, Amy-1A and Amy-1B located on autosome.2) As to various breeds of domestic fowl classified per origin or use, frequency of phenotype and gene frequency of serum amylase isozyme were examined. As a result, distinct differences among breeds were observed in the frequency of occurrence. The above results seem to be suggestive of the possibility of studies of breed differentiation in domestic fowl with genes controlling amylase isozyme as markers.3) Serum amylase isozyme of four species of jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, Gallus sonneratii, Gallus varius and Gallus lafayetti was analyzed and compared with that of domestic fowl. As a result, coincidence of the phenotypes of serum amylase isozyme of these jungle fowl with those of domestic fowl was confirmed.

Serum Amylase Isozyme and Its Clinical Evaluation

Serum Amylase Isozyme and Its Clinical Evaluation