Seroprevalence Of Transfusion Transmitted Infections Research Articles

COVID-19 impact on blood donor characteristics and seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in southern Thailand between 2018 and 2022

Blood safety is a critical aspect of healthcare systems worldwide involving rigorous screening, testing, and processing protocols to minimize the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The present study offers a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among blood donors in southern Thailand. It explores the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the blood transfusion service, donor characteristics, and the prevalence of TTIs. A retrospective analysis of 65,511 blood donors between 2018 and 2022 was conducted at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. The socio-demographic characteristics of the donors were examined using the Chi-square test to assess the relationship between TTIs serological positivity and donor characteristics. The donors were divided into pre-COVID-19 (2018–2019) and during COVID-19 (2020–2022) groups to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19. The study found that HBV had the highest overall prevalence at 243 per hundred thousand (pht), followed by syphilis (118 pht), HCV (32 pht), and HIV (31 pht) over a five-year period of study. After COVID-19, the prevalence of HBV decreased by 21.8%; HCV decreased by 2.1%; HIV increased by 36.4%; and syphilis increased by 9.2%. The socio-demographic characteristics and TTIs prevalence were significantly altered over time. This study provides insights into blood donor characteristics and TTIs prevalence in southern Thailand, highlighting the understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the spread of TTIs.

A cross sectional study on seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors at tertiary care hospital

Background: Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) are the major problem associated with blood transfusions, and accurate projections of TTI risk are essential for tracking the safety of the blood supply. This research recognized the seroprevalence trends and shifting patterns of TTIs, in a multispecialty hospital. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of TTI infections among blood donors and to compare the changing seroprevalence trends in blood donors. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2022 at KIMS Blood Centre, Secunderabad, India. All donors reporting to the blood centre during the period were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 & 2, hepatitis C viruses, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), total hepatitis B core antibody (aHBC) and hepatitis B surface antibody (aHBs), malaria and syphilis. Screening of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses were done by chemilumiencies, while syphilis and malaria were screened by RPR method. Results: A total of 69741 voluntary blood donors were screened, of which 68857 were males and 1083 were females. Seropositivity of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C viruses, malaria, syphilis were 0.36 %, 0.59%, 0.48%,0.01% and 0.07% respectively. Addition tests were aHBC and aHBs which showed among all the potential donors, the most common TTI prevalence at our centre was hepatitis B followed by HCV, HIV, syphilis and malaria. Conclusion: Public awareness, careful donor selection, vigilance, and adoption of newer techniques for early detection are needed to reduce the incidence of TTIs. Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus; HIV; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; seroprevalence; transfusion transmitted infections

Is tattooing associated with increased seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors: A single-center study from Southeastern India

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The regulations in India mandate a blanket deferral period of 12 months for donors from the time of acquiring a tattoo. The rationale is that using nonsterile needles, the same dyes for many persons, and other unhygienic practices result in the transmission of blood-borne infections. However, currently, autoclavable tattoo equipment, professional tattoo gun, single-use dye, and needle for tattooing have come up and are known to be devoid of the risks mentioned above. Hence, this study was designed to assess if the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among tattooed blood donors was higher than in other nontattooed donors. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at the tertiary care teaching hospital in Pondicherry from September 2017 to May 2019. The study group included blood donors in the age group of 18–60 years with one or more tattoos, and the control group was chosen among blood donors of the same age without a tattoo. The sampling technique was consecutive. The serological prevalence of the two groups was compared for HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Syphilis, and Malaria. RESULTS: A total of 368 donors were recruited for the study, 184 donors with tattoos and 184 donors without a tattoo. The detected seroprevalence of TTI among the tattooed and nontattooed groups was 3.8% and 4.3%, respectively. There was no significant association found between tattooing and seroprevalence of TTI. About 60% of the ones who got a tattoo had obtained it from a licensed tattoo parlor. CONCLUSION: We found that the seroprevalence of TTI among tattooed donors was similar to that of nontattooed donors. However, the seroprevalence among donors who had undergone more than one tattooing experience was higher than those who had a single tattooing event.

Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Hospitalized Patients before Transfusion in Jinling Hospital Nanjing University: A Three-Year Retrospective Study.

Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and treponema pallidum (TP), must be detected before blood transfusion. However, few studies have been conducted on the prevalence and accuracy of positive results in hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the real seroprevalence of TTIs among patients before blood transfusion and analyze the characteristics of false-positive results in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, China. TTI results were collected from medical records and analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, we also used confirmatory assays to verify the accuracy of positive results. The overall prevalence of TTI was 8.96%, which was related to gender and age. The real positive rates were 86.67% (HBV), 35.09% (HCV), 20.75% (HIV), and 100% (TP). Our results also showed that high-speed centrifugation can reduce the false-positive rate of HBsAg. In summary, the results demonstrated that the positive rates of TTIs in hospitalized patients are higher than those in the general population. We also confirmed the existence of false-positive results in serological screening for TTIs. The method of processing specimens through high-speed centrifugation could reduce the false-positive results of detecting antigens effectively.

Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry

Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry

Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections among Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors at the Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Introduction Blood transfusion is linked to several risks, most notably the transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. The risk posed by these blood-borne infectious agents is high in developing countries, including Pakistan. This fact stresses the need for regular surveillance of TTIs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of TTIs at a regional blood center. Material and Methods This was a retrospective 4-year descriptive study undertaken at the Regional Blood Centre in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, on the blood donor data from June 2016 to May 2020. A total of 41,817 donors donated blood during the study period and were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. To ensure donor privacy, donors were identified via codes and no personal information was available. The data were extracted from the ZAAVIA blood transfusion information system database. Results The study included a total of 41,817 donors—41,493 (99.22%) males and 324 (0.78%) females. Of them, 22,343 (53.43%) were voluntary donors while 19,474 (46.57%) were replacement donors. An overall TTI prevalence rate of 4.61% was found. The TTI prevalence rate in voluntary donors was 3.90% while 5.42% in replacement donors. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria was 1.95, 1.38, 0.23, 0.91, and 0.14%, respectively. Conclusion The current study documented a high prevalence (1,929 out of 41,817, 4.61%) of TTIs, especially in replacement donors (1,057 out of 19,474, 5.42%), and low participation of female donors. The recommendations include the promotion of voluntary blood donors, enrolment of female blood donors, and screening of donated blood through highly sensitive screening assay (i.e., nucleic acid testing).

Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in a newly established medical college of Eastern India

INTRODUCTION: Blood transfusion is essential for saving lives in millions of patients. However, blood transfusion also carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) if not properly screened.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : To study the seroprevalence of TTI among blood donors in a blood bank with special emphasis on hepatitis B and hepatitis C.MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective descriptive study for 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020. Data of all blood donors both voluntary and involuntary were analyzed to find out seroprevalence of TTIs.RESULTS: Total 43775 donors were screened, and their data were analyzed. Out of these, total 182 (0.42%) donors were found to be seropositive for TTIs. Most of the donors were positive for hepatitis B (n = 122, 0.28%) and hepatitis C (n = 51; 0.12%); however, no donor was found to be positive for malaria.CONCLUSION: In this study, we found a low prevalence rate of TTIs among blood donors. It may be due to effective screening and selection of donors as well as awareness among general public. Strict screening and regular testing are essential to keep blood transfusion safe and free from TTIs.

Nucleic acid amplification test: Bridging the gap in blood safety & re-evaluation of blood screening for cryptic transfusion-transmitted infection among Indian donors.

Background & objectives:Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) in blood donor screening not only detects window period (WP) donors but also those with chronic occult infections which are negative by routine serological screening. This study was conducted to determine the time trend of NAT positivity and seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) through a period of six years and evaluate the strength of NAT as a supplementary test in identifying the cryptic carriers in blood donor population.Methods:A total of 1,01,411 blood donations were screened between January 2011 and December 2016 by the ELISA and individual donor (ID) NAT Procleix Ultrio Plus Assay. Additional molecular and serological assays were done on the NAT yield samples to differentiate the type of cryptic carriers.Results:NAT yields comprised 0.05 per cent (50/101411) of the total samples tested with a yield rate of 1/2028. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributed to 80 per cent of the total NAT yields and the rest 20 per cent due to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Majority of HBV NAT yields (75%) were from chronic occult donors and 25 per cent were WP donors. Both HBV and HCV NAT yields had a wide range of viral count. There was no HIV NAT yield. A significant decline in the prevalence rate of TTIs through the study period of six years was observed.Interpretation & conclusions:The cryptic infections found in blood donors increase the risk of TTIs. Blood screening by both serology and NAT can reduce this threat.

Hepatitis C Virus: Unnoticed and on the Rise in Blood Donor Screening? A 5 Years Cross-sectional Study on Seroprevalence in Voluntary Blood Donors from Central India.

Context:The ultimate goal of a blood transfusion service is the provision of safe and adequate supply free from transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). TTIs not only threaten the recipient's safety, but they also increase disease burden. Seroprevalence of TTIs in healthy blood donors indirectly reflects the prevalence of these infections in the general healthy population.Aim and Objectives:To study the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in healthy donors at a tertiary care hospital-based blood bank. To know the yearly and age-group prevalence of these TTIs as compared with other studies across India.Settings and Design:This is 5 years observational cross-section study conducted in a tertiary hospital-based teaching institute of Central India (Malwa region).Materials and Methods:The results of serological testing of TTIs and donor variables were analyzed during 2011–2015.Statistical Analysis Used:Chi-square test and Chi-square for trend analysis on TTIs prevalence.Results:A total of 58,998 donors were screened for TTIs with dominance of male donation (99.7%). The overall cumulative seroprevalence was 1.14% in our study. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV was 0.09%, 0.98%, and 0.07%, respectively. We found a statistically significant increasing trend for HCV seropositivity during the study.Conclusion:Our study reflects an increasing trend of HCV seroprevalence over time. Thus, efforts are needed to increase the awareness and to educate the population in reducing risk factors for HCV infection.

Spectrum of Transfusion Transmitted Infections Among Apparently Healthy Blood Donors in Blood Bank RIMS Ranchi From 2008 to 2014

Context: Apparently healthy blood donors might carry out transfusion transmitted infections which might be fatal for the donor himself as well as the recipient later on.Aim: To assess the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) among apparently healthy blood donors in Ranchi, India.Methods and Materials: All blood samples were screened for HIV-I and II, HBsAg, HCV (by using third generation enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay technique), Syphilis (by Rapid Plasma Reagin Kit), and Malaria antigen both for plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax (by One step, rapid, immunochromatographic test).Result: On screening of 106,306 blood units for TTIs, 1,462 (1.37 %) donors were found positive for one of the TTIs. Highest prevalence was for HBV (970 donors - 0.91%) ranging from 0.73% to 1.19%. This was followed by Malaria (272 donors - 0.25%) ranging from 0.08% to 0.48%, HCV (127 donors - 0.11%) ranging from 0.04% to 0.25%, HIV (72 donors - 0.06%) ranging from 0.03% to 0.10%, and syphilis (21 donors 0.01%) ranging from 0.00% to 0.09%.Conclusions: Apparently healthy blood donors are not omitted from the danger of transfusion-transmitted infection.