Seroprevalence Of Brucellosis Research Articles

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in North West Province, South Africa.

Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis responsible for considerable economic losses in livestock and health-related burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in four districts of the North West province of South Africa (Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati, Ngaka Modiri Molema, Bojanala platinum and Dr Kenneth Kaunda districts). Seven hundred and seventy blood samples from farmed animals (n= 378) and abattoir-slaughtered animals (n= 392) were collected. In addition, milk samples (n= 22) were collected from lactating farmed cows. Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and milk ring test (MRT) were used to detect antibodies againstBrucellaspecies. The RBT showed a seroprevalence of 2% at 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.35-3.35), CFT confirmed an overall seroprevalence of 1.95% (95% CI: 1.14-3.12) for all four districts sampled. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be low, the possibility of undetected cases of the disease could not be ruled out. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the surveyed areas of the North West province of South Africa.Contribution:The outcome of this study will contribute to the National Brucellosis Project organised by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (2016-2026) to assist in the effective implementation of the disease control measures with a view to prevent further outbreaks in the country's cattle population.

Seroprevalence of Human Brucellosis among Syrian Refugees in Jordan, 2022.

Brucellosis is prevalent in Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated factors among Syrian refugees in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Syrian refugees who attended the Public Health Lab (PHL) in Al Mafraq governorate, during the period of May-June 2022 to obtain a health certificate, which is legally required to receive governmental authorization for employment in Jordan. Blood samples were obtained from participants and a serum specimen was tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against Brucella using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG kits (Vircell Microbiologists, Granada, Spain). A total of 1562 Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged between 18 and 74 years, with a median age of 30 years at presentation. The majority were males (75.9%, n = 1186) and 24.1% (n = 376) were females. The Brucella ELISA IgG results were positive for 149 persons, with an overall seroprevalence rate of 9.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.0%-11.0%). Having animal-related occupations, residing outside refugee camps, consuming unpasteurized milk, handling animals or their tissues, and slaughtering animals within 6 months of study inclusion were significantly higher among the seropositive group. In the multivariate analysis, IgG-positive persons were 13 times more likely to report being diagnosed with brucellosis (OR = 13.1, 95% CI: 6.1-28.3; p ≤ 0.001). In addition, they were more likely to reside in the city of Al Mafraq, as opposed to a refugee camp (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2; p = 0.025) and to have handled animals within 6 months of study inclusion (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1-8.9; p = 0.035). In conclusion, one-tenth of adult Syrian refugees were tested positive for Brucella ELISA IgG. Being diagnosed with brucellosis, residing in the city of Al Mafraq, as opposed to a refugee camp, and handling animals within 6 months of study inclusion were significantly associated with being positive for Brucella ELISA IgG. This study illustrates the need for improved brucellosis control measures via comprehensive vaccination of animals and enhanced laboratory detection and surveillance capacities, in addition to emphasizing the need for increased awareness sessions among Syrian refugees on the safe use and preparation of dairy products and safety practices of handling animals and their tissues.

Seroprevalence and Molecular Characterization of Brucella abortus from the Himalayan Marmot in Qinghai, China.

Brucellosis is a serious public health issue in Qinghai (QH), China. Surveying the seroprevalence and isolation of B. abortus strains from marmots is key to understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of brucellosis. In this study, a set of methods, including a serology survey, bacteriology, antibiotic susceptibility, molecular genotyping (MLST and MLVA), and genome sequencing, were employed to characterize the two B. abortus strains. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in marmots was 7.0% (80/1146) by serum tube agglutination test (SAT); one Brucella strain was recovered from these positive samples, and another Brucella strain from a human. Two strains were identified as B. abortus bv. 1 and were susceptible to all eight drugs examined. The distribution patterns of the accessory genes, virulence associated genes, and resistance genes of the two strains were consistent, and there was excellent collinearity between the two strains on chromosome I, but they had significant SVs in chromosome II, including inversions and translocations. MLST genotyping identified two B. abortus strains as ST2, and MLVA-16 analysis showed that the two strains clustered with strains from northern China. WGS-SNP phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains were genetically homogeneous with strains from the northern region, implying that strains from a common lineage were spread continuously in different regions and hosts. Seroprevalence and molecular clues demonstrated frequent direct or indirect contact between sheep/goats, cattle, and marmots, implying that wildlife plays a vital role in the maintenance and spread of B. abortus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock in Iran: a meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock in Iran: a meta-analysis

The outbreak of migratory goat's brucellosis in the Swat ecosystem of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Brucellosis is a major threat to public health especially in developing countries including Pakistan. This study reveals the characterisation ofBrucellaspecies affecting humans and goats in the Swat region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from shepherds and goats and analysed by Rose Bengal precipitation test (RBPT), standard plate agglutination test (SPAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The findings of the study indicated 24% (36/150) and 11.3% (17/150) positivity forBrucella abortusandBrucella melitensis,respectively, in human samples. In samples of goats, 26.66% (40/150) were positive forB. abortusand 16.66% (25/150) samples were positiveB. melitensisby SPAT. The species-specific PCR confirmedB. abortusin 24% (36/150) of human samples and 26.66% (17/150) of goat samples by targeting the IS711 locus. The remaining seropositive samples were confirmed asB. melitensisusing IS711 M species-specific primer. The sequences of the amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene were blasted, and phylogenetic analysis revealed thatBrucellaspecies circulating in the Swat district were closely related toB. melitensisandB. abortusreported from India, China, Philippines, and the United States (US) showing the existence of the possible epidemiological linkage among theBrucellaspecies. This study concluded that there was a higher prevalence ofB. abortus(26.6%) in humans and goats compared toB. melitensis(16.6%). These results revealed that theBrucellaspecies were circulating in both humans and goats in the study areas. The findings of the study concluded thatB. abortusandB. melitensiswere circulating in goats and shepherds with a higher prevalence ofB. abortusthanB. melitensis. Furthermore, theBrucellaspecies identified in Swat were phylogenetically related to theBrucellaspecies reported from India, China, Philippines and the US.Contribution:The proposed study covers the scope of the journal. The species of the genusBrucellaaffect both animals and shepherds. This study investigates the seroprevalence of brucellosis in shepherds and goats in different geographical areas in the Swat district. The phylogenetic analysis of theBrucellaspp. identified in Swat showed close relationships to theBrucellaspecies reported in India, China, Philippines and the US, which shows the possible epidemiological linkages between theBrucellaspp.

Seroprevalence and potential risk factors of brucellosis in sheep from America, Africa and Asia regions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBrucellosis, a neglected and global zoonotic disease, infect a variety of mammals, among which sheep are one of the main hosts. This disease results in huge economic losses and is a widespread concern around the world. ResultBased on the selection criteria, 40 articles from 2010 to 2021 of five databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Science Direct) reported in America, Africa and Asia were included. The data showed that during this period, the overall seroprevalence of sheep brucellosis on these three continents was 6.2%. At the regional level, sheep brucellosis had the highest seroprevalence (8.5%) in Africa and the lowest seroprevalence (1.9%) in the Americas. With regard to the age of the sheep, the seroprevalence was significantly higher in adult sheep (15.5%) than in lambs (8.6%). Further, the seroprevalence was significantly higher in sheep that had abortion (44.3%) than in pregnant (13.0%) and non-pregnant sheep (9.5%). With regard to herd size, herds with >20 sheep (35.4%) had a significantly higher seroprevalence than herds with <20 sheep (16.8%). In terms of farming and grazing mode, free-range rearing (8.4%) was associated with a significantly higher seroprevalence than intensive farming (2.8%), and mixed grazing (37.0%) was associated with a significantly higher seroprevalence than single grazing (5.7%). ConclusionSheep brucellosis is widely distributed in sheep-rearing regions of America, Africa and Asia, and sheep are susceptible to brucellosis by themselves or from other infectious sources. Therefore, timely monitoring of ovine brucellosis and improving farming and grazing patterns are critical to reducing the prevalence of brucellosis.

Seroprevalence and related risk factors of Brucella spp. in livestock and humans in Garbatula subcounty, Isiolo county, Kenya.

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that affects both animals and humans, causing debilitating illness in humans and socio-economic losses in livestock-keeping households globally. The disease is endemic in many developing countries, including Kenya, but measures to prevent and control the disease are often inadequate among high-risk populations. This study aimed to investigate the human and livestock seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated risk factors of Brucella spp. in a pastoralist region of northern Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a two-stage cluster sampling method to select households, livestock, and humans for sampling. Blood samples were collected from 683 humans and 2157 animals, and Brucella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on potential risk factors associated with human and animal exposures. Risk factors associated with Brucella spp. exposures in humans and livestock were identified using Multivariate logistic regression. The results indicated an overall livestock Brucella spp. seroprevalence of 10.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 9.2-11.7). Camels had the highest exposure rates at 19.6% (95% CI: 12.4-27.3), followed by goats at 13.2% (95% CI: 9.3-17.1), cattle at 13.1% (95% CI: 11.1-15.3) and sheep at 5.4% (95% CI: 4.0-6.9). The herd-level seroprevalence was 51.7% (95% CI: 47.9-55.7). Adult animals (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.3, CI: 1.3-4.0), female animals (aOR = 1.7, CI: 1.1-2.6), and large herd sizes (aOR = 2.3, CI: 1.3-4.0) were significantly associated with anti-brucella antibody detection while sheep had significantly lower odds of Brucella spp. exposure compared to cattle (aOR = 1.3, CI: 0.8-2.1) and camels (aOR = 2.4, CI: 1.2-4.8). Human individual and household seroprevalences were 54.0% (95% CI: 50.2-58.0) and 86.4% (95% CI: 84.0-89.0), respectively. Significant risk factors associated with human seropositivity included being male (aOR = 2.1, CI:1.3-3.2), residing in Sericho ward (aOR = 1.6, CI:1.1-2.5) and having no formal education (aOR = 3.0, CI:1.5-5.9). There was a strong correlation between human seropositivity and herd exposure (aOR = 1.6, CI:1.2-2.3). The study provides evidence of high human and livestock exposures to Brucella spp. and identifies important risk factors associated with disease spread. These findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention and control measures to curb the spread of brucellosis and implement a One Health surveillance to ensure early detection of the disease in Isiolo County, Northern Kenya.

Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and its incidence in human in Thi-Qar province

Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and its incidence in human in Thi-Qar province

Herd and animal level seroprevalence and associated risk factors of small ruminant brucellosis in the Korahey zone, Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia.

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of major public health and economic importance that is endemic in livestock in Ethiopia with varying levels of seroprevalence. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the individual and herd-level seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in the Korahey zone of the Ethiopian Somali Region. A total of 324 sera from 63 herds of small ruminants were collected randomly using a multistage sampling technique and the sera were tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Test, and seropositive reactors were confirmed by the Complement Fixation Test. The seroprevalence of brucellosis at the herds and the individual level was 6.35% (95% CI: 0.0-13%) and 1.23% (95% CI: 0.0-2%), respectively; with 1.4% in goats and 0.9% in sheep. Moreover, predicted variables like age group, parity, history of abortion, fetal membranes, herd size, ownership of other livestock species, contact with wild animals in the past year, the introduction of new animals in the past year, and lending of breeding males in the past year were not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with Brucella seropositivity at individual and herd level seroprevalence during multivariable logistic regression analysis. Pastoral community awareness regarding the public health impact of brucellosis and the promotion of an intersectoral One Health approach for the effective control of brucellosis is recommended.

Seroprevalence, Accuracy and Precision Value of Brucellosis Surveillence at The Region Area of Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Balikpapan

The Technical Implementation Unit alai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Balikpapan plays a role in efforts to prevent the entry, spread, and release of HPHK. Direct observation was performed by surveying the target brucellosis in the region of Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Balikpapan. This surveillance aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and to support the maintenance of brucellosis status in East Kalimantan. Sampling in areas with reported clinical symptoms and brucellosis reactors. The sampling areas were based on the region of Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Balikpapan in Balikpapan City, North Penajam Paser Regency, Paser Regency, and Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The method for calculating the number of samples to detect the disease uses the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The test results showed a seroprevalence of 0.29%, positive and negative predictive values of 50% and 99,7%, respectively, an accuracy value of 99.11%, and a precision of 50%. The test performance based on the accuracy value was excellent because it had a value of 99.11%, which means that the ability of the CFT to detect all samples tested correctly was 99.11%. The test carried out using the CFT test on this surveillance had a precision or test consistency of 50%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 99.7%, respectively.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Related to Bovine Brucellosis in Continental Ecuador.

Bovine brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic contagious disease. According to World Animal Health Information System reports Ecuador has presented an increasing number of bovine brucellosis outbreaks in the continental territory over the past years (756 in 2018 versus 964 in 2021), generating economic losses for producers and causing a risk to public health. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and associated risk or protective factors between May and June 2018. This stratified random study was implemented in 290 cattle herds located in the 23 provinces of continental Ecuador, which represents a total of 3737 cows aged 24 months or older. A competitive ELISA was used to detect Brucella antibodies. Simultaneously, an epidemiological survey was implemented to assess the brucellosis risk or protective factors. The apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis at the herd level was 21.3% (95% CI: 16.8-26.6) and 6.2% (95% CI: 5.5-7) at the animal level. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the potential factors associated with the presence of bovine brucellosis. The risk factors identified after multivariate analysis were a surface in ha per herd > 70 ha (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.18-6.32) and the number of parturitions per animal (two or more with OR ≥ 1.8 and p-value ≤ 0.047). On the contrary, the protective factors were the region (farms located in the eastern region) and the absence of reported clinical signs. In addition, in herds where extensive production predominates, farmers have a low level of knowledge, and the farm biosecurity level is low. These results can guide the authorities in managing the risk factors identified, understanding the current epidemiological situation in Ecuador, improving the bovine brucellosis control program and food safety, as well as increase the one-health approach.

Sero-prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle and Related Human Population in District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Brucellosis is one of the most widespread and contagious bacterial zoonotic diseases in the world posing a major threat to human health and animal husbandry. Sero-prevalence of brucellosis was investigated in District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 886 blood samples were collected from animals (n=484) and humans (n=402). A total of 58 (11.98%) animal samples and human samples 25 (6.21%) were found positive for Brucellosis. The seropositive percentage was higher in buffaloes (12.02%) than in cows 7/60 (11.66%). In buffaloes, more females (12.07%) were found infected with brucellosis as compared to males (11.62%). Similarly, female cows showed higher seropositivity (13.20%) than male cows (0). The highest seroprevalence (19.23%) was observed in the age group 6–8 years. Seropositive animals with a history of previous abortion were (77.77%) while seropositive animals with no abortion history were (6.69%). In humans, prevalence percentage was greater in males (6.94%) than in females (5.81%). The age group 37-48 years showed the highest seroprevalence (9.91%). Aborted females showed higher seropositivity (45%) as compared to non-aborted females (2.52%). Sero-prevalence was recorded in 6.38% of individuals with animal contact and in 3.84% of individuals with no animal contact. Raw milk consumers (6.46%) and non-consumers (3.22%) were also found positive for Brucellosis. Different risk factors that may influence the prevalence of Brucellosis need to be considered for the control of the disease and to minimize its spreading in the population.

Risk factors associated to bovine brucellosis seroprevalence in the eastern region of Paraguay.

In Paraguay, whose main economic activity is cattle raising, bovine brucellosis is an endemic disease. Between May 2019 and October 2020, a national prevalence survey was implemented by the Paraguayan Veterinary Services. In the frame of that survey, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the eastern region of Paraguay to identify the risk factors that could be associated with brucellosis-positive farms and to estimate the bovine brucellosis seroprevalence and farmers' awareness about the disease. A questionnaire was administered to farmers to collect data on potential risk factors for bovine brucellosis as well as awareness on the disease. A logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with a farm brucellosis positive status. Blood samples were collected from 2551 cattle on 133 farms. The overall apparent seroprevalence was 27.8 % (95 % CI: 20.4-36.3 %) at the farm level, and 5.5 % (95 % CI: 4.7-6.5 %) at the animal level. Among 18 potential risk factors, four were associated with a farm brucellosis positive status. Farm size was associated with a higher risk of positive status in medium (20-80 cows) and large farms (>80 cows), compared with small farms (<20 cows). Barn disinfection had a protective effect on the risk of positive status. Conversely, presence of dogs and not incinerating/burying aborted material increased this risk. Even if 89 % of the farmers acknowledged being aware of the bovine brucellosis transmission to humans, only 46% of these farmers declared using protective gloves during calving or when handling abortions. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of implementing biosecurity measures and proper disposal of aborted material to control the disease. Therefore, to control the disease in Paraguay, vaccination campaigns should be accompanied by awareness campaigns addressing good farm management practices to minimize the risk of introduction and maintenance of brucellosis as well as the risk of human infection.

Seroprevalence of &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; infection in cattle and small ruminants in South Omo zone, southern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of the South Omo Zone to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors. Additionally, the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of livestock keepers about the disease were also assessed. A total of 1349 sera samples were collected from 450 cattle and 899 small ruminants (450 goats and 449 sheep) kept under an extensive production system. Rose Bengal Plate Test was used for screening and ELISA as a confirmatory test for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species. Based on confirmatory tests, the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.2 % (95% CI: 1.1 – 4.1%) in cattle, 2.0% (95% CI: 0.9, 3.8%) in goats and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.5, 2.9%) in sheep with higher seropositivity in cattle compared to small ruminants. Seropositivity did not vary significantly (p&gt; 0.05) with agroecology, age, and sex groups in cattle. However, a higher seroprevalence of 2.7% was detected in male cattle compared to 1.6% for females. Seroprevalence was higher in small ruminants from the lowland agroecology (3.0%) than those from the midlands (0.8%). Study respondents had a low level of knowledge on brucellosis with only 43% of them having some information about the disease. Most of the respondents have routinely engaged in practices that can expose them to infections such as assisted delivery (65%), contact with after-birth materials (50%), and handling aborted materials (15%) without any protection. High consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (93%) such as raw whole milk and traditionally fermented dairy product is also common. This study provides information on the occurrence f brucellosis in major livestock species kept at cross-border marginal areas with limited disease information. The existence of various exposure practices implies the need for creating awareness among livestock keepers on general disease transmission and its zoonotic role.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on brucellosis seroprevalence in ruminants (1970 – 2020) of India

Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and neglected bacterial zoonotic diseases. The disease has been reported in ruminants in almost all Indian states. But there is a lack of comprehensive information on the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the Indian subcontinent. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of brucellosis among ruminants of India was conducted from the published articles (January 1970 - June 2020) by including 172 studies screened from 567 publications. The estimated brucellosis seroprevalence of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, yak and mithun was 14% (95% CI: 12% - 16%), 8% (95% CI: 6% - 9%), 8% (95% CI: 7% - 10%), 8% (95% CI: 7% - 9%), 16% (95% CI: 7% - 28%) and 26% (95% CI: 12% - 42%), respectively. Sub-group analysiswas performed based on diagnostic tests, regions, publication year, and sample size. The estimated seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and goats was found to be higher in the central region compared to other regions. Similarly, the western region showed a higher seroprevalence for brucellosis in buffalo and sheep. Given the estimated animal population of 2021, the meta-analysis estimated that the total number of seropositive animals would be 26.95 million cattle (95% CI: 23.09–30.78), 8.78 million buffaloes (95% CI: 6.59–9.89), 5.94 million sheep (95% CI: 5.20–7.43), 11.91 million goats (95% CI: 10.42–13.40), 9.6 thousand yaks (95% CI: 0.0042–0.0168), and 100 thousand mithun (95% CI: 0.05–0.16). Further, the comprehensive picture of the brucellosis seroprevalence may help the decisionmaking authorities in formulating better prevention and control strategies for brucellosis in India.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on brucellosis seroprevalence in ruminants (1970 – 2020) of India

Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and neglected bacterial zoonotic diseases. The disease has been reported in ruminants in almost all Indian states. But there is a lack of comprehensive information on the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the Indian subcontinent. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of brucellosis among ruminants of India was conducted from the published articles (January 1970 - June 2020) by including 172 studies screened from 567 publications. The estimated brucellosis seroprevalence of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, yak and mithun was 14% (95% CI: 12% - 16%), 8% (95% CI: 6% - 9%), 8% (95% CI: 7% - 10%), 8% (95% CI: 7% - 9%), 16% (95% CI: 7% - 28%) and 26% (95% CI: 12% - 42%), respectively. Sub-group analysiswas performed based on diagnostic tests, regions, publication year, and sample size. The estimated seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and goats was found to be higher in the central region compared to other regions. Similarly, the western region showed a higher seroprevalence for brucellosis in buffalo and sheep. Given the estimated animal population of 2021, the meta-analysis estimated that the total number of seropositive animals would be 26.95 million cattle (95% CI: 23.09–30.78), 8.78 million buffaloes (95% CI: 6.59–9.89), 5.94 million sheep (95% CI: 5.20–7.43), 11.91 million goats (95% CI: 10.42–13.40), 9.6 thousand yaks (95% CI: 0.0042–0.0168), and 100 thousand mithun (95% CI: 0.05–0.16). Further, the comprehensive picture of the brucellosis seroprevalence may help the decisionmaking authorities in formulating better prevention and control strategies for brucellosis in India.

Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and associated factors among dairy cows with recent cases of abortion in Ethiopia

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is a serious zoonotic disease affecting human and all domestic animals. It is considered to be one of the great public health problems all over the world. Little attention has been paid to bovine brucellosis in small holder dairy farm and in animal owners and farm workers in central highland of Ethiopia. This research was conducted with the aim of determining seropositivity and identifying the potential risk factors of brucellosis in dairy cows with recent cases of abortion in the central highlands of Ethiopia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with purposive sampling carried out on dairy cows in the farms and kebeles from December 2019 to May 2020. The serum samples were initially screened for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) followed by the complement fixation test (CFT) for confirmation. The risk factors for bovine brucellosis were assessed using univariable Firth bias reduced logistic regression.ResultsA total of 352 samples were tested. Serological positivity for bovine brucellosis was detected in 1.2% (95% CI: 0.47–2.97) by RBPT, and bovine brucellosis confirmed by CFT was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.16–2.09). The risk factors for confirmed bovine brucellosis were the late stage of abortion (OR = 1.046, p = &lt; 0.0041), retained fetal membranes (OR = 32.74, p = 0.006), and market‐based stock replacement (OR = 1.0638, p = 0.0008), which are significantly associated at 95% confidence interval.ConclusionThe proportion of brucellosis among aborted cows seems to be low in the study area. However, given the lack of control strategies in the area, there is a potential risk of transmission in dairy cattle and the human population in the study areas.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Patients Having Complained of Joint Pain: A Case Control.

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in patients with joint pain. A total of 200 participants aged from 7 to 86 years were involved in this study. Blood samples were collected from all the participants for two years, from September 2019 to September 2021, and screened forBrucellausing anti-brucella IgM ELISA and anti-brucella IgG ELISA antibodies. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and human brucellosis-related risk factors. HumanBrucellaseroprevalence was 19 (9.5%) for BrucellaIgM ELISA and 23 (11.5%) forBrucellaIgG ELISA. The sensitivity forBrucellaIgM ELISA andBrucellaIgG ELISA was 65.2% and 31.6%, respectively, while the specificity was 44.1% forBrucellaIgM ELISA and 77.9% forBrucellaIgG ELISA. All blood culture reports of all patients were negative. The principal presentation was the observable symptoms of human brucellosis: fever, headache, chills, myalgia, and Joint pain. Risk factors like consumption of raw milk or their products were found to be the most important forBrucellainfection, so the awareness or information of risk factors and the modes of transmission is much more important in control and prevention programs. General awareness about clinical symptoms should be increased, which will improve proper diagnosis and will be helpful in early treatment. An ELISA test should be considered for diagnosing brucellosis in both acute and chronic phases.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis infection in sheep in China during 2003-2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Brucellosis is an important zoonotic chronic infectious disease caused by Brucella. The disease mainly infects animals, such as sheep, cattle, pigs, and dogs, it can also infect humans, and sheep are the most seriously infected animals in China. The incidence of brucellosis has been rising annually in recent years, which has resulted in significant financial losses for the sheep business. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the seroprevalence of brucellosis infection in sheep in China from 2003 to October 2022. A sum of 92 relevant articles were retrieved from three Chinese databases and three English databases, and they were analyzed by RStudio software using a random-effects model. In accordance with the conclusions, the pooled incidence of brucellosis infection in sheep was 1.09% in China. Regarding the time distribution, sheep’s brucellosis seroprevalence was the highest from 2012 to 2016 (1.83%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94-3.01) and the seroprevalence was the lowest during 2016-2022 (0.81%, 95% CI: 0.43-1.31). The regional distribution revealed that Northeast China has the highest seroprevalence (2.94%, 95% CI: 0.07-9.81), while that was the lowest in the East China (0.23%, 95%CI: 0.05-0.52). Among different provinces, Hebei Province had the highest incidence (17.41%, 95% CI: 17.41-21.77), and it was the lowest in Guangdong Province (0.08%, 95% CI: 0.02-0.18). Meta-analysis revealed that brucellosis infection was widely spread in sheep in China, thus, In order to lessen the financial losses and risks to human health brought on by brucellosis infection, it is vital to increase the control of the disease in animals.

Seroprevalence, and molecular detection of Brucella abortus in cattle tissues from an abattoir in Namibia

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in Namibia. This study estimated seroprevalence of brucellosis, and determined the presence of Brucella infection in slaughtered cattle using the genus-specific 16-23S rRNA interspacer PCR (ITS-PCR), and the species-specific AMOS-PCR. Between December 2018 and May 2019, sera (n = 304), pooled lymph nodes (n = 304), and individual spleen (n = 304) were collected from slaughtered cattle from 52 farms. Sera were tested for anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test (RBT), and the complement fixation test (CFT). Seroprevalence was 2.3% (7/304) (RBT) and 1.6% (5/304) (CFT). Prevalence of positive herds was 9.6% (5/52). Lymph node (n = 200) and spleen (n = 200) samples from seronegative cattle tested negative for Brucella spp. DNA on ITS-PCR, but Brucella spp. DNA was detected in lymph nodes (85.7%, 6/7) and spleen (85.7%, 6/7) from RBT positive cattle. ITS-PCR confirmed isolates from lymph node (51.4%, 4/7) and spleen (85.7%, 6/7) as Brucella spp.; while AMOS-PCR and Brucella abortus species specific (BaSS) PCR confirmed the isolates as Brucella abortus, and field strains, respectively. Provision of adequate protective gear, and the promotion of brucellosis awareness among abattoir workers is recommended to prevent zoonotic infection.