Series Of Reviews Research Articles

Designing a behaviour change intervention to address the behavioural risk factors for stillbirth: A study protocol

Introduction Stillbirth is a devastating outcome that, in some cases, has the potential to be prevented by addressing some of its modifiable risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, high maternal weight, lack of attendance to antenatal care, and sleep position. The aim of this study will be to design a behaviour change intervention focusing on the behavioural risk factors for stillbirth and based on the COM-B model and the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) systematic framework. Methods The first stage of the BCW framework involves understanding the target behaviour and defining the problem in behavioural terms. The second stage involves identifying intervention options, including intervention functions and policy categories. Finally, the third stage involves identifying content and implementation options, including behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and the mode of delivery. We will use multiple studies already conducted in our research team to inform the different stages of the BCW framework, these include a series of systematic reviews of the literature, qualitative interviews with pregnant women, and a survey study with healthcare professionals. Further, we will utilise a stakeholder group to obtain input through the process of the design of the intervention. Discussion This protocol provides a systematic and evidence-based approach to intervention design. The systematic review of the literature, qualitative interviews, and expert consensus workshops will ensure that the intervention design is based on the needs and preferences of pregnant women, healthcare professionals, and stakeholders involved in stillbirth prevention. The proposed intervention could be adapted and implemented in other settings to prevent stillbirth in high-risk populations.

Information and communication integration in smart factory design

Strategic smart factory design is essential to utilize Industry 4.0 technologies in production environments effectively. Although a series of earlier reviews in the context of smart manufacturing have been published, so far none addresses smart factory design, i. e. the planning and operation of smart factories. This review provides an overview of recent research in the field by systematizing opportunities, risks and success factors of smart factory design as available from recent empirical studies (2018-2022). Businesses are informed how smart factory design should be approached and implemented to realize cost advantages and increase competitiveness. Academic research benefits of a classification of relevant issues and open research fields are outlined.

Oral health-related stigma: Describing and defining a ubiquitous phenomenon.

This paper is the fourth of a series of narrative reviews to critically rethink underexplored concepts in oral health research. The series commenced with an initial commissioned framework of Inclusion Oral Health, which spawned further exploration into the social forces that undergird social exclusion and othering. The second review challenged unidimensional interpretations of the causes of inequality by bringing intersectionality theory to oral health. The third exposed how language, specifically labels, can perpetuate and (re)produce vulnerability by eclipsing the agency and power of vulnerabilised populations. In this fourth review, we revisit othering, depicted in the concept of stigma. We specifically define and conceptualize oral health-related stigma, bringing together prior work on stigma to advance the robustness and utility of this theory for oral health research.

Chronic pain outcomes of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy: A systematic review and case series.

The potential benefits of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in chronic pain and several theories for its mechanism have been reported in the past, but mixed findings have also been reported. In the current systematic review and case series, our primary aim was to assess whether pain and functional outcomes are improved after ECT in patients with chronic pain. Secondary objectives included examining whether psychiatric improvement, specific pain diagnoses, and demographic or medical characteristics were associated with differences in pain treatment response. We performed a retrospective chart review to identify patients with chronic pain diagnoses for more than 3 months prior to the initiation of ECT and a systematic literature search on electronic databases for studies on chronic pain outcomes after ECT. Eleven patients with various chronic pain diagnoses and comorbid psychiatric conditions were identified in the case series. Six patients reported improvement in pain while 10 patients reported improvement in mood following ECT. Systematic review identified 22 articles reporting a total of 109 cases. Eighty-five (78%) of cases reported reduction in pain while 96.3% of the patients with a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis reported improvement in mood symptoms post-ECT. While there was an association between improvement in mood and pain in studies with numeric ratings in both outcomes (r = 0.61; p < 0.001), some patients reported pain improvement without improvement in mood in both the case series and the pooled analysis of cases in the review. Certain pain diagnoses such as CRPS, phantom limb pain, neuropathic pain, and low back pain have consistently reported benefits and should be further studied in future studies with matched case controls. ECT may be offered to patients with certain pain conditions who have not responded sufficiently to conventional therapies, particularly when comorbid mood symptoms are present. Improved documentation practices on the outcomes in chronic pain patients receiving ECT will help generate more studies that are needed on this topic.

Pediatric vagal nerve stimulator explantation: A comprehensive literature review and tertiary care experience.

Patients with medically-refractory epilepsy who undergo vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation to reduce seizure burden sometimes require device removal. Complete explantation refers to the removal of both the generator and vagal nerve leads, and is uncommonly performed by otolaryngologists due to the perceived risk associated with lead removal. This comprehensive literature review and case series studies safety outcomes among pediatric patients undergoing complete VNS explantation. Literature review and tertiary care case series. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to identify all articles involving VNS explantation prior to January 2023. A retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing complete VNS explantation from 2009 to 2023at our tertiary center was also conducted. After screening, 36 articles were retained involving 399 patients (139 confirmed children) who underwent complete VNS explantation. 26 patients (6.5%) experienced 1+ peri/post-operative complications. These included temporary VF paresis or dysphonia (n=14; 3.6%), permanent vocal fold (VF) paralysis/paresis (n=6; 1.5%), internal jugular vein injury (n=4; 1.0%), temporary dysphagia (n=2; 0.50%), and cable-bowstring phenomenon (n=1; 0.25%). Data from our tertiary care center revealed eight patients (6M: 2F) with a mean age of 11.4±6.2 years. Devices were removed for clinical ineffectiveness (n=2), infection (n=2), lead failures (n=2), and increased lead impedance (n=2). Mean total length of implantation was 44.4±40.3 months. Mean follow-up was 44.8±35.2 months. No complications were identified. Complete VNS device removal in pediatric patients is technically feasible with low reported complications. Working alongside neurosurgery, otolaryngologists offer unique expertise in dissection along the vagus nerve and may thus add value to the practice of VNS surgery.

P11-064-23 Environmental Elements and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Series of Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies and Meta-Analysis

P11-064-23 Environmental Elements and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Series of Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies and Meta-Analysis

A critical revision of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota) of Ukraine: Erysiphe sect. Microsphaera

The article continues a series of critical reviews of the species composition of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycota) of Ukraine and their distribution within the country. This article deals with species of the section Microsphaera of the genus Erysiphe. These species are distinguished by fruiting bodies that have non-mycelioid appendages with dichotomously branched apices. A list of 36 species of the section Microsphaera recorded in Ukraine with their distribution by regions is provided, as well as a key for their identification. The most common species frequently occurring in many regions of Ukraine are E. alphitoides, E. astragali, E. berberidis, E. divaricata, E. ehrenbergii, E. euonymi, E. ornata var. europaea, E. palczewskii, E. syringae-japonicae, and E. trifoliorum. Other species, such as E. baeumleri, E. elevata, E. euonymicola, E. friesii, E. grossulariae, E. hyperici, E. hypophylla, E. ornata var. ornata, E. penicillata, E. pseudoacaciae, E. robiniae, E. syringae, E. tortilis, E. vanbruntiana, and E. viburni, were recorded less often. Erysiphe azaleae, E. begoniicola, E. corylacearum, E. deutziae, E. gorlenkoi, E. guarinonii, E. magnifica, E. magnusii, E. platani, E. rayssiae, E. russellii, and E. symphoricarpi are known only from some localities. A number of species are invasive fungi mostly recorded in Ukraine relatively recently, within the last hundred years. Of them, E. alphitoides, E. palczewskii, E. syringae-japonicae, and E. vanbruntiana have become common species in Ukraine. Erysiphe azaleae, E. elevata, and E. platani can massively develop in certain regions or localities. The recently registered E. corylacearum is apparently becoming widespread in the Carpathians, E. ravenelii and E. symphoricarpi at present frequently occur in Kyiv. Some species, such as E. begoniicola, E. deutziae, E. euonymicola, E. guarinonii, E. magnifica, and E. russellii, are known from a few localities; however, in Kyiv magnolias are commonly infected by E. magnifica. At the same time, the North American species E. syringae has disappeared in Ukraine since the East Asian fungus E. syringae-japonicae started to spread on lilac. The indigenous fungus E. robiniae has also ceased to occur on Caragana arborescens, being completely replaced by the East Asian species E. palczewskii.

Application of periodontal regeneration strategy by treating both symptoms and primary cause in natural tooth preservation

Teeth with severe periodontitis always have occlusal trauma, local anatomical abnormalities, mucogingival deformities or other factors that aggravate plaque retention or periodontal tissue damage. For these teeth, the author put forward the strategy of treating both symptoms and primary cause. That is, carrying out the periodontal regeneration surgery on the basis of analyzing and removing the primary cause factors. Through literature review and case series analysis, this paper discusses the therapeutic effects of strategy by treating both symptoms and primary cause on teeth with severe periodontitis, in order to provide reference for clinician work.

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): An evidence and gap map.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures. Common recommended measures to limit risk of infection include frequent handwashing, reducing the frequency of social interactions and the use of face coverings. It is important to identify those factors that can predict the uptake and maintenance of these protective behaviours. We aimed to identify and map the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours aimed at reducing the risk of infection or transmission of COVID-19. Our extensive search included electronic databases (n = 12), web searches, conference proceedings, government reports, other repositories including both published peer reviewed, pre-prints and grey literature. The search strategy was built around three concepts of interest including (1) context (terms relating to COVID-19), (2) behaviours of interest and (3) terms related to psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health-Related Behaviours and adherence or compliance with recommended behaviours, to capture both malleable and non-malleable determinants (i.e. determinants that could be changed and those that could not). This Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) includes all types of studies examining determinants of common recommended behaviours aimed at mitigating human-to-human spread of COVID-19. All potential malleable and non-malleable determinants of one or more behaviours are included in the map. As part of the mapping process, categories are used to group determinants. The mapping categories were based on a previous rapid review by Hanratty 2021. These include: 'behaviour', 'cognition', 'demographics', 'disease', 'emotions', 'health status', 'information', 'intervention', and 'knowledge'. Those not suitable for categorisation in any of these groups are included in the map as 'other' determinants. Results were imported to a bibliographic reference manager where duplications of identical studies gathered from multiple sources were removed. Data extraction procedures were managed in EPPI-Reviewer software. Information on study type, population, behaviours measured and determinants measured were extracted. We appraised the methodological quality of systematic reviews with AMSTAR-2. We did not appraise the quality of primary studies in this map. As of 1 June 2022 the EGM includes 1034 records reporting on 860 cross-sectional, 68 longitudinal, 78 qualitative, 25 reviews, 62 interventional, and 39 other studies (e.g., mixed-methods approaches). The map includes studies that measured social distancing (n = 487), masks and face coverings (n = 382), handwashing (n = 308), physical distancing (n = 177), isolation/quarantine (n = 157), respiratory hygiene/etiquette (n = 75), cleaning surfaces (n = 59), and avoiding touching the T-zone (n = 48). There were 333 studies that assessed composite measures of two or more behaviours. The largest cluster of determinants was 'demographics' (n = 730 studies), followed by 'cognition' (n = 496 studies) and determinants categorised as 'other' (n = 447). These included factors such as 'beliefs', 'culture' and 'access to resources'. Less evidence is available for some determinants such as 'interventions' (n = 99 studies), 'information' (n = 101 studies), and 'behaviour' (149 studies). This EGM provides a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers and the public to access the available evidence on the determinants of various COVID-19 health-related behaviours. The map can also be used to help guide research commissioning, by evidence synthesis teams and evidence intermediaries to inform policy during the ongoing pandemic and potential future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other respiratory infections. Evidence included in the map will be explored further through a series of systematic reviews examining the strength of the associations between malleable determinants and the uptake and maintenance of individual protective behaviours.

Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Review and Case Series of Valaciclovir versus Hyperimmune Globulin Therapy.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections in developed countries because is capable of infecting the fetus after both primary and recurrent maternal infection, and because the virus may be spread for years through infected children. Moreover, CMV is the most serious congenital infection associated with severe neurological and sensorineural sequelae, which can occur at birth or develop later on. Hygienic measures can prevent CMV transmission, which mainly involve contact with children under 3 years of age and attending a nursery or daycare. In animal and human pregnancies, many observational and controlled studies have shown that CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG) is safe and can significantly decrease maternal-fetal transmission of CMV infection and, mostly, the occurrence of CMV disease. Recently, valaciclovir at the dosage of 8 g/day was also reported to be capable of decreasing the rates of congenital infection and disease. However, comparing the results of our two recent case series, the infants born to women treated with HIG showed significantly lower rates of CMV DNA positivity in urine (9.7% vs. 75.0%; p < 0.0001) and abnormalities after follow-up (0.0% vs. 41.7%; p < 0.0001). The implementation of CMV screening would enable primary prevention via hygiene counseling, improve the understanding and awareness of congenital CMV infection, and increase the knowledge of the potential efficacy of preventive or therapeutic HIG or antiviral administration.

Approaching the body of evidence: Key concepts of Overviews.

The increasing production of primary research and literature reviews in the last decades has made it necessary to develop a new methodological design to synthesize the evidence: the overviews. An overview is a type of evidence synthesis that uses systematic reviews as the unit of analysis, with the aim of extracting and analyzing the results for a new or broader research question, helping the shared decision-making processes. The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to this type of evidence summaries, highlighting the differences between overviews and other types of synthesis, the unique methodological aspects of overviews, and future challenges. This is the twelfth article from a collaborative methodological series of narrative reviews about biostatistics and clinical epidemiology.

Particulate bone graft materials for periodontal and implant surgery: A narrative review and case series

Particulate bone graft materials for periodontal and implant surgery: A narrative review and case series

Eating disorder outcomes: findings from a rapid review of over a decade of research

BackgroundEating disorders (ED), especially Anorexia Nervosa (AN), are internationally reported to have amongst the highest mortality and suicide rates in mental health. With limited evidence for current pharmacological and/or psychological treatments, there is a grave responsibility within health research to better understand outcomes for people with a lived experience of ED, factors and interventions that may reduce the detrimental impact of illness and to optimise recovery. This paper aims to synthesise the literature on outcomes for people with ED, including rates of remission, recovery and relapse, diagnostic crossover, and mortality.MethodsThis paper forms part of a Rapid Review series scoping the evidence for the field of ED, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/MEDLINE were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2022 in English. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Controlled Trials were prioritised through purposive sampling. Data from selected studies relating to outcomes for people with ED were synthesised and are disseminated in the current review.ResultsOf the over 1320 studies included in the Rapid Review, the proportion of articles focused on outcomes in ED was relatively small, under 9%. Most evidence was focused on the diagnostic categories of AN, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder, with limited outcome studies in other ED diagnostic groups. Factors such as age at presentation, gender, quality of life, the presence of co-occurring psychiatric and/or medical conditions, engagement in treatment and access to relapse prevention programs were associated with outcomes across diagnoses, including mortality rates.ConclusionResults are difficult to interpret due to inconsistent study definitions of remission, recovery and relapse, lack of longer-term follow-up and the potential for diagnostic crossover. Overall, there is evidence of low rates of remission and high risk of mortality, despite evidence-based treatments, especially for AN. It is strongly recommended that research in long-term outcomes, and the factors that influence better outcomes, using more consistent variables and methodologies, is prioritised for people with ED.

Lipid mediators in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

Lipid mediators in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

Fluoroquinolone-resistant latent tuberculosis infection: A literature review and case series of 5 patients treated with linezolid monotherapy

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) constitutes an important public health problem because of risk of progression to TB disease. Effective treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) LTBI would prevent progression to MDR TB disease, which would improve patient and public health outcomes. The majority of MDR LTBI treatment studies have focused on the use of fluoroquinolone-based antibiotic regimens. Options for and experience in the treatment of fluoroquinolone-resistant MDR LTBI are limited in the published literature and not comprehensively addressed in current guidelines. In this review, we share our experience with the treatment of fluoroquinolone-resistant MDR LTBI with linezolid. We discuss treatment options for MDR TB that provide context for predicting effective MDR LTBI treatment, with a focus on the microbiologic and pharmacokinetic properties of linezolid that support its use. We then summarize the evidence for treatment of MDR LTBI. Finally, we present our experiences treating fluoroquinolone-resistant MDR LTBI with linezolid with an emphasis on dosing considerations to optimize efficacy and minimize potential toxicities.

Benign and Malignant Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Remnants: Systematic Review and Case Series of 1842 Surgical Cases

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

A middle range theory of self- and family management of chronic illness

BackgroundThe Self- and Family Management Framework was created in 2006 to help structure self- and family management science. Based on a series of reviews and syntheses of emerging research and critical evaluation, we developed the Framework into a robust nursing theory. PurposeIn this article, we reintroduce the Self- and Family Management Framework as the Middle Range Theory of Self- and Family Management of Chronic Illness. MethodsWe review steps in the development and updating of the Framework, share rationale for advancement to a middle range theory, explicate components of the newly designed model, and propose future directions. Discussion and ConclusionIt is our hope that this middle range theory will guide researchers and clinicians more comprehensively in supporting patients and families managing chronic illness, which will in turn inform continued theory development.

Self-inflicted Stabbings as Nonfatal Suicide Attempts: A Systematic Review and Case Series.

Suicide by cutting or piercing is a rare and often nonlethal method. Self-stabbings are a subset of these cases, which can lead to significant injuries. Current literature does not adequately summarize the psychiatric characteristics of this population. To examine the psychiatric presentations of adults with nonfatal self-inflicted stabbing suicide attempts to better inform the evidence-based care provided by the psychiatric consult service. We searched Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, APA Psych INFO, and CINAHL for studies published within the last 15 years. All full-article case reports, case series, cohort studies, and systematic literature reviews in English were included. Studies not specific to adult (only those >18 years old were included) patients with self-inflicted stabbing wounds were excluded. Included studies were separated into 2 groups: case reports and cohort studies. Simple summative statistical analyses were performed. The quality of evidence was assessed using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Thirty-four case reports, 3 cohort studies, and zero systematic literature reviews met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. A total of 184 cases of self-stabbing were identified, 66% of which included male patients. The mean age of cohort patients was 44 years. The mean age of case report patients was 47 years. The most common tool for stabbing was a knife. Common stabbing locations included the neck, chest, and abdomen. Commonly reported psychiatric diagnoses included mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Self-stabbing characteristics important to psychiatry were inconsistently reported across studies. This literature review found that self-stabbing appears to be a male-preferred method and may be associated with mood disorders. Inconsistent reporting of relevant psychiatric data such as psychiatric diagnosis, previous psychiatric history, suicidal intent, and intoxication is present in our review and is potentially due to a lack of reports from the psychiatric perspective. This limits our understanding of psychiatric issues in adults who made nonfatal self-inflicted stabbing suicide attempts. A further study into the presentations of this population is needed to better understand this distinct group of patients.

Hazards and Risks of Recreation Water Use: Vectors of International Studies. The Impacts of Natural Forces on Recreation Beaches and Human Health

A series of reviews of foreign publications on the problem of hazards on recreational beaches is completed by the generalization of the objectives, tasks, methods, and conclusions of the studies into the hazards to the public spaces, infrastructure, and vacationers due to waves, currents, erosion, and other natural phenomena and processes. The analysis of the approaches and results of applied hydrodynamic, geomorphological, climatic, and sociological studies is used to formulate ideas promising for the development of the theory and practice of studying he hazards on beaches in Russia.

Taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages: a systematic review and time series analysis

Taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages: a systematic review and time series analysis