Serotype Research Articles

Efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccines and vaccination protocols commonly used in Mali, West Africa

Newcastle disease, caused by Avian paramyxovirus -1 (APMV-1), is a devastating disease of poultry that is endemic in many countries worldwide. Several commercial vaccines and protocols are available against the disease and in most cases, they provide good clinical protection. However, despite vaccination, cases of Newcastle disease are often seen in some countries, including Mali in West Africa. Although there is only one serotype of APMV-1, eighteen different genotypes have been identified to date. The vaccine strains used in Mali belong to either genotype I (for example I-2) or II (for example LaSota and Hitchner B1) while the most recently identified isolates in Mali are from genotypes XVII and XVIII. This study was therefore undertaken to determine whether, four currently used vaccination protocols in Mali were able to protect chickens against challenges with a recently isolated genotype XVIII strain from Mali (ML008/09) and genotype IV Herts/33. The results showed clinical protection of the vaccinated birds with no shedding of ML008/09 for all of the vaccination protocols used, while shedding was detected in birds challenged with Herts/33. The data generated in this study will assist those working in the area of Newcastle disease management and control in Mali. Key words: Avian paramyxovirus-1, Newcastle disease, serology, vaccine, Mali.

Etiology and molecular-epidemiological characteristics of viral meningo-encephalitis in Zhejiang province, 2002-2018

Objective: To understand the pathogens and molecular-epidemiologic characteristics of viral meningo-encephalitis in Zhejiang province during 2002 to 2018. Methods: All the samples were collected from suspected patients admitted to the hospitals under the monitoring program. Of the total samples, 2 173 were cerebrospinal fluids while the other 455 were stool specimens. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were subject to real-time qPCR for the detection of Human enterovirus (HEV), Mumps virus (MuV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Stool sample were subject to real-time qPCR for HEV. ELISA was used to detect the IgM antibodies in CSF, in the 5 kinds of virus mentioned above. VP1 genes from all RNA-positive specimen were amplified, sequenced, for typing and for evolution analysis. Results: 871 (40.1%) of the 2 173 samples were detected as HEV nucleic acid positive during 2002 to 2018. 654 (38.1%) of the 1 718 CSF sample were HEV nucleic acid positive while 217 (47.7%) of the 455 stool sample were HEV nucleic acid positive. Among the total positive nucleic acid sample, 670 of them were VP1 sequence positive, including 5 HEV-A and 665 HEV-B. There were 23 HEV serotypes, including Coxsackievirus (CV) CVA4, CVA6, CVA9, CVA10, CVB1-5, Echovirus (EchoV; E) E3, E4, E6,E7, E9, E11, E14, E16, E18, E21, E25, E30, E33 and EV-71. The top three serotypes went to E30, E6 and CVB5. These three serotypes presented enhanced viral activity in every several years. 795 CSF samples were detected as virus nucleic acid positive, including 374 HEV, 6 MuV, 5 HSV and 5 CMV, from 2012 to 2015 and in 2018. 5 kinds of IgM antibodies were detected simultaneously in 368 CSF samples, including 2 HEV positive, 6 JEV positive and 1 MuV positive for 5 viruses, respectively. Except for EV-71, there were 517 EchoV and 152 CV viruses presented, with the ratio of 3.4∶1. These two kinds of viruses alternately changed for each predominant epidemic strains in every 3-5 years. Based on VP1, results from the phylogenetic tree showed that HEV from Zhejiang province clustered into HEV-A and HEV-B clades respectively. E30 developed both h and i sub-genotypes. Conclusions: HEV-B seemed the main pathogen for viral meningo-encephalitis in Zhejiang province. Ratio of positive detection on EchoV was significantly higher than that on CV. These two kinds of virus alternately presented changing tendency in every several years. Predominant epidemic strains E30, CVB5 and E6 were presenting enhanced viral activity, also in every several years. High correlation was found in both HEV viral activity from the surveillance sites and in time line of the viral meningo-encephalitis outbreaks.

Inhibitory Effects of Pinus Pinaster Aiton Subsp. Atlantica Bark Extracts Against Known Food Pathogens

Pine bark extracts are a rich source of natural polyphenols that besides their known antioxidant activity may also exhibit significant antimicrobial properties. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica extracts was screened against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis) and the fungus Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404, using the disk diffusion assay. The hydroethanolic extracts obtained by Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) at 1600 W and 110 oC for 30 minutes, were compared to the Soxhlet extracts. The pine bark was dried to reach equilibrium humidity at 40 °C for 72 hours and milled to a particle’s size of 200-850 µm. The extraction yield was determined by the amount of extract recovered in mass compared to the initial amount of dry bark and the total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu colorimetric method at 725 nm. Hydroethanolic pine bark extracts were prepared at 0.25, 0.50 and 80.00 mg/mL concentrations.MAE attained higher extraction yield and higher total phenolic content (20.4±0.7% w/w and 71.1±3.4 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of sample, respectively) than Soxhlet extracts (17.6±0.2% w/w and 54.9±2.6 mg GAE/g sample, respectively).The pine bark extracts presented inhibition halos ranging from 7 to 17 mm against the gram positive bacteria, namely C. perfringens ATCC 13124 and B. cereus NCTC 11143. The MAE extracts presented higher inhibition halos than the Soxhlet ones. Regarding the tested concentrations, only C. perfringens ATCC 13124 and B. cereus NCTC 11143 were sensitive to the 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL concentrations. At 80 mg/mL all the gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to the pine bark extracts obtained by both extraction methods. On the other hand, the extracts did not show inhibitory effect against the tested gram-negative bacteria and A. brasiliensis.This study reveals that MAE is a fast and efficient method for obtaining Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica extracts with antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria.

Serotypes of human rhinoviruses isolated from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection in Shanghai during the autumn and winter of 2016-2017

Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of common viral respiratory tract infections and to analyze the distribution of human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes in children with severe acute respiratory tract infection (SARI) in Shanghai. Methods Totally 199 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were collected from children with SARI in Shanghai from October 2016 to March 2017. A nuclear acid test was performed to detect 15 common respiratory viruses in these specimens. HRV strains were screened out using the primer pairs derived from the 5′UTR of HRV and the serotypes of them were identified based on the VP4-VP2 gene sequencing. Results Among the 199 specimens, HRV-positive specimens accounted for 26.1%, followed by those positive for influenza A (6.5%), adenovirus (6.5%), respiratory syncytial virus (6.5%) and Boca virus (5%). Fifty-two HRV-positive specimens were typed by the VP4-VP2 gene sequencing with 30 belonging to species A (18 serotypes, predominant serotypes: A21, A12, A38, A78, A88 and A96), seven belonging to species B (five serotypes, predominant serotype: B72) and 15 belonging to species C (nine serotypes, predominant serotypes: C27 and C40). There were two cases of HRV co-infection. Two HRV-positive specimens could not be typed. HRV mixed serotype infections and co-infections of HRV with other viruses were existed. No significant difference in infection rates of different age groups and clinical characteristics was found between HRV-A and HRV-C infection groups. Conclusion HRV-A and HRV-C were the predominant pathogens causing SARI in children in Shanghai. Thirty-two HRV serotypes were detected and the predominant types were A21, A12, A38, A78, A88, A96, B72, C27 and C40. Key words: Severe acute respiratory infection; Children; Human rhinovirus; Serotype

The impact of childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on overall invasive pneumococcal disease, including the oldest old

ABSTRACT Objectives: Our aim was to compare serotype distribution in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Belgian population before and after introduction of the 13-valent conjugte vaccine (PCV13) in the national childhood vaccination schedule. Methods: Serotyping was performed on 12,534 pleural fluid and bacteraemic Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates sent to the National Reference Centre. We compared the distribution of serotypes (ST)/serogroups (SG) between the periods before (2007–2010) and after (2012–2015) the introduction of PCV13, in children and adults of different age groups, including older individuals (65–84 and ≥85 years). Results: The introduction of PCV13 in the childhood immunization program resulted in a reduction of 16% of all IPD-isolates. The prevalence of PCV13-SG decreased in all age groups: from 81% to 53% (p < 0.0001) in children <18 years, and from 69% to 53% (p < 0.0001) in individuals aged 18–64. This effect was also observed in age groups 65–84 (64% to 50%, p < 0.0001) and ≥85 years (63% to 47%; p < 0.0001). The proportion of IPD cases caused by non-PCV13 SG increased from 31% to 49% between the two periods, indicating replacement with non-vaccine SG. The coverage rate for the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in all age groups remains as high as 89% for the total group. Conclusion: After introduction of PCV13, a reduction of PCV13-serotypes occurred in IPD in all age groups. This supports the rationale to combine the effect of PCV13 with the broader coverage of PPV23 as a vaccination strategy for adults.

Infant Meningococcal B Vaccine: The Experience in England

As in the United States, the majority of infant meningococcal disease in Europe is caused by meningococcal serogroup B. The development of a serogroup

Serodiagnosis of wildlife leptospirosis employing recombinant leptospiral immunoglobulin like b protein antigen

Leptospirosis is a major threat in tropical and subtropical countries as well as temperate countries. The disease is caused by pathogenic Leptospira species and considered to be an emerging or re-emerging disease in many countries of the world. Infection in domestic animals and wildlife can lead to economic loss and pose a potential spread to the communities. In the present study recombinant LigB protein is employed in latex agglutination test, which is a cross reacting lipoprotein able to detect acute infection caused by any pathogenic leptospiral serovars. It was employed for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. The 46KDa 6X His tagged LigB protein, obtained by IPTG induction of recombinant E. coli M15 cells containing the N-terminal region of LigB gee in P QE30 expression vector, was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and adsorbed on latex bead surface for performing latex agglutination test against Leptospirosis suspected wildlife field sera. A total of 80 wildlife sera samples were collected, including 27 wild feline sera samples (18 tigers, 8 lions, and 1 jaguar) obtained from Chhatbir zoo, Chandigarh, 42 serasamples ( 8 tigers, 4 lions and 6 leopards, 2 cheethals, 1 black buck, 12 buffaloes and 9 zoo staff) sera and 3 live rodents ) were received from Jodhpur zoo Rajasthan, 8 sera samples (4 tigers, 3 leopards, 1 lion) sera from Van Vihar National park, Bohpal, Madhya Pradesh and 3 sera samples (2 lions,and 1 tiger) received from Biwani Mini zoo, Haryana, India. The result showed that sera were tested positive by rLigB based LAT, which were reconfirmed using microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results from LAT were in concordance with MAT. In conclusion, rLigB based LAT is a rapid, pen site, reliable diagnostic tool of high sensitivity and specificity, under laboratory and field conditions, for the detection of Leptospirosis .

Meningitis and hearing loss during an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis

Background: A large-scale outbreak of meningococcal meningitis, serotype C, occurred from December 2016 to June 2017 in some states in Nigeria. Meningitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common sequel of this disease is hearing loss. The mechanism could be through spread of infection to the ear via the cochlear duct. Objective: The study objective was to assess the hearing threshold of patients diagnosed with meningitis during an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on patients diagnosed with meningitis managed at the meningitis emergency response center in Sokoto. A standardized semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information after which the patients were examined and their hearing thresholds were measured. Results: A total of 72 patients were recruited in the study. Twenty-eight (38.9%) patients had varying degrees of hearing loss. The mean duration of illness was 3.28 ± 2.75 days. The mean duration of illness among patients with hearing loss was 5.32 ± 3.28 days and that among those without hearing loss was 1.98 ± 1.13 years (t = 6.230,P

Immunogenicity Comparison of a Next Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Animal Models and Human Infants.

Evaluation of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in an animal model provides an initial assessment of the performance of the vaccine prior to evaluation in humans. Cost, availability, study duration, cross-reactivity and applicability to humans are several factors which contribute to animal model selection. PCV15 is an investigational 15-valent PCV which includes capsular polysaccharides from pneumococcal serotypes (ST) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F and 33F all individually conjugated to cross-reactive material 197 (CRM197). Immunogenicity of PCV15 was evaluated in infant rhesus macaques (IRM), adult New Zealand white rabbits (NZWR) and CD1 mice using multiplexed pneumococcal electrochemiluminescent (Pn ECL) assay to measure serotype-specific IgG antibodies, multiplexed opsonophagocytosis assay (MOPA) to measure serotype-specific functional antibody responses and bacterial challenge in mice to evaluate protection against a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae. PCV15 was immunogenic and induced both IgG and functional antibodies to all 15 vaccine serotypes in all animal species evaluated. PCV15 also protected mice from S. pneumoniae serotype 14 intraperitoneal challenge. Opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) titers measured from sera of human infants vaccinated with PCV15 in a Phase 2 clinical trial showed a good correlation with that observed in IRM (rs=0.69, P=0.006), a medium correlation with that of rabbits (rs=0.49, P=0.06), and no correlation with that of mice (rs=0.04, P=0.89). In contrast, there was no correlation in serum IgG levels between human infants and animal models. These results demonstrate that PCV15 is immunogenic across multiple animal species, with IRM and human infants showing the best correlation for OPA responses.

Potential antileptospiral constituents from Phyllanthus amarus

Background: Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is a well-known herb for its medicinal properties and widely used worldwide. PA has a significant role in Indian Ayurveda system of medicine for treating various ailments such as gonorrhea, menorrhagia, and other genital infections. Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate antileptospiral activity and isolate the potential antileptospiral constituents of the methanol extract of PA (MPA). Materials and Methods: The primary pharmacological tests for leptospirosis were investigated by test tube dilution technique and microdilution technique. To examine the morphogenesis of experimental leptospirosis by morphologic and histological methods, albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with Leptospira interrogans sero group Icterohaemorrhagiae strains. Results: The activity-guided repeated fractionation for MPA through silica gel column chromatography yielded three compounds that exhibited antioxidant and in vitro, in vivo, and in silico antileptospiral activities. Based on diverse physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses (viz.,13C NMR,1H NMR, ultraviolet [UV], IR, and mass spectroscopy), the potential constituents were elucidated as 5-(3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl)-4,7-dimethoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxole(C1),1-(3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5tetramethoxybenzene(C2), and 4-(3-(3,4dimethoxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)butyl)-3,6-dimethoxybenzene-1,2-diol (C3). The histopathological examinations of both kidney and liver showed promising activity with C3 at 75 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The in vitro , in vivo, and in silico studies revealed that benzo methoxy class of compounds has great potential as antileptospiral agents.

Experimental infection of calves with seven serotypes of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease virus: production and characterization of reference sera.

The aim of this study was to produce reference sera against the seven serotypes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV‑1, EHDV‑2, EHDV‑4, EHDV‑5, EHDV‑6, EHDV‑7, and EHDV‑8). In a high containment unit, seven Prim 'Holstein calves were inoculated at day 0 (D0) with the selected strains (1 EHDV serotype per calf ). Blood samples (EDTA and whole blood) were periodically taken from D0 until the end of the experiment (D31). Sera were tested with two commercially available EHDV competitive ELISAs (c‑ELISA). Viral genome was detected from EDTA blood samples using in‑house real‑time RT‑PCR. Sera taken on D31 post infection (pi) were tested and characterized by serum neutralization test (SNT) and virus neutralization test (VNT) (for calibration of reference sera). Viral RNA was first detected at D2 pi in five calves. All infected animals were RT‑PCR positive at D7 pi. Seroconversion was observed between D10 and D23 pi depending on the EHDV serotype. SNT and VNT have allowed to determine the neutralizing antibody titers of each serum and the potential cross‑reactions between serotypes. The two c‑ELISA used in this study showed similar results. The calibrated sera are now available for the serological identification of an EHDV isolated on tissue culture or to be used as positive control in seroneutralization assay.

The global polio eradication initiative in Pakistan: Lessons learnt and prospects for success

Poliomyelitis commonly called polio is a highly infectious disease caused by three sero types of polio virus 1, 2 and 3, which attacks the nervous system. The virus is transmitted mostly through feco-oral route, less often it is transmitted through polluted food or water. Since there is no treatment or cure to poliomyelitis, this disease can be prevented only. The World Health Assembly in 1988 set the target to eradicate polio globally by the year 2000 through multiple doses of childhood vaccinations that protect a child for whole life.

Typbar-TCV: A New Typhoid Fever Vaccine

The morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and the emergence of drug-resistant S. Typhi

Contaminated Turkey — Have a Happy, Healthy Holiday Table

In 2018–2019, a combined effort by U.S. government entities identified 356 food-poisoning cases caused by a rare serotype of Salmonella (S. Reading) in

EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR FAST IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. AND PROTEUS BACTERIAL STRAINS

A method for the rapid genotyping of microorganisms using the double digest and selective labeling (DDSL method) was developed to identify strains of pathogenic serotypes of Salmonella spp. and Proteus. Bacterial isolates were identified on species level and grown in liquid media from collected samples ( tissues and bird droppings in different years and from different places). The results of the genotyping of these isolates are consistent with epizootological data, so this method can be recommended for practical use in identifying the routes of infection transmission and localizing the source of pathogens in environment.

Clinical characteristics of rare Streptococcal pneumonia disease in children

The clinical manifestations of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease(SPD) are various, and some patients with rare SPD types have a worse prognosis.Among them, the mortality is up to 70% after 48-72 hours of the onset of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP)-related overwhelming post-splenectomy infection(OPSI). Purpura fulminans of SP(SP-PF) is often characterized by extensive purpura, fever, hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and prognosis of the patients without prodromal symptoms is poor.Infectious endocarditis has a mortality rate of 20.7% in SP-related cardiovascular diseases, and Austrian syndrome has a fatality rate of 43.5%.The mortality rate of bacterial pericarditis was 13.56%.At present, SP vaccine can not completely cover the 7 serotypes reported.Vasculitis mainly occurs in the thoracic and abdominal aorta and its branches, middle cerebral artery and so on.Of the 8 cases of hemophagocytic syndrome, 2 cases died.Early anti-infection, methylprednisolone shock and surgical treatment can improve the prognosis.Vaccination and drug prophylaxis can help those with under-lying diseases such as splenic dysfunction to reduce the incidence of SPD, such as SP-OPSI. Key words: Streptococcus pneumoniae disease; Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection; Purpura fulminans; Austrian′s syndrome

Analysis of nine death cases with severe dengue fever

Objective To analyze the clinical features of death cases of dengue fever and the causes of their deaths. Methods The clinical data and death reports of nine death cases of dengue fever in Guangdong Province from June 23, 2014 to September 10, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All of nine cases were positive for serum dengue virus RNA as confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and some of the virus strains were serotyped. Results The median age of the nine patients was 57.5 (range: 18-80) years. Among them, six patients were females; eight patients were local cases and one was imported case; all of nine cases occurred in September and October. The median time from onset to visit hospital and diagnosis was three and four days, respectively. Three of the nine patients had underlying diseases. All of nine cases had fever, including three with double-peak fever. Eight of the cases had three or more severe dengue fever warning indexes before admission. Three cases had severe bleeding upon admission, one case had shock, and six cases had organ failure. Three cases underwent invasive examination, including arterial puncture catheterization, endoscopic titanium clip hemostasis, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography. Two cases developed malignant arrhythmia and one had massive hemorrhage of subcutaneous soft tissue after operation. The death cases included four cases of cardiogenic shock and fatal arrhythmia, three cases of encephalitis and encephalopathy, one case of refractory shock, and one case of acute liver failure. Among the six cases that underwent serological typing, four were identified as dengue virus type 1 (DEN-1) and two were DEN-2. Conclusions Severe organ failure is the major cause of dengue fever-related death, especially fulminant myocarditis, and DEN-1 is most common. Early diagnosis and treatment, and avoidance of invasive procedures can effectively reduce the mortality rate of the severe dengue fever patients. Key words: Severe dengue; Clinical features; Cause analysis

Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018

Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Methods Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial). Conclusions There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected. Key words: Food-borne Salmonella; Serotype; Drug resistance

2707. Non 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Serotypes Predominate as Causes of Pneumococcal Otitis Media in Children

BackgroundPneumococcal acute otitis media (AOM) in children due to vaccine-related serotypes (ST) has declined after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), although some serotypes, such has 3, 19A and 19F have persisted. Among non-vaccine serotypes, 35B has been shown to contribute substantially to both OM and invasive infections. This study describes the current epidemiology of pneumococcal OM isolates obtained from the U S Pediatric Multicenter Pneumococcal Surveillance Group (USPMPSG).MethodsFrom the USPMPSG database, we collected data from patients <18 years of age with pneumococcal OM isolates from 2014 to 2018. Analysis included demographics, immunization status, antimicrobial susceptibility data and serotype. Statistical comparisons included Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.ResultsA total of 494 patients with isolates were identified within the time period from 5 children’s hospitals. Median age was 1.7 years (range 0–17.6) and 299 (60.5%) were male; 176 (35.7%) had an underlying condition. Thirty-two patients had received no dose of either PCV7 or PCV13. Thirty-five serotypes were identified (3 isolates were non-typeable), of which 6 serotypes [35B (16.8%), 3 (9.5%), 15A (7.9%), 15B (7.9%), 23B (7.9%) and 21 (6.1%)] caused more than half of the total OM infections (figure). Ninety (18.2%) isolates were of PCV13 serotypes. Twenty-five of 476 (5.3%) isolates had a penicillin MIC>2 µg/mL. These were of serotypes 11A, 15A/C, 19A/F, 35B and NT; 10/455 (2.2%) isolates had ceftriaxone MIC>1 µg/mL and were of ST 3, 15A, 19A/F and 35B.ConclusionMost pneumococcal OM were caused by non-PCV13 serotypes. Serotype 35B remained the most common serotype among pneumococcal isolates recovered from ear drainage or middle ear cultures. The low proportion of penicillin-resistant isolates along with the increasing proportion of AOM cases being due to non-pneumococcal isolates supports the consideration to switch routine antibiotic treatment for AOM to standard dose amoxicillin-clavulanate from high dose amoxicillin in PCV13 immunized children (Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018;37:1255–1257). Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

1628. Clinical, Epidemiological and Microbiological Characterization of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease in Hospitalized Adults from 5 Tertiary Hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia: A Descriptive Study

BackgroundIn Colombia, clinical characteristics related to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and circulating pneumococcal serotypes (ST) in adults are scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of IPD in hospitalized adults ≥18 years old in 5 tertiary hospitals in Colombia from 2011 to 2017.MethodsA descriptive, observational, retrospective study was conducted in 5 tertiary care hospitals during a 7-year period. Demographic, clinical data and in-hospital outcomes were collected through chart review from all culture-confirmed invasive S. pneumoniae cases in each hospital. The National Health Institute laboratory database was assessed to obtain information about ST (Quellung) and antimicrobial susceptibility (Broth microdilution).Results128 cases of IPD were included in this interim analysis, 70(54.7%) were males. The median age was 58 ± 16.7 years. Main underlying conditions were cardiovascular disease (32%), smoking (27.9%), diabetes (20.3%), autoimmune diseases (18.8%), and cancer (18%). The main clinical presentation was bacteremic pneumonia (66.4%), followed by meningitis (14.8%), bacteremia (14.1%) and other (3.1%). Critical care management was required in more than half of the patients: ICU (60.2%), mechanical ventilation (53%) and inotropic support (51.6%). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 43% and was 39%, 52.6% and 61% for pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia, respectively. ST was known for 82(64%) cases, most frequent ST were: 3(10.9%), 14(7.3%), 19A(6,1%), 1(4.8%), 4/8/11A/22F (3.65% for each one). ST contained in 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PPVS23) and non-vaccine serotypes accounted for 43.9%, 54.9%, and 40.2% of IPD cases, respectively (Figure 1). 83% and 80.7% strains were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, respectively.ConclusionPneumonia is the most common clinical presentation of IPD among adults. The clinical outcome was severe with high mortality rate and need of critical care management. ST contained in PCV13 and PPVS23 accounted for 43.9% and 54.9% of IPD cases. This study highlights the importance to strengthen local surveillance and the implementation of pneumococcal immunization programs in high-risk population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.