Seroprevalence Of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Research Articles

Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle from Karamoja region, North-eastern Uganda

BackgroundContagious bovine pleuropneumonia [CBPP] is a transboundary animal disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides [Mmm]. CBPP causes severe economic losses to livestock producers in sub-Saharan Africa mainly due to high mortality, morbidity, reduction in productivity as well as livestock trade restrictions. This study aimed at determining seroprevalence of Mmm in cattle from Karamoja region, north-eastern Uganda; data that are required to design and implement risk based CBPP control program.MethodsWe randomly collected blood samples from 2,300 cattle spread across Karamoja region. Serum was extracted and screened for antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides [Mmm] using the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [cELISA].ResultsA quarter [25.4%; 95% CI: 23.7–27.3] of the screened cattle [n = 2,300] were sero-positive for Mmm. Amudat and Kaabong districts recorded the lowest [12.3%] and highest [30.7%] Mmm seroprevalence respectively. Increasing age, overnight stay in cattle kraals and location [certain districts, villages, herds and sub counties] of the cattle herds, the factors that promote animal commingling, were the most significant risk factors of seroconversion with Mmm.ConclusionResults from this study indicated a higher seroprevalence of Mmm in Karamoja region cattle herds. This could be due to the increased frequency of CBPP outbreaks in recent years. To be effective, CBPP vaccination programs should target high risk herds along the international borders and other hotspot areas [e.g., parishes or sub counties] where cattle commingling is high.

Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in dryland of Borana, southern Oromia, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is one of the largest African countries where livestock farming represent a relevant resource for the economy and the livelihood of the population. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is among the transboundaries animal disease that is hindering cattle farming in Ethiopia. Due to the limited resources of veterinary services, disease control and surveillance is discontinuous and occasional field investigations of target areas contribute to depict disease spreading in the country. The study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence, at herd and animal level, and identify the risk factors involved in CBPP diffusion and persistence in the Borana pastoral zone. A total of 498 serum samples were collected from 120 cattle herds and tested using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA). Of 120 herds sampled, 37 (30.83%; (95% CI = 22.73–39.91%) were tested positive to CBPP antibody. Out of 498 sera samples tested 46 (9.24%; 95% CI = 6.84–12.13%) were positive. The highest prevalence was observed in Teltele (12/95; 12.90%; 95% CI = 6.7–21%) followed by Yabello (12/104; 11.54%; 95% CI = 6.1–19.3%) and Arero (10/91; 10.99%; 95% CI = 95% CI = 5.4–19.3%), whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in Gomole (5/101; 6.42%; 95% CI = 1.6–11.2%) and Dubluk (7/109; 4.95%; 95% CI = 2.6–12.8%) districts and statistically not significant (p > 0.05). Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, age, herd movement and herd size of the animals had statistically significant effect on sero-positivity to CBPP (p < 0.05). Sex, season and body condition were not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with the occurrence of CBPP. The study confirms that CBPP is persistent in the territory and remain as a major problem that affects health and productivity of cattle. Therefore, awareness creation to the pastoralists in the study area about the effect of CBPP and designing appropriate control methods has a paramount importance to improve the health and productivity of cattle production in the area.

Sero-epidemiology of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in the Bench-Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in cattle that affects close to 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, it is one of the major diseases causing reduced cattle productivity and lower performance, particularly in the pastoral areas, and poses a threat to the livestock export market. A cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the seroprevalence and assessing the associated risk factors of CBPP was conducted between December 2018 and May 2019. For this purpose, a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire survey and a serological analysis of serum samples from 715 cattle were carried out in three districts selected from the Bench-Maji Zone. The sera were tested with a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Accordingly, a total of 162 (22.7%) cattle were tested seropositive. The seroprevalence was 32.3% in Meanitshasha, 19.2% in South Bench, and 2.8% in the Shey Bench district. The study found that breed, district (agro-ecology), and history of the CBPP outbreak were the risk factors for CBPP seropositivity identified by a generalized linear mixed model. The seroprevalence of CBPP was significantly higher in crossbred cattle (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) = 4.5; p &lt;0.001), cattle from the Meanitshasha (lowland) district (APR = 13.9; p &lt;0.001), from South Bench (midland) district (APR = 6.9; p = 0.001) and herds with a history of CBPP outbreaks (APR = 1.4; p = 0.009). The seroprevalence found in the present study indicates that CBPP is a common threat to cattle production in the Bench Maji zone. Therefore, all actors involved in the livestock sector should work together to achieve the successful implementation of strategies to control the disease. It is also important to note that a well-coordinated approach should be addressed with an effective vaccination campaign to prevent the further spread of the disease and lower the prevalence of the disease in the area.

Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three selected south-eastern states of Nigeria

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is a trans-boundary animal disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in three selected south eastern states (Anambra, Enugu and Imo) of Nigeria using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). A total of 438 bovine sera samples were collected randomly for four months (December 2019 to March 2020) and screened for antibodies to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) using IDEXX CBPP antibody ELISA kit (CIRAD, France). Results showed an overall prevalence of 59.4% for the three states screened. Antibodies to Mmm were detected in all the three states. Enugu state had the highest prevalence (64.3%) followed by Imo state (63%) and Anambra state (50.7%). Female animals had higher prevalence of CBPP than male. However, it was not statistically significant (P&gt; 0.05). This study confirms the presence of CBPP in south eastern Nigeria, and could be used as a base line data for future studies in this region. It is recommended that active surveillance and vaccination protocol should be undertaken in the region for the control and prevention of this disease.&#x0D; Keywords: c-ELISA, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma , Nigeria, Seroprevalence

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors in Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) remains a huge threat to cattle production in sub Saharan African countries in general and in Ethiopia in particular. A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2017 and June, 2018 to estimate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CBPP in the Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State. The study was conducted on 384 cattle with no history of vaccination against CBPP, using systematic random sampling technique. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each animal and tested by competitive ELISA. Information on risk factors influencing the occurrence of CBPP was collected using questionnaire survey. Data obtained from both serological and questionnaire surveys were analyzed by using SPSS software version 20. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of exposure variables with anti-mycoplasma mycoides subspecies small colony antibodies. The results indicated that, the overall seroprevalence of CBPP at individual animal-level and herd-level was 8.6% and 26.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association in the sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MMmsSC) antibody (P&lt; 0.05) with the poor body condition score, origin of animals (purchasing from outside of herd) and previous history of CBPP disease at individual animal and large herd size at herd level. This study showed that the overall prevalence of CBPP in study area was high. This warrants the implementation of appropriate preventive and control practice.&#x0D; Keywords: Boneya Boshe, Bovine, CBPP, c-ELISA, Ethiopia, Gudeya Bila, Sero-prevalence

English

The aim of the study was to establish the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) among cattle and small ruminants received at abattoirs in Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 643 blood samples were taken from 324 cattle and 319 sheep and goats. These samples were screened for CBPP and CCPP using rapid latex agglutination tests. The majority were from the north of Nigeria. Sera from cattle were screened for the causative mycoplasma of CBPP, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) and small ruminants were screened for the presence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), the cause of CCPP, using specific latex agglutination tests. Clinical signs including specific clinical signs associated with CBPP were also assessed. A prevalence rate of just over 56% was recorded for CBPP. In all, 22 of 324 cattle showed clinical signs but only 10 showed specific clinical signs associated with CBPP infection such as dyspnoea, nasal discharge and cough. A CCPP prevalence rate of about 33% was found among the small ruminants. In total, 52 of 319 small ruminants showed clinical signs of disease but only 22 of these were associated with seropositivity.&nbsp; The high seroprevalence of CBPP and CCPP in this study is suggestive of extensive CBPP and CCPP infection in Ilorin, Nigeria. &nbsp; Key words: Abattoir survey, Nigeria, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), seroprevalence.

Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle of Punjab, Pakistan and assessment of risk factors

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an important infectious disease of respiratory system of cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. A cross sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Kasur and Jhang districts of Punjab to determine the prevalence of CBPP. A total of 560 serum samples were examined for the specific antibodies against M. mycoides subspecies mycoides, using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associated risk factors that were evaluated include age, gender and breed. In this study, the overall seroprevalence was 8.75%. The seroprevalence of CBPP in Lahore, Kasur and Jhang were 8.26, 8.20 and 10.06%, respectively, but no significance difference (P less than 0.05) was observed. Among the assessed potential predisposing factors, gender and breed were not significantly associated with the serological status of the animal (P greater than 0.05), in which the age affected significantly the positivity to CBPP (P less than 0.05). The highest seropositivity was observed in animals of more than 7 years of age (32.08%) followed by in 4-7 years of age (8.16%) and lowest in animals of less than 4 years old (0.79%). This study confirms the presence of CBPP in the state which could be a threat to livestock export market and warrants the implementation of control measures to mitigate the economic losses associated with the disease.

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors in Gimbo District, Southwest Ethiopia.

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious disease of cattle which is one of the great plagues which continues to devastate the cattle herds on which so many people are dependent in Africa. Cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to August 2016 to determine the seroprevalence of CBPP in cattle and associated risk factors in Gimbo district, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 384 serum samples were collected and tested for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSC), using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association between risk factors and seroprevalence of CBPP. An overall seroprevalence of CBPP was 8.1% (31/384) and it was ranging from 0% to 20% across different Peasant associations (PAs). The seroprevalence of CBPP among adult animals was 8.5% (25) and in young 6.6% (6), in good body condition animals 6.6% (18) and in poor 11.5% (13), in dry season 11.9% (20) and in rainy 5.1% (11), and in highland altitude 2.5% (3), midland 3.8% (5), and lowland 17.4% (23). Among the potential predisposing factors assessed, altitude was found significantly (p = 0.02, OR = 7.3) associated with the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and other risk factors had no significant (P > 0.05) influence. The present study showed that the overall seroprevalence of CBPP in Gimbo district was high and this indicates a need for intervening and implementing control measures to prevent further spread of the disease in the district through the use of better and coordinated vaccination program.

Study on Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Southern Nationand Nationality People of Ethiopia Regional State in Amaro Special District

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 In Amaro special District of SNNP region to determine the seroprevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia (CBPP) and to assess the potential risk factors for the occurrence of thedisease. In this study a total of 400 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides sub species mycoides small colony type by using competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Asssay (c-ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of CBPP in this study was 127/400 (31.8%). The seroprevalence of CBPP at peasant association level was 7%, 28%, 34% and 58% in Jello, Kele, Golbe and Gamule PA’s respectively. There is Statistically significant Variation (P&lt;0.05) between seroprevalence result of the disease and peasant associations(X2 =60.95, P=0.000), body condition(X2 =10.645, P=0.005) and herd size(X2=14.972,P=0.001) were recorded. However other risk factors such as age and sex were not significantly associated (P&gt;0.05) with the sero status of the animal. The major risk factors identified during this study were body condition and associated uncontrolled cattle movement. In conclusion the present study indicated that the overall prevalence of CBPP in SNNP region, Amaro special woreda was higher as compared to other research findings. This warrants the need to institute for appropriate preventive and control measures to stop further spread of this economically devastating disease.

Sero-prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in bulls originated from Borena pastoral area of Southern Ethiopia.

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly infectious cattle disease, which is widespread in pastoral areas of Africa, and it imposes a major problem on Ethiopian livestock export market. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 on bulls originated from Borena pastoral area to determine seroprevalence of CBPP. Forty batches of bulls containing 38,187 Borana bulls were tested using c-ELISA. Of the total 40 batches tested for the presence of antibodies, 25 (62.5%) of them contained at least one seropositive bull. From the total of 38,187 bulls tested, 150 (0.4%) bulls were positive. The number of seropositive animals increases as the herd size increases (P < 0.05). Both at herd and individual level, the highest CBPP prevalence was recorded in herd size >1000, and the difference was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was statistically significant (χ (2) = 23.73, df = 9, P = 0.005) difference of CBPP prevalence between months of the year. The present low prevalence of CBPP in the cattle feedlots indicates that the disease is decreasing progressively in Borena pastoral area, this might be associated with the ongoing mass vaccination campaign against economically important livestock diseases in pastoral areas. The decrease in the prevalence of CBPP offered a great opportunity to livestock producers and live animal and meat exporters by improving the demand of Ethiopian livestock on international market. Regular reintroduction of infected cattle from neighboring countries or herds where the disease remains endemic may change the disease dynamics again. Therefore, mass blanket vaccinations coupled with prompt diagnosis, isolation and stamping out of the outbreaks, intensive surveillance, followed by strict cattle movement control should be implemented by concerned parties.

Low Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Bulls Originated from Borena Pastoral Area of Southern Ethiopia

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly infectious cattle disease, which is widespread in pastoral areas of Africa and it is a major problem for Ethiopian livestock. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 on bulls’ originated from Borena pastoral area to determine seroprevalence of CBPP. Of the total 40 batches tested for the presence of antibodies using c-ELISA, 25(62.5%) of them contained at least one seropositive bull. From the total of 38,187 bulls tested, 150 (0.4%) bulls were found positive. There was statistically significant (χ2=63.45, df= 9, p=0.000) difference in the occurrence of CBPP among the 10 sites of feedlots operation at individual animal level. In both at herd and individual level, the highest CBPP prevalence was recorded in herd size >1000, and the difference was found statistically significant (P<0.05). There was statistically significant (χ2=23.73, df=9, p= 0.005) difference of CBPP prevalence between months of the year. The present low prevalence CBPP in the cattle feedlots indicate the disease is decreasing progressively in Borena pastoral area. This offered a great opportunity to livestock producers through live animal and meat export. Prompt diagnosis, isolation and stamping out of the outbreaks, intensive surveillance, followed by strict cattle movement control should be implemented by Ethiopian Veterinary Services to eradicate the disease.

Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia at export quarantine centers in and around Adama, Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was undertaken from October 2010 to March 2011 to determine the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and its related risk factors in export quarantine centers. A total of 3,111 cattle sera were collected from different export quarantine farms located in and around Adama, namely, Bekero, Jogo, Kedir, and Dera farms, and tested for the presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colonies antibody using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Of the total 3,111 cattle sera examined, 124 (4 %) were found positive for CBPP. Among the potential predisposing factors assessed, origin, transportation condition, confinement level, and stay time of the animals in quarantine center were not found significantly (P > 0.05) associated with the occurrence of the disease. Whereas age was found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the occurrence of the disease in which a high seroprevalence was recorded in aged (9.5 %) animals than young (3 %). Generally, this study showed that CBPP is a threat for Ethiopian livestock export market and a well established disease in Borana and Bale areas, where the animals originated.

Sero-prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and its potential risk factors in selected sites of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides small colonies and it is one of the most important threats to cattle health and production in Ethiopia, such as at livestock farm of Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC) an outbreak of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia occurred in May, 2011 and many animals were affected and died before the disease was identified. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in the selected districts of Western Oromia Zones as well as to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Therefore, a cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in three selected districts from three Western Oromia Zones. A total of 386 sera were examined for the presence of specific antibodies of the disease by using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In this study, districts, peasant associations, age, sex, breed and body conditions were considered as risk factors. Thus, the overall seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in this study was 28.5%. The seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia at districts level were 40.3%, 19.0 % and 5.7 % in Gobbu-Sayyo, Bako-Tibbe and Horro district, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation (p &lt; 0.05) in prevalence of the disease among the districts. However, age, sex, breed and body condition were not significant (p &gt; 0.05) with the serostatus of the animal. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the overall prevalence of CBPP in Western Oromia Zones was high, This warrants the need of the institute to follow appropriate preventive and control measures to stop further spread of the disease and appropriate controlling and prevention should be designed in general as a country level and further study should be done in the future to know the temporal pattern of the disease.Keywords: Seroprevalence, CBPP, Risk factors, cELISA, Western OromiaZones, Ethiopia