Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research Articles

Model reference adaptive control of a series–parallel hybrid electric vehicle during mode shift

Mode shift, as an essential transient state of series–parallel hybrid electric vehicle, might generate torque variation and intensive vehicle jerk due to the discontinuity and nonlinearity of dynam...

RETRACTED: Energy control strategy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on pattern recognition

The article researches on the energy control strategy of the series-parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on pattern recognition. First, after the dynamic analysis and energy flow directions of the planetary gears, according to the theory of leverage simulation, working conditions of power components are analyzed under various operating models. Second, static parameters and control rules are, respectively, designed under the charge-depleting and charge-sustaining models, and flow charts of the vehicle energy control are established. Third, the switch controller of energy control and charge-depleting/charge-sustaining models are designed by the MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the whole vehicle simulation model is established and simulated by the Advisor software. Results show that the designed energy control model can effectively improve the fuel economy performance of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle under the premise of ensuring dynamic performance indexes.

Research on System Analysis and Control Strategy of Electrical Brake in A Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Research on System Analysis and Control Strategy of Electrical Brake in A Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Comparative Analysis on the Rule-based Control Strategy of Two Typical Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain

Abstract Series-Parallel Hybrid ElectricVehicle (HEV) has well applied in practice due to its significant advantages, this paper aimed at two different kind of Series-Parallel HEV configurations: Power Split and Mode Switching configuration, comparing their control strategies, set model and simulate to verify, obtain features and applications of two configurations. The simulation results show that the power split configuration does better in protecting battery and reducing urban fuel consumption, while mode switching configuration has simpler structure.

Engine torque command handling for a series hybrid electric bus

The series hybrid electric vehicle makes it easier to have fully independent controls for the engine–generator unit and for the traction motors; this is not feasible in parallel hybrid electric vehicles or series–parallel hybrid electric vehicles. The existing research does not consider this feature. Therefore, a novel control method called engine torque command handling is developed in this study and is added to the optimal energy management strategy, namely dynamic programming; this makes the most of the inertia of the engine–generator unit. The hidden fuel economy improvement factor, as demonstrated by the the difference between the command and the behaviour, can then be found. As a result, a considerable improvement in the fuel economy with straightforward but powerful concepts, such as modification of the engine operating points and the on–off period, is developed in the series hybrid electric bus. The simulation is evaluated by AMEsim–Simulink co-simulation with the well-known urban bus test profiles: the Manhattan cycle, the Braunschweig cycle and the Orange County cycle. The results show the significant potential for reduction in the energy consumption without changing the components or the structure of the vehicle system. This method can be applied to any type of vehicle that allows independent engine power generation without interruption.

A novel simplified model for torsional vibration analysis of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle

In this study, based on our previous work, a novel simplified torsional vibration dynamic model is established to study the torsional vibration characteristics of a compound planetary hybrid propulsion system. The main frequencies of the hybrid driveline are determined. In contrast to vibration characteristics of the previous 16-degree of freedom model, the simplified model can be used to accurately describe the low-frequency vibration property of this hybrid powertrain. This study provides a basis for further vibration control of the hybrid powertrain during the process of engine start/stop.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Robust Mode Transition Control for a Series–Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

For series–parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), problems of driveability are significant and difficult to solve due to clutch engagement during mode transitions. In this paper, a robust controller was designed for a series–parallel HEV to reduce vehicle jerk during mode transitions and improve vehicle driveability. First, a linear dynamic system model of the controlled plant was obtained for robust control design. Then, the robust controller was designed based on the mu-synthesis method and solved using the discrete $D-K$ iteration; parameter uncertainties in the system model were considered in the design process to ensure the robustness of the control system. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation was performed to verify the proposed controller. The HIL platform was composed of a dynamometer-simulated engine, a real transmission, a virtual electric machine, and a virtual vehicle, which was constructed based on the nonlinear dynamics of tires, road, and vehicle body. The HIL simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed robust mode transition control.

Development of an Educational Small-Scale Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Setup

In this paper, the development of an educational small-scale hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) system is discussed. It consists of all the key components of a real HEV that have been scaled down to provide an ideal test platform to evaluate and study hybrid powertrains. The overall configuration is designed to allow the scaled vehicle to emulate the behavior of a series, parallel, or series-parallel HEV, as well as all-electric operation with minor modifications to the powertrain. The developed test bench not only facilitates hands-on experience but can be considered a safe and affordable solution to providing practical aspects of education in the field of electric and hybrid vehicle technology. Considering the potential of such clean transportation alternatives and their continuous growth, the learning experience obtained using the developed test bench will prove invaluable in preparing next generation professionals for further advancement of this field.

A novel fuzzy-logic based control strategy for a semi-active battery/super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system in vehicular applications

A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of a battery and super-capacitor (SC) can make full use of advantages in energy and power density, which can further improve the performance of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Most studies have been limited to configuration and control to reduce the burden and prolong the life cycle of the battery, seldom focusing on the redesign of energy management strategies (EMS) for HEVs when passing from battery-only energy storage to HESS. In this paper, the equivalent fuel consumption during parallel-charging of a semi-active HESS in a series-parallel HEV under rule-based EMS was deduced, and a fuzzy-logic based (FLB) CS for the HESS was established using the state of energy (SOE) of the battery and SC as inputs. This allows the requirement of energy balance for HESS to be clearly expressed. Furthermore, the regulated EMS for HEV, which could dynamically manage the high efficiency of the engine and maintain the real-time charging/discharging capability of HESS, was proposed and verified under hardware in a loop test (HIL). Quantitative comparison of results between HESS and battery-only indicated that velocity-based SC'SOE-adjustable EMS presented in this paper could make better use of SC in filtering than SOE-constant EMS, and improve the fuel economy of HEVs from 22.76 l/100 km (battery-only) to 21.18 l/100 km. In order to emphasize the advantages of management, the electric energy usage/loss and efficiency under city driving-cycle were also presented.

Advanced Electrical Machines and Machine-Based Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

The paper presents a number of advanced solutions on electric machines and machine-based systems for the powertrain of electric vehicles (EVs). Two types of systems are considered, namely the drive systems designated to the EV propulsion and the power split devices utilized in the popular series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle architecture. After reviewing the main requirements for the electric drive systems, the paper illustrates advanced electric machine topologies, including a stator permanent magnet (stator-PM) motor, a hybrid-excitation motor, a flux memory motor and a redundant motor structure. Then, it illustrates advanced electric drive systems, such as the magnetic-geared in-wheel drive and the integrated starter generator (ISG). Finally, three machine-based implementations of the power split devices are expounded, built up around the dual-rotor PM machine, the dual-stator PM brushless machine and the magnetic-geared dual-rotor machine. As a conclusion, the development trends in the field of electric machines and machine-based systems for EVs are summarized.

Modelling and Simulation Study on a Series-parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) uses internal combustion engine (ICE) and electrical power, so it has the advantages of both ICE vehicle and electrical vehicle (EV) and overcomes their disadvantages. And seriesparallel hybrid is the combination of series and parallel structures, thus it possesses the major features of both and more plentiful operation modes than one of them alone. In this paper, a series-parallel HEV model is built by using Matlab/Simlunk, which constitutes of vehicle longitudinal dynamics model, tire model, an ICE model, battery model, a DC/DC converter model, a motor drive model, a generator drive model, a speed coupling device model (planetary gear mechanism), and a torque coupler device model. Control scheme of HEV is presented. And Simulation results testify the effectiveness of the HEV model.

Energy Management in Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper describes and introduces a nonlinear model for series-parallel Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Required information of driving cycle has been extracted with using Advisor simulation software. Due to optimum power split, we proposed a fuzzy logic compensator that has the duty to split power between energy sources. This compensator help set of planetary gears in order to achieve that goal in accordance to instantaneous power changing. The simulation results of the control strategy, it turns out that our proposed approach raises the efficiency of costs.

Powertrain Simulation Research of Coaxial Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Bus

In order to know the vehicle performance of coaxial series-parallel hybrid electric bus, on the basis of the analysis of the powertrain’s structure and operation mode, the control strategy is made, the simulation system is introduced by the secondary development of Advisor, the simulation result is analyzed and used. Through the analysis of vehicle dynamic performance, fuel economy, SOC value change of super capacitance, and the torque relations of main components, it is known that coaxial series-parallel hybrid electric bus can satisfy the requirements of the city bus’ working condition, and the operation relations between the power components can be mastered, which provides the technical support for the coaxial series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle development.

Application and simulation of dual-mechanical-port machine in hybrid electric vehicles

Summary There are growing interests in electric and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) because of environmental concerns. Recent efforts are directed toward developing an improved propulsion system for electric and HEVs applications. In a conventional series–parallel HEV, a planetary gear is used to integrate the power of internal combustion engine and two electric machines into the drive train so that the engine can always operate with the highest efficiency while the vehicle runs at any desired speed and torque. However, two electric machines and associated power inverters along with a planetary gear make the HEV drive train much more complicated and bulky in size. Dual-mechanical-port electrical machine (DMPM) is a new breed of energy conversion device with more compact and integrated structure that can potentially realize an efficient electrical variable transmission for HEV applications. This machine can replace the planetary gear and two electric machines of conventional structure in order to make their structures much simpler. Applying a proper power management and control strategy to have a good driving performance for a series–parallel HEV based on DMPM are the main contributions of this paper. Because Toyota Prius II (Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., Torrance, CA, USA) is a well-known series–parallel HEV, the parameters of this vehicle are chosen as a practical example in simulation results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Study on Co-Simulation and Experiment of a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle and its controller are more complicated than conventional vehicle,even a series or parallel hybrid electric vehicle. The HEV test platform is built up to get the engine fuel consumption map.The model of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle is established on the platform of the professional simulation software CRUISE,and the controller of the HEV is builded on MATLAB/Simulink.In the end,the results of co-simulation and vehicle experiment verify the validity and feasibility of this method.

Improvement of an EVT-Based HEV Using Dynamic Programming

Automotive engineers and researchers have proposed different topologies for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles (SP-HEVs). The Toyota Hybrid System (THS) is the best known SP-HEV-based vehicle, but alternative solutions, such as electric variable transmission (EVT), have been also proposed. An efficient comparison between these different solutions is a key point to estimate the added value of each topology. This paper presents the application of optimal control to two series-parallel hybrid architectures for efficiency assessment purposes. The dynamic programming method is applied to the THS and to a virtual hybrid vehicle with an EVT. The way to take into account the supplementary degree of freedom provided by the decoupling of the wheels and the engine in both topologies is presented. The optimal fuel consumption is then compared on different driving cycles and brings out an overconsumption of the EVT topology. Then, a parametric study shows that inserting an appropriate gear ratio on the internal-combustion-engine (ICE) shaft can improve the EVT efficiency that becomes close to the THS efficiency.

Design and Control Strategy of a 4WD Hybrid Electric Vehicle with a Two-Speed Transmission

A new-style four-wheeled driving (4WD) series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) plus with a two speed transmission is presented in this paper. The system structure and operation principles are discussed systematically, and then the control strategy is proposed. Control strategy focus on the multi modes switch logic and power distribution. In addition, shifting strategy of the two speed transmission is researched. Simulation results indicate that the presented 4WD HEV can realize nice dynamic property; the presented control strategy is correct and effective.

Study of Thermal Management System for a Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Numerical Simulation

Advanced thermal management system (TMS) has the potential to increase the life of the vehicle’s propulsion, and meanwhile, decrease fuel consumption and pollutant emission. In this paper, an advanced TMS which is suitable for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (SPHEV) is presented. Then a numerical TMS model which can predict the thermal responses of all TMS components and the temperatures of the engine and electric components is developed. By using this model, the thermal response of the TMS over a realistic driving cycle is simulated. The simulation result shows that the TMS can fulfill the heat dissipation requirement of the whole vehicle under different driving conditions. It also demonstrates that a numerical model of TMS for SPHEV is an effective tool to assess design concepts and architectures of the vehicle system during the early stage of system development.

Torque Coordination Control During Mode Transition for a Series–Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Mode transitions are significant events in the operation of series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles (SPHEVs) with a clutch serving as the key enabling actuator element. Due to the friction-induced discontinuity of the clutch torque, seamless transition is difficult to achieve. In this paper, a model reference control (MRC) law is proposed to coordinate the motor torque, engine torque, and clutch torque to manage transitions. The control system is overactuated in the sense that three inputs (i.e., three torques) can be manipulated to control the two outputs (angular speeds of the two sides of the clutch). The effects of using different input combinations are analyzed to exploit the overactuation feature of the system, and performance sensitivities to various design factors are studied. The simulation and experimental results from an SPHEV bus demonstrate that the MRC achieves reduced torque interruption, less vehicle jerk, and smaller frictional losses, compared to the conventional operation method.

PSiM기반의 입력분기방식 하이브리드 자동차의 모드 변환에 따른 동특성 해석

In this paper, the input split type series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (SPHEV) is established and the interpretation of the dynamic characteristics in four kinds of HEV modes, such as electric vehicle mode, engine mode, hybrid mode, and regeneration mode, is described. For this research, the forward-facing approach simulation method is chosen, which is useful for vehicle dynamic analysis. The rating of each powertrain component is designed based on energy-based concept and electrical peaking hybrid (ELPH) method. Finally, the designed powertrain is evaluated with the developed PSiM simulator and simulation results are shown.