Series Of Transcripts Research Articles

Content-Based Image Retrieval using DNA Transcription and Translation.

DNA carries the genetic information of almost all the living beings on the earth. The flow of genetic information takes place by a series of transcription and translation reactions in which the DNA gets converted into amino-acid sequences which determine the phenotype of an organism. This property of DNA has been used in the proposed CBIR technique in which the images are first stored in DNA sequences and then their corresponding amino-acid sequences are extracted which are used to form the feature-vectors. This not only ensures the reduction of the dimension of the feature-vectors but also the preservation of the necessary information. These feature-vectors are then given as input to various classifiers for training and testing purpose. Ensemble learning is then applied to enhance the retrieval efficiency of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is a novel approach that uses the efficiency of DNA-based computing to increase the efficiency of classifiers for image retrieval. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more efficient than the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

Enacting Quality Talk Discussions About Text: From Knowing the Model to Navigating the Dynamics of Dialogic Classroom Culture

AbstractClassroom discussions are regarded by both practitioners and researchers as an essential pedagogical practice for fostering students' high‐level comprehension of text yet cultivating a dialogic classroom culture conducive to supporting students' productive talk can be a delicate undertaking. In this article, using a series of transcripts from one teacher's classroom, we describe how Quality Talk (QT), a teacher‐facilitated discussion approach, can be implemented in ways that promote a shift from a teacher‐controlled to a student‐centered dialogic classroom culture. First, we overview the QT model with particular attention to the instructional framework and underlying principles of QT. We then describe some challenging dynamics that arise when dialogic classroom culture shifts as well as approaches for balancing these opposing forces to effectively support student learning. Finally, we provide some initial thoughts on next steps in classroom discussion practice and research and the importance of centering equity and inclusion in dialogic classroom culture.

Regulation of lncRNA expression.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are series of transcripts with important biological functions. Various diseases have been associated with aberrant expression of lncRNAs and the related dysregulation of mRNAs. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of dynamic lncRNA expression. The chromatin state contributes to the low and specific expression of lncRNAs. The transcription of non-coding RNA genes is regulated by many core transcription factors applied to protein-coding genes. However, specific DNA sequences may allow their unsynchronized transcription with their location-associated mRNAs. Additionally, there are multiple mechanisms involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs. Among these, microRNAs might have indispensible regulatory effects on lncRNAs, based on recent discoveries.

Lingua Franca and its Grammar Footprint: Introducing an Index for Quantifying Grammatical Diversity in Written and Spoken Language*

ABSTRACTThe paper introduces a method to quantify grammar diversity based on part-of-speech tagging (POS) and presents a POS diversity index which can be used for analysing written and spoken communication independently of a text’s length. For this purpose, a series of transcripts of the radio programme Lingua Franca, broadcast by the Australian Broadcast Corporation, are assessed. The radio presenter’s grammatical footprint is compared with the POS index values of the invited guests, and the hypothesis that a significant difference in the grammar structures used by the different speakers is tested for validity using a standard ANOVA calculation. Significantly different POS diversity is found in a comparison between groups of speakers. The index provides for comparative studies of grammar structures used by individual speakers or authors.

Composers' Voices from Ives to Ellington: An Oral History of American Music. By Vivian Perlis and Libby Van Cleve. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

This is the inaugural volume of a series of four designed to give a vivid and rounded sense of the vibrant energy that impelled American twentieth-century music. A must-read for anyone who cares about the foundations of that music, Composers' Voices from Ives to Ellington: An Oral History of American Music contains a series of transcriptions from interviews housed at Yale University in their archives of the oral history of American music (OHAM). These interviews were conducted either directly with those composers—Ives, Eubie Blake, Copland, Gershwin, Cowell, Varèse, Ellington, and others—who collectively shaped our nation's music in the first decades of the twentieth century or with others who knew them firsthand. The latter range from persons we might expect (fellow musicians, family members, and business associates) to those who leap from the page as wonderful surprises—for example, Ives's barber! Rarely have five hundred pages of musicological text contained such richness of information combined with such liveliness of presentation. So candid are these interviews, so electric in rhythm, preserving the “jumpiness” of live speech, that it is hard to put the book down.

The Tumor Necrosis Factor α-dependent Activation of the Human Mediterranean Fever (MEFV) Promoter Is Mediated by a Synergistic Interaction between C/EBPβ and NFκB p65

MEFV is a gene expressed specifically in myeloid cells and whose mutations underlie an autosomal recessive auto-inflammatory disease, called familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), characterized by recurrent episodes of serosal inflammation. This gene, which encodes a protein with unclear physiological functions, has been shown to be up-regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). However, the mechanism of this regulation is unknown, and the MEFV promoter is still to be characterized. Here, we show that 243 bp of the 5'-flanking region of the human MEFV gene are sufficient to direct high level expression of MEFV in TNFalpha-treated cells. The TNFalpha-induced expression of MEFV is dependent on both NFkappaB p65 and C/EBPbeta that bind to evolutionarily conserved sites located, in the human promoter, at positions -163 and -55, respectively. As shown by a series of transcription and gel shift assays performed with wild-type and mutated promoter sequences, these two transcription factors act differently on the TNFalpha-dependent transcription of MEFV: C/EBPbeta is the key regulatory factor required to confer cell responsiveness to TNFalpha, whereas NFkappaB p65 increases this response by means of a synergistic interaction with C/EBPbeta that is dependent on the integrity of the identified -55 C/EBP binding site. Given the phenotype of patients with FMF, this C/EBP-NFkappaB interaction may represent a key step in the control of an inflammatory response that is abnormally high in this disease. These data, which shed novel light on the pathophysiology of FMF, represent an unusual example of cross-talk between C/EBP and NFkappaB pathways in TNFalpha signaling.

Regulation of alpha1,3galactosyltransferase expression in pig endothelial cells. Implications for xenotransplantation.

The disaccharide galactose(alpha)1,3 galactose (the alphaGal epitope) is the major xenoantigen responsible for the hyperacute vascular rejection occurring in pig-to-primates organ transplantation. The synthesis of the alphaGal epitope is catalyzed by the enzyme alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GalT). To be able to control porcine alpha1,3GalT gene expression specifically, we have analyzed the upstream portion of the alpha1,3GalT gene, and identified the regulatory sequences. Porcine alpha1,3GalT transcripts were detected by 5' RACE analysis, and the corresponding genomic sequences were isolated from a phage library. The porcine alpha1,3GalT gene consists of at least 10 different exons, four of which contain 5' untranslated sequence. Four distinct promoters, termed A-D, drive alpha1,3GalT gene transcription in porcine cells. A combination of alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing produces a series of transcripts that differ in their 5' portion, but encode the same protein. Promoters A-C have been isolated, and functionally characterized using luciferase reporter gene assays in transfected porcine endothelial cells (PEC-A). Promoter preference in porcine endothelial cells was estimated on the basis of relative transcript levels as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. More than 90% of the alpha1,3GalT transcripts in PEC-A cells originate from promoter B, which has characteristics of a housekeeping gene promoter. While promoter preference remains unchanged, alpha1,3GalT mRNA levels increase by 50% in 12 h upon tumour necrosis factor alpha-activation of PEC-A cells. However, the magnitude of this change induced by inflammatory conditions could be insufficient to affect cell surface alpha1,3-galactosylation.

A REVIEW OF FIRST COURSE IN APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS BY PAUL CHANCE

Brooks/Cole Publishing has provided instructors with a creative option in the pursuit for innovative yet accurate introductory texts. Chance’s First Course in Applied Behavior Analysis is a notable attempt to provide readings that are thorough, informative, and interesting for beginning students. The text assumes no prior educational experiences in psychology or behavior analysis. The text is unambiguous and extremely easy to read while introducing the basic principles and procedures of applied behavior analysis. The majority of the text is written as a series of transcripts from a one-semester simulated classroom. These transcripts include questions, answers, and amusingly, interpretations from the students. The fictional characters provide the reader with opportunities to think critically and interact with the material, particularly when a character answers incompletely or incorrectly. The fictional professor (Dr. Cee) writes definitions on the board, provides examples of behavioral principles, gives handouts, and even assigns practice quizzes. The style is vaguely reminiscent of the instructor–student interactions found in Malott, Whaley, and Malott (1997). Each chapter begins with a brief summary of the previous chapter and ends with a review of the material in the current chapter. At the end of each chapter the reader finds supplements including exercises, abbreviated research article reprints (many of which are classics), mini essays, recommended further

Dissection of immediate-early gene promoters from herpes simplex virus: sequences that respond to the virus transcriptional activators.

The immediate-early promoters of herpes simplex virus give rise to the first series of transcripts after infection. These promoters are composed of compound sequence elements that govern basal level and regulated transcription. The response of three core (truncated) promoters from the herpes simplex virus type 1 IE-4, IE-0, and IE-27 genes to a battery of virus-encoded trans-acting proteins was examined in a short-term transient expression assay system. The results of this study reveal (i) a role for a sequence, 5'---GGGGG---3', flanked by 3 to 5 base pairs of symmetry (the G box), which is present in the upstream region of all immediate-early gene promoters, (ii) a requirement for the consensus sequence protected by ICP4 for autoregulation by this immediate-early gene product, and (iii) an alternative, sequence-independent mechanism for the augmentation of alpha gene expression by the virion-associated transcriptional activator Vmw65, now designated as TIF.

Expression of the split gene COB in yeast mtDNA

Electrophoretic separation of mitochondrial RNA followed by hybridization with restriction fragments of mtDNA has been used to identify transcripts of the split gen COB which codes for apocytochrome b.In wild type a major transcript of 18S is detected besides a 10S RNA and a series of transcripts with electrophoretic mobilities higher than 18S. Mutations in coding sequences do not significantly alter this transcript pattern. In contrast, mutations in intervening sequences give rise to different patterns: The 18S RNA, the putative messenger for apocytochrome b, is lacking; depending on the intervening sequence affected by mutation, one or the other of the larger transcripts (23S, 24S, 32S, 34S) is accumulated instead. In most mutants a 10S RNA species is present; it has not been detected, however, in case of a small cluster of mutations which lead to the accumulation of the largest transcript (34S) observed, which most likely contains all coding and intervening sequences of the split gene COB.These results suggest a pathway of splicing.

The Recital Series of Transcriptions for the Organ

The Recital Series of Transcriptions for the Organ