Serum Allergen-specific IgE Research Articles

Paper-based array chip for multicolor visualized detection of shrimp allergen-specific IgE in serum

Shrimp is a primary trigger of food allergies, and the assay for shrimp allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is a highly accurate and effective method for diagnosing shrimp allergies. In this study, we developed a paper-based array chip (PA-chip) capable of exhibiting multiple color changes for detecting sIgE to various Litopenaeus vannamei allergens (Lit v 1, Lit v 2, and Lit v 4). The PA-chip was utilized to measure sIgE levels in 12 non-allergic volunteers and 36 shrimp-allergic patients. The sensitivities for Lit v 1-sIgE, Lit v 2-sIgE, and Lit v 4-sIgE were 100.00%, 83.33%, and 91.67%, respectively, with specificities of 91.67%, 100.00%, and 91.67%, respectively. The agreement between this method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results was 91.67%. Notably, the distinct colors on the PA-chip corresponded to varying levels of serum sIgE, offering predictive value for the severity of allergic reactions. In a word, the current study provides technical validation for allergen component-specific diagnosis.

B-056 Clinical and Analytical Performance Evaluation of Two Immunoassays for the Detection of Mite Specific Serum IgE for Allergy Diagnosis

Abstract Background IgE-mediated allergic diseases can be considered a modern epidemic, with exponential growth mainly in industrialized countries. Diagnosis is usually based on detailed medical history, physical examination, skin or challenge test and the determination of allergen-specific serum IgE - a laboratory test that has become a high-value tool in the allergy patient's journey over the last three decades. As the identification of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for a given allergen is important to aid in the allergy diagnosis, several methods for detecting IgE in vitro are available worldwide and, in recent years, there have been several improvements in laboratory methodologies bringing greater advances in terms of clinical and analytical performance. The study aims to evaluate the clinical performance and correlation between two different sIgE assays (IMMULITE® 2000 3gAllergy™ and ImmunoCAP) and their concordance with Skin Prick Test (SPT) and clinical history. Methods This prospective study was conducted with approximately 130 consecutive patients who underwent evaluation of allergic diseases in different centers in Brazil. Clinical data, blood samples, and SPT results were collected. With the blood samples, the allergens D1, D2 and D201 were evaluated using both methods (IMMULITE® 2000 3gAllergy™ and ImmunoCAP) and the data were evaluated in a correlation study and clinical concordance analysis. Results Qualitatively evaluating the sIgE results between the two immunoassays, at the cutoff point considered clinically significant (≥ 0.35 KU/L), a total agreement of 95.2% (D1); 95.1% (D2), 91.7% (D201) and 96.8% (Derp2) was observed. Semi-quantitatively evaluating through reactive interpretation, an agreement of 89.5% (D1); 91.06% (D2); 87.60% (D201) and 93.33% (Derp2) was observed. Spearman's correlation between the analytical methods was 0.85 (D1), 0.93 (D2), 0.68 (D201) and 0.76 (Derp2). When compared with the SPT results, a total agreement of 78.7% and 80.1% was obtained for 3gAllergy and ImmunoCAP, respectively, with slightly higher positive agreement for both methods. Conclusions The two methods have good agreement with each other, with greater differences when evaluated quantitatively. However, when compared to clinical history and skin prick test results, both perform very similarly with a few differences that may be caused by the difference in the assay design.

A real-world data analysis of distribution and inconsistency between total serum IgE and allergen-specific IgE results in clinical practice.

The inconsistency between serum total IgE (tIgE) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) results is often encountered in clinical practice, but the distribution and influencing factors of the inconsistent results have not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and inconsistency between tIgE and sIgE test results. A retrospective study, from the electronic medical records of 2139 patients who underwent both tIgE and sIgE tests, from January to December 2023 was reviewed. The tIgE and sIgE results and their distribution, as well as their inconsistency, were analyzed based on sex, age, and disease subgroups. 36.2% of the patients had a positive sIgE, and 43.7% had an elevated tIgE level. sIgE and tIgE results were discordant in nearly 30% of patients, with no difference between genders, while individuals aged over 60 exhibited a significantly higher inconsistency rate than the other age groups, and the inconsistency rate between tIgE and sIgE results was significantly different among different tIgE levels, sIgE grades, positive allergen count and positive allergen types. In addition, patients with chronic urticaria (CU) had a higher inconsistency rate than those with other allergic diseases, but the difference was not statistically significant. The overall inconsistency rate between tIgE and sIgE results was about 30%. The elderly group older than 60 years old is more likely to have inconsistent results, and tIgE level, sIgE level, the number and type of positive allergens also affected the consistency of tIgE and sIgE results.

Evolution of pathologic B-cell subsets and serum environment-specific sIgEs in patients with atopic dermatitis and controls, from infancy to adulthood.

While B-cells have historically been implicated in allergy development, a growing body of evidence supports their role in atopic dermatitis (AD). B-cell differentiation across ages in AD, and its relation to disease severity scores, has not been well defined. To compare the frequency of B-cell subsets in blood of 0-5, 6-11, 12-17, and ≥18 years old patients with AD versus age-matched controls. Flow cytometry was used to measure B-cell subset frequencies in the blood of 27 infants, 17 children, 11 adolescents, and 31 adults with moderate-to-severe AD and age-matched controls. IgD/CD27 and CD24/CD38 core gating systems and an 11-color flow cytometry panel were used to determine frequencies of circulating B-cell subsets. Serum total and allergen-specific IgE (sIgEs) levels were measured using ImmunoCAP®. Adolescents with AD had lower frequencies of major B-cells subsets (p < .03). CD23 expression increased with age and was higher in AD compared to controls across all age groups (p < .04). In AD patients, multiple positive correlations were observed between IL-17-producing T-cells and B-cell subsets, most significantly non-switched memory (NSM) B-cells (r = .41, p = .0005). AD severity positively correlated with a list of B-cell subsets (p < .05). IL-9 levels gradually increased during childhood, reaching a peak in adolescence, paralleling allergen sensitization, particularly in severe AD. Principal component analysis of the aggregated environmental sIgE data showed that while controls across all ages tightly clustered together, adolescents with AD demonstrated distinct clustering patterns relative to controls. Multiple correlations between B-cells and T-cells, as well as disease severity measures, suggest a complex interplay of immune pathways in AD. Unique B-cell signature during adolescence, with concurrent allergen sensitization and IL-9 surge, point to a potentially wider window of opportunity to implement interventions that may prevent the progression of the atopic march.

Analysis of allergen distribution and indoor factors in allergic rhinitis in Chaoshan area

Objective:To investigate the distribution of common allergens and indoor factors influencing the severity of allergic rhinitis in patients from the Chaoshan region. Methods:Patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from Shantou, Jieyang, and Chaozhou were selected for serum allergen-specific IgE testing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the distribution of allergens and indoor factors affecting the severity of the disease. Results:A total of 1 800 questionnaires were collected, with 1 646 valid responses, resulting in an effective response rate of 91.4%. Among the 1 646 included patients with allergic rhinitis, there were 1 285 children（≤14 years） ，361 adolescents and adults（>14 years）；of which 999 were males and 647 were females. The top three allergens with the highest positive rates were house dust mites（n=1 457, 88.5%）, milk（n=569, 34.6%）, and crab（n=360, 21.9%）. The proportions of allergen sensitization to house dust mites, house dust, dog dander, egg white, milk, fish, crab, shrimp, and beef showed statistically significant differences between children and adolescents and adults（P<0.01）. There were also statistically significant differences in crab and shrimp sensitization between males and females（P<0.01）. Multivariate analysis revealed that active/passive smoking, religious rituals, air conditioning usage, pet ownership, air purifier usage, and bedding drying were indoor factors influencing the severity of allergic rhinitis. Among them, active/passive smoking, religious rituals, air conditioning usage, and pet ownership were risk factors for exacerbating the disease, while air purifier usage and bedding drying were protective factors. Conclusion:House dust mites are the most common allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Chaoshan region. Active/passive smoking, religious rituals, air conditioning usage, and pet ownership can worsen the condition, while air purifier usage and bedding drying can help control the disease. The results of this study can provide clinical reference.

Adoptive Cell Therapy in Mice Sensitized to a Grass Pollen Allergen.

The proportion of patients with type I allergy in the world population has been increasing and with it the number of people suffering from allergic symptoms. Recently we showed that prophylactic cell therapy employing allergen-expressing bone marrow (BM) cells or splenic B cells induced allergen-specific tolerance in naïve mice. Here we investigated if cell therapy can modulate an established secondary allergen-specific immune response in pre-immunized mice. We sensitized mice against the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 and an unrelated control allergen, Bet v 1, from birch pollen before the transfer of Phl p 5-expressing BM cells. Mice were conditioned with several combinations of low-dose irradiation, costimulation blockade, rapamycin and T cell-depleting anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum after cell transfer were measured via ELISA and alterations in cellular responses were measured via an in vitro proliferation assay and transplantation of Phl p 5+ skin grafts. None of the tested treatment protocols impacted Phl p 5-specific antibody levels. Transient low-level chimerism of Phl p 5+ leukocytes as well as a markedly prolonged skin graft survival were observed in mice conditioned with high numbers of Phl p 5+ BMC or no sensitization events between the day of cell therapy and skin grafting. The data presented herein demonstrate that a pre-existing secondary allergen-specific immune response poses a substantial hurdle opposing tolerization through cell therapy and underscore the importance of prophylactic approaches for the prevention of IgE-mediated allergy.

Increased allergic inflammation and decreased lung insulin sensitivity in offspring of obese allergic mothers.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that maternal obesity and maternal allergy are major risk factors for asthma in offspring. However, the impact of maternal allergy and obesity on offspring lung insulin signaling and allergen responsiveness is not known. To evaluate this, allergic and nonallergic female mice were fed a high-fat diet or low-fat diet from 7 wk before pregnancy until weaning. Neonatal pups were allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged and then were assessed for obesity, insulin signaling, and allergic inflammation. Compared with pups of nonobese nonallergic mothers, allergen-challenged pups of obese nonallergic mothers, nonobese allergic mothers, and obese allergic mothers had bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia, with the pups of obese allergic mothers having the highest BAL eosinophilia. These pups also had lower insulin-induced lung AKT phosphorylation, indicating a decrease in lung parenchymal insulin sensitivity. In cross-fostering experiments, allergen-challenged pups exposed to both pre- and postnatal obese allergic mothers had the highest level of BAL eosinophilia. Maternal obesity or allergy increased offspring serum allergen-specific IgE and interleukin-5 that was highest when the mother was both obese and allergic. Also, allergen-challenged pups exposed to both pre- and postnatal obese allergic mothers had the highest level of interleukin-5. In summary, offspring born to obese allergic mothers have decreased lung insulin sensitivity and increased lung allergic inflammation. Interestingly, our data also demonstrate that there is both a pregnancy and postpregnancy aspect of maternal allergy and obesity that enhances allergen responsiveness in offspring.

Evaluation of the clinical performance of multiple serum sIgE detection systems based on component-resolved diagnosis.

Serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) detection is an important tool in the diagnosis of allergic diseases. However, the absence of international standards for sIgE detection systems raises questions about the comparability of different systems. This study aims to evaluate three common allergen sIgE detection systems, with a primary focus on detecting dust mite allergens. We recruited 85 children with rhinitis and 15 healthy control children. The subjects underwent testing with three different sIgE detection systems, including magnetic particle flow fluorescence, magnetic particle chemiluminescence, and protein chip, to detect sIgE levels to HDM extracts. In addition, skin prick testing (SPT) was conducted, and protein chip technology was performed to measure sIgE levels to component proteins. Our findings reveal strong consistency between SPT and the three in vitro detection systems, with consistency exceeding 71.76% for dust mite allergens. Moreover, there was excellent consistency and RAST class consistency among the three in vitro detection systems, with scores exceeding 94.12% and 89.00%, respectively. And for the 13 additional allergens crude extracts sIgE simultaneously detected by systems 1 and 2, the results showed that the consistency of both systems was above 87.00%, and the RAST class consistency was above 82.00%. The three serum sIgE detection systems exhibited an approximate 80% concordance rate with SPT in identifying dust mite allergens. Furthermore, these systems demonstrated excellent consistency and RAST class consistency among themselves. These findings suggest that the three assays introduced in this study are interchangeable in allergen diagnosis.

SCGB1C1 Plays a Critical Role in Suppression of Allergic Airway Inflammation through the Induction of Regulatory T Cell Expansion.

The nanosized vesicles secreted from various cell types into the surrounding extracellular space are called extracellular vesicles (EVs). Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs are known to have immunomodulatory effects in asthmatic mice, the role of identified pulmonary genes in the suppression of allergic airway inflammation remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the major genes responsible for immune regulation in allergic airway diseases have not been well documented. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of secretoglobin family 1C member 1 (SCGB1C1) on asthmatic mouse models. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) using intraperitoneal injection and were intranasally challenged with OVA. To evaluate the effect of SCGB1C1 on allergic airway inflammation, 5 μg/50 μL of SCGB1C1 was administrated intranasally before an OVA challenge. We evaluated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), total inflammatory cells, eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histology, serum immunoglobulin (Ig), the cytokine profiles of BALF and lung-draining lymph nodes (LLN), and the T cell populations in LLNs. The intranasal administration of SCGB1C1 significantly inhibited AHR, the presence of eosinophils in BALF, eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia in the lung, and serum total and allergen-specific IgE. SCGB1C1 treatment significantly decreased the expression of interleukin (IL)-5 in the BALF and IL-4 in the LLN, but significantly increased the expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the BALF. Furthermore, SCGB1C1 treatment notably increased the populations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in asthmatic mice. The intranasal administration of SCGB1C1 provides a significant reduction in allergic airway inflammation and improvement of lung function through the induction of Treg expansion. Therefore, SCGB1C1 may be the major regulator responsible for suppressing allergic airway inflammation.

High Serum Allergen-Specific IgE of House Dust Mite in Predicting the Risk of Comorbidity in Children with Allergic Conjunctivitis.

To investigate the patterns of allergens in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and the association with allergic comorbidity. This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 2972 children with AC. Clinical data, including sex, age, allergic comorbidities (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis), and serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR). The categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test. The characteristics of allergens in children of different ages and comorbidities were analyzed by trend chi-square. The sensitivity level of HDM associated with AC and comorbidities was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals of logistic regression analysis. A total of 2972 children (2015 boys and 957 girls) with AC were included in the study. The mean age was 3.78 (0.5~12) years. The most common allergen was house dust mite(HDM) (43.41%). With age, the positive rate for inhaled allergens gradually increased, and the positive rate for ingested allergens decreased. Withthe number of comorbiditiesincreasing, the positive rates of sensitization were 38.33%, 74.51%, 80.72%, and 89.05%, and the incidence of polysensitization was 44.66%, 56.48%, 59.54%, and 74.59%, respectively. With the increase of HDM-sIgE level, the number of comorbidities and the risk increased gradually. HDM is the most common allergen in AC children of different ages. High levels of HDM-sIgE may be a predictor for allergic comorbidities. Children with polysensitization and high levels of HDM sIgE will be an important target population for future intervention in other allergy-related disease prevention.

Triggered Skin Sensitivity: Understanding Contact Dermatitis.

Dermatitis, the incendiary reaction of the skin to various components, can manifest invarioustypes, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, nummular eczema, seborrhoea, and stasis dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is the most common skin disease in children and has a growing prevalence in recent years.It is characterized by extreme tingling, eczemous skin injuries, dryness of the skin, and a family history of atopic illnesses.Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common, irritating skin disorder caused by allergens and aggravating elements in the environment. It is the most common cause of work-related dermatitis and plays a substantial role in hand and face dermatitis. A completerestorativehistory is essential for establishing CD and identifying the allergies that cause it. Fix testing, skin tests for fast contact reactions, serum allergen-specific IgE testing, subjective and quantitative evaluation of allergens inside probable items patientswere exposedto, and challenge testing are among the other diagnostic techniques. To avoid a breakdown and the continuation of the skin illness, early and suitable therapy is critical. Allergic dermatitis to contact (ACD) develops during thenormal, delayed incendiary reaction and has a perplexing etiology. Accurate identification of the allergenthat iscausing the reaction allows for adequate individual avoidance. Themajortreatment alternatives continue to be corticosteroids. Nickel-contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction that affects both children and adults. Adverse contact dermatitis (ACD) is a frequent skin reaction to a common allergen that can affectbothchildren and adults. Less than 10% of all diagnostic procedures in pediatric patients involve checking for ACD symptoms.To answer the clinical question,a thorough history is gathered based on appearance, age group, and dermatitis type.According to pediatricians in the US, metals, perfumes, topical antimicrobials, excessive chemicals, and fabric softeners are the most typical allergens.

Relationships between lung function, allergy, and wheezing in urban children

BackgroundAllergic sensitization and low lung function in early childhood are risk factors for subsequent wheezing and asthma. However, it is unclear how allergic sensitization impacts lung function over time. ObjectiveTo test whether allergy influences lung function and whether these factors synergistically increase the risk of continued wheezing in childhood. MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal measurements of lung function (spirometry, impulse oscillometry) and allergic sensitization (aeroallergen skin tests, serum allergen-specific IgE) throughout early childhood in the Urban Environmental and Childhood Asthma study which included high-risk urban children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess lung function stability. Cluster analysis identified low, medium, and high allergy trajectories, which were compared to lung function and wheezing episodes in linear regression models. A variable selection model assessed predictors at age 5 for continued wheezing through age 12. ResultsLung function adjusted for growth was stable (ICC 0.5–0.7) from ages 5–12 years and unrelated to allergy trajectory. Lung function and allergic sensitization were associated with wheezing episodes in an additive fashion. In children with asthma, measuring lung function at age 5 added little to the medical history for predicting future wheezing episodes through age 12. ConclusionIn high-risk urban children, age-related trajectories of allergic sensitization were not associated with lung function development, however, both indicators were related to continued wheezing. These results underscore the importance of understanding early life factors that negatively impact lung development and suggest that treating allergic sensitization may not alter lung function development in early to mid-childhood.

Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE effectively alleviates allergic rhinitis symptoms by modulating functions of various cytokines and chemokines.

Currently, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains high and there is a great need to develop better and safer ways to alleviate AR symptoms. The Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE probiotic was reported as an immunomodulator through maintaining Th1/Th2 balance. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of GUANKE in AR subjects. Adults aged from 18 to 60 years old and previously suffered from AR were recruited and received GUANKE probiotics treatment for 4 weeks. The questionnaires of Total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), total non-nasal symptom score (TNNSS), and rhinitis control assessment test (RCAT) were used to assess the effectiveness before and after treatment. The serum allergen-specific IgE and cytokines were also determined at baseline and after 4 weeks of probiotics administration. The results showed that TNSS and TNNSS were significantly reduced and the RCAT score was significantly increased compared to baseline. The sub-symptom score of rhinorrhea, itching, sneezing, and tearing in each questionnaire also showed significant changes, and the serum IgE level was markedly decreased. We further measured inflammatory-related proteins in serum and found that a total of 20 proteins (6 upregulated and 14 downregulated) were significantly changed compared to baseline, including IL-4, IL-7, IL-20, IL-33, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL11, CCL4, CCL23, TGF-alpha, LAP-TGF-beta-1, MMP-1, MMP-10, AXIN1, NT-3, OSM, SCF, CD6, and NRTN. Enrichment analysis showed that these significantly altered proteins were mainly enriched in cytokine and chemokine-related signaling pathways. Taken together, this study demonstrated the Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE can serve as an effective immunobiotic for the treatment of AR, which is realized through maintaining the Th1/Th2 balance by modulating the functions of various cytokines and chemokines.

Allergen-specific immunoglobulin-Es for dermatitis in the Japanese native Noma horses.

Noma horses are native Japanese horses. Health checkups revealed that many Noma horses developed dermatitis during summer, which subsided in winter. Seasonal development and signs of itching, suggestive of allergic dermatitis, were observed. In this study, allergen-specific IgE was measured using blood samples collected from 15 Noma horses in summer and winter to identify allergens highly associated with dermatitis. The presence of dermatitis in the subject individuals was recorded during blood sample collection. White blood cell and eosinophil counts, serum total IgE concentration, and serum allergen-specific IgE units (ARUs) were measured. White blood cell and eosinophil counts were significantly higher in horses with dermatitis in summer compared to winter. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in serum total IgE concentration regardless of the presence of dermatitis or the season. Horses with dermatitis in summer showed higher ARUs derived from red ants, horseflies, biting midges, cockroaches, deerflies, and mosquitoes than those in winter. These ARUs were positively correlated with white blood cell and eosinophil counts. The factor analysis results suggested that sensitization to some insects, such as mosquitoes and deerflies, may be a cause of dermatitis. In conclusion, insect-derived allergens could be associated with the onset of dermatitis in Noma horses.

Exploring the Autoimmune Pathogenesis in Severe Asthma

Introduction: Severe asthma has a poor response to hormone therapy and a poor level of control, so the discovery of new pathogenetic mechanisms is important for diagnosing and treating severe asthma. IL-35 may play a protective role in autoimmune diseases by directly or indirectly inhibiting the secretion of IL-17, which is an important proinflammatory factor involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. The autologous serum skin test (ASST) is a good sensitivity and specificity screening test for autoimmune functional autoantibodies. We compared the levels of IL-35 and IL-17 in serum samples, the positive rate of ASST, the level of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and the atopic constitution in patients with severe asthma to those with mild-to-moderate asthma so as to explore the possible autoimmune pathogenesis of severe asthma. Methods: Patients with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma were enrolled. Their age, gender, smoking history, family history of asthma, history of allergic rhinitis, positive allergen results, serum total IgE (TlgE), allergen-specific IgE (slgE), routine blood, ASST results, and FeNO test results were compared and analyzed. The IL-35 and IL-17 levels in serum samples from both groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for comparison and analysis. The SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 50 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and 31 patients with severe asthma were included in this study. The proportion of patients with a history of smoking and a family history of asthma was significantly higher in the severe asthma group compared to the mild-to-moderate asthma group (all p < 0.05); the number of positive allergen tests was significantly lower in patients with severe asthma compared to those with mild-to-moderate asthma (p < 0.001). The rate of positive ASST was significantly higher in patients with severe asthma than in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (p < 0.05). Serum IL-17 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma than in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (p < 0.05), but serum IL-35 level between the two group was not significantly different (p = 0.113). ASST-positive patients had a statistically significant increase in the risk of developing severe asthma, while patients with allergen positive were less likely to develop severe asthma (positive ASST: OR = 5.277, p = 0.024; allergen positivity: OR = 0.123, p = 0.001). Conclusions: IL-35 has a weaker inhibitory effect on high IL-17 expression in patients with severe asthma, and the rate of positive ASST was significantly higher in patients with severe asthma, which all suggested the possibility of autoimmune pathogenesis in patients with severe asthma.

The Common Food Allergy in Iraqi Patients with Urticaria

A food allergy is a type of immunological reaction to food that is abnormal. The allergic reaction's symptoms might range from moderate to severe. Itching, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure are some of the symptoms. This can happen anywhere from a few minutes to several hours after exposure. Methods: The included samples of this study were 125 patient with chronic urticaria with age between 20 - 60 years were collected from allergy specialized center of Baghdad/ Ressafa. Determination of food allergen specific IgE in serum of total subjects was done for twenty two of common food allergens. Results: The current results showed that 39/125 of urticarial patients were positive to Beta-Lacto globulin, 29/125 positive to Banana, 21/125 positive to Apple, 14/125 positive to Egg Yolk, 10/125 positive to Sesame, 9/125 positive to Nut-Mix, 7/125 positive to Rice and Potato, 6/125 positive to Egg White, Citrus Mix and Peach, 5/125 positive to Milk and Tomato, 3/125 positive to Wheat Flour and Onion, 2/125 positive to Celery, 1/125 positive to Pea, Pork Meat, Strawberry, Baker’s Yeast, Chicken Meat and Cacao (Chocolate). Conclusions: The most common food allergies concluded in this study were for Beta-Lacto globulin, Banana, Apple, Egg Yolk and Sesame.

Serum Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Cats with Inflammatory Bronchial Disease.

The etiology of feline inflammatory bronchial disease is poorly understood. This study compares the degree of allergen-specific serum IgE responses between cats with feline asthma, chronic bronchitis, mixed inflammation, and clinically healthy cats (HCs). The retrospective case-control study used serum from eighteen cats with eosinophilic inflammation (EI), ten with neutrophilic inflammation (NI), six with mixed inflammation (MI), and fourteen HCs. Affected cats were categorized into groups based on bronchoalveolar lavage cytology. The measurement of IgE for 34 different allergens including fungal organisms, weeds, grasses, trees, mites, and insects was performed using an indirect ELISA. Positive reactions to allergens were detected in the serum of 17/18 cats with EI, 8/10 with NI, 6/6 with MI, and 11/14 HCs (p = 0.364). When overall positive reactions were compared between groups, cats with MI (p = <0.01) had significantly more positive reactions against mite allergens than HCs. Blood eosinophils inversely correlated with the absolute amount of allergen-specific serum IgE expressed in ELISA absorbance units (EAs) (p = 0.014). Sensitization against dust mites seems to be more prevalent in cats with MI. However, positive IgE reactions can be observed in healthy and diseased cats, and, therefore, need to be interpreted in the light of clinical findings and environmental conditions of individual patients.

EAACI guidelines on the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guideline provides recommendations for diagnosing IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Food allergy diagnosis starts with an allergy-focused clinical history followed by tests to determine IgE sensitization, such as serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT), and the basophil activation test (BAT), if available. Evidence for IgE sensitization should be sought for any suspected foods. The diagnosis of allergy to some foods, such as peanut and cashew nut, is well supported by SPT and serum sIgE, whereas there are less data and the performance of these tests is poorer for other foods, such as wheat and soya. The measurement of sIgE to allergen components such as Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut and Ana o 3 from cashew can be useful to further support the diagnosis, especially in pollen-sensitized individuals. BAT to peanut and sesame can be used additionally. The reference standard for food allergy diagnosis is the oral food challenge (OFC). OFC should be performed in equivocal cases. For practical reasons, open challenges are suitable in most cases. Reassessment of food allergic children with allergy tests and/or OFCs periodically over time will enable reintroduction of food into the diet in the case of spontaneous acquisition of oral tolerance.

Serum allergen-specific and total IgE concentrations in dogs with allergic disorders in South Korea

Serum allergen-specific and total IgE concentrations in dogs with allergic disorders in South Korea

Seroprevalence of Dermatophagoides farinae-specific IgE in dogs with atopic dermatitis in São Paulo, Brazil

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and pruritic disease of the skin resulting from the loss of the epidermal barrier, sensitization, and exacerbated production of IgE antibodies mainly directed against environmental allergens, especially to house dust mites. To select specific allergen immunotherapies with high efficacy, there are necessary studies with house dust mite allergens to improve both serological and intradermal tests. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of IgE against Der f 2, Zen 1, and crude Dermatophagoides farinae allergens in dogs with AD in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The sera of 85 dogs with clinically confirmed atopic dermatitis from the State of São Paulo (Brazil) was collected. In addition, an indirect ELISA test was conducted to detect allergen-specific serum IgE. IgE seropositivity was observed in 97.5% of the dogs for Der f 2, 95.0% for Zen 1, and 92.5% for the crude mite allergens. Due to this high prevalence of IgE specific to these allergens, we suggest that Der f 2 and Zen 1 can be considered major allergens for dogs in the State of São Paulo.