Series Of Organic Solvents Research Articles

Study on antioxidative, antidiabetic and antiobesity activity of solvent fractions ofsmilax chinaL. leaf extract

Smilax china L., a native plant found in Asian countries, has several medicinal properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Although the root of the plant is commonly used as traditional herbal medicine in Korea and China, the medicinal properties of the leaves have not gained the same attention. In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory effect and lipid accumulation inhibition effect of Smilax china L. leaf water extract (SCLE) and its solvent fractions. SCLE was fractionated by using a series of organic solvents, including ethylacetate (EA) and n-butanol (BuOH). The EA fraction had the highest total polyphenol content (440.20 ± 12.67 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (215.14 ± 24.83 mg QE/g). The radical scavenging activity IC 50 values of the EA fraction for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were 0.022 mg/mL and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. Further, SOD-like activity and reducing power values of the EA fraction were higher than those of the other fractions. However, both the α-glucosidase and lipid accumulation inhibition assays showed that the BuOH fraction (83.35 ± 4.18% at 1 mg/mL) and water extract (11.27 ± 2.67%) were more effective than the EA fraction (64.13 ± 6.35%, and 45.66 ± 7.20%). These results provide new insights into the potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Smilax china L. leaf.

A comparative VCD study of methyl mandelate in methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and chloroform: explicit and implicit solvation models

Vibrational absorption (VA) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of methyl mandelate, a prototype chiral molecule, in a series of organic solvents, namely methanol (MeOH-d(4)), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d(6)), and chloroform (CDCl(3)), have been measured in the finger print region from 1800 to 1150 cm(-1). Implicit solvation models in the form of polarizable continuum model and explicit solvation models have been employed independently and simultaneously. The goal is to evaluate their efficiencies in dealing with solvent effects in each solution and to establish a general strategy to adequately account for effects of solvents. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and radial distribution function analysis have been performed to aid the construction of the explicit solvation models. Initial geometry searches have been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level for the methyl mandelate monomer and its explicit 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 solute-solvent hydrogen-bonded complexes. B3LYP/cc-pVTZ has been used for all the final geometry optimizations, the vibrational frequency, VA and VCD intensity, and optical rotation dispersion (ORD) calculations. The results show that inclusion of solvent explicitly and implicitly at the same time has significant impacts on the appearance of the VA and VCD spectra, and is crucial for reliable spectral assignments when solvents are capable of hydrogen-bonding interactions with solutes. When no strong solvent-solute hydrogen-bonding interactions in the case of chloroform are expected, the gas phase monomer model is adequate for spectral interpretation, while inclusion of implicit solvation improves the frequency agreement with experiment. ORD spectra of methyl mandelate in the aforementioned solvents at different concentrations under 5 excitation wavelengths have also been measured. The comparison between the calculated and the experimental ORD spectra supports the conclusions drawn from the VA and VCD investigations.

Effect of amide hydrogen bonding on spontaneously formed gel-emulsions by two pyridyl carboxylic acid based amphiphiles, sodium salt of 2-dodecylpyridine-5-carboxylic acid and sodium salt of [2-dodecylpyridine-5-carboxylic]glycine: entrapment and release of vitamin B12.

The present study offers the demonstration and rational design of two synthesized single chain pyridyl carboxylic acid (nicotinic acid) based amphiphilic gelators named the sodium salt of 2-dodecylpyridine-5-carboxylic acid (SDDPC) and the sodium salt of [2-dodecylpyridine-5-carboxylic]glycine (SDDPCG). The gelation abilities were tested in a series of organic solvents, by a number of physical methods including X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, rheology, DSC, optical and electron microscopy. The minimum gelation concentration and gelation number of the gelators in different solvents were determined. No gelation was observed when pure solvents were employed. The gelation properties of these two compounds found that the gelation depends on H-bonding of the amide linkage. X-ray diffraction study indicates the presence of two recognizable morphologies for SDDPC in a gel-emulsion, whereas for SDDPCG a single type of aggregate is predominant. FTIR spectra suggest that the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding facilitates the gelation process. Rheological measurements demonstrated that the gel-emulsions are mechanically stable and exhibit typical viscoelastic properties. Optical microscopy images show a network structure in the gel phase and a fibril structure in the xerogel. SEM images confirmed the presence of network as well as a flex-like thick fibrous network for both the amphiphiles, forming three dimensional (3-D) networks. Both the gelators showed a remarkable response toward external pH. The gel-emulsions were used in the controlled and/or pH triggered release of entrapped (within the gel-emulsions) vitamin B12 at different pHs.

Production, Characterization, and Application of an Organic Solvent-Tolerant Lipase Present in Active Inclusion Bodies

An organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Serratia marcescens ECU1010 (rSML) was overproduced in Escherichia coli in an insoluble form. High concentrations of both biomass (50 g cell wet weight/L culture broth) and inclusion bodies (10.5 g/L) were obtained by applying a high-cell-density cultivation procedure. Activity assays indicated that the enzymatic activity of rSML reached 600 U/L. After treatment with isopropyl ether for 12 h, the maximum lipase activity reached 6,000 U/L. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy revealed the activation mechanism of rSML in the presence of organic solvents. rSML was stable in broad ranges of temperatures and pH values, as well as in a series of organic solvents. Besides, rSML showed the best enantioselectivity for the kinetic resolution of (±)-trans-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)glycidic acid methyl ester. These features render the S. marcescens ECU1010 lipase attractive for biotechnological applications in the field of organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry.

Procyanidins from Wild Grape (Vitis amurensis) Seeds Regulate ARE-Mediated Enzyme Expression via Nrf2 Coupled with p38 and PI3K/Akt Pathway in HepG2 Cells

Procyanidins, polymers of flavan-3-ol units, have been reported to exhibit many beneficial health effects such as antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects. In this study, we investigated the cancer chemopreventive properties of procyanidins from wild grape (Vitis amurensis) seeds in particular their roles in inducing phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes as well as in modulating the upstream kinases. Ethanolic extract of V. amurensis seeds was fractionated with a series of organic solvents and finally separated into six fractions, F1–F6. Chemical properties of the procyanidins were analyzed by vanillin assay, BuOH-HCl test, and depolymerization with phloroglucinol followed by LC/MS analysis. The F5 had the highest procyanidin content among all the fractions and strongly induced the reporter activity of antioxidant response element as well as the protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. The procyanidin-rich F5 also strongly induced the expression of the phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 and hemeoxygenase1. Phosphorylations of the upstream kinases such as MAPKs and PI3K/Akt were significantly increased by treatment with procyanidin fraction. In addition, the procyanidin-mediated Nrf2 expression was partly attenuated by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and almost completely by p38 inhibitor SB202190, but neither by JNK inhibitor SP600125 nor by MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Taken together, the procyanidins from wild grape seeds could be used as a potential natural chemopreventive agent through Nrf2/ARE-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes induction via p38 and PI3K/Akt pathway.

Effects of the Ethylacetate Extract of <i>Orostachys japonicus</i> on Induction of Apoptosis through the p53-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Cancer rates are increasing dramatically, and there is currently a strong emphasis on identifying biologically active substances with anti-cancer activity from traditional herbs, as these are thought to have less adverse side-effects than conventional chemotherapy. Here, we examined the effects of extracts of Orostachys japonicus A. BERGER (O. japonicus) on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, and investigated the underlying signaling pathways. Dried powdered O. japonicus was extracted with 95% ethyl alcohol and fractionated with a series of organic solvents, including n-hexane (hexane), dichloromethane (DCM), ethylacetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and water (H(2)O). These extracts were tested for anti-cancer activity on a range of cancer cells; of all these, the EtOAc soluble fraction showed the highest anti-cancer activity, which was most marked in AGS human gastric cancer cells. The EtOAc fraction inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as evidenced by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining, propidium iodide-labeling, and DNA fragmentation assays. Western blot analysis revealed that p53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were up-regulated, and B cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) protein and pro-caspase-3 were down-regulated, but bcl-2 associated x protein (bax) protein was not regulated, in response to treatment of AGS cells with the EtOAc fraction. However, the changes of pro-caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 could be abolished by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. These results suggest the EtOAc fraction from O. japonicus has substantial anti-cancer activity in human gastric cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Orostachys japonicus on modulation of signal pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

In this study, powder of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (O. japonicus) was extracted with 95% ethyl alcohol and fractionated using a series of organic solvents, including n-hexane (hexane), dichloromethane (DCM), ethylacetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and water (H(2)O). We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of these O. japonicus extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Their effects on the expression of inflammatory mediators and transcription factors were analyzed by Western blotting. DCM fraction significantly inhibited formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Phosphorylation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), one of its downstream proteins, were also suppressed by DCM fraction. These effects were regulated by upsteam proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that O. japonicus could be used as a potential source for anti-inflammatory agents.

Water-Induced Physical Gelation of Organic Solvents by N-(n-Alkylcarbamoyl)-l-alanine Amphiphiles

A series of amino acid-based gelators N-(n-alkylcarbamoyl)-L-alanine were synthesized, and their gelation abilities in a series of organic solvents were tested. No gelation was observed in pure solvents employed. All the amphiphilic molecules were found to form stable organogels in the solvents in the presence of a small amount of water, methanol, or urea. The volume of solvent gelled by a given amount of the gelator was observed to depend upon the volume of added water. The gelation behavior of the amphiphiles in a given solvent containing a known volume of water was compared. The effects of chirality and substitution on the acid group on the gelation ability were examined. Although the corresponding N-(n-tetradecylcarbamoyl)-DL-alanine was found to form only weak organogel in pure solvents, the achiral amphiphilic compound N-(n-tetradecylcarbamoyl)-β-alanine, however, did not form gel in the absence of water. The methyl ester of N-(n-tetradecylcarbamoyl)-L-alanine was also observed to form gels in the same solvents, but only in the presence of water. The organogels were characterized by several techniques, including (1)H NMR, Fourier transform IR, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The thermal and rheological properties of the organogels were studied. The mechanical strength of the organogel formed by N-(n-tetradecylcarbamoyl)-DL-alanine was observed to increase upon the addition of water. It was concluded that water-mediated intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between amphiphiles caused formation of supramolecular self-assemblies.

Electrochemical behavior of graphene nanosheets in alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid electrolytes: influences of organic solvents and the alkyl chains

In this study, the electrochemical properties of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) in alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids/organic solvent electrolytes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The organic solvents with different functional groups exhibit a significant influence on the electrochemical properties of the GNSs. From series of organic solvents, in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, C3H7NO) electrolyte the GNS electrode shows the best electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the effect of the alkyl chains of ionic liquids on the electrochemical properties of GNSs was also evaluated through the electrochemical tests. The electrochemical properties of GNS electrode in 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (MMIMBF4)/DMF electrolyte are better than those in EMIMBF4/DMF and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4)/DMF electrolytes. This may be attributed to the difference in the length of the alkyl chain on the imidazole ring, which results in the structural change of the electrode/ionic liquid interface and thus affects the electrochemical performance of the GNS electrode.

Preparation of hydroxyapatite–carbon nanotube composite nanopowders

Here we report a simple preparation of composite nanopowders made of hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbon nanotube (CNT). In particular, CNTs were ionically modified to dissolve homogeneously in a series of organic solvents, including tetrahydrofuran and ethanol. The addition of HA nanopowders within the CNTs solution resulted in rapid precipitation of the composite HA–CNTs nanopowders. High resolution electron image revealed individual CNTs were evenly distributed within the cluster of HA nanoparticulates. A maximal concentration of CNTs to be organized within the HA nanopowder was highly dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of HA powders. A pilot biological assessment of the composite powders demonstrated favorable adhesion and growth of tissue cells. The developed HA–CNTs composite nanopowders may be potentially useful as an initial powder source for HA-CNT nanocomposites or coatings in biomedical applications.

Systematic Study of the Dispersion of SWNTs in Organic Solvents

Dispersions of as-produced HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a series of organic solvents were prepared by dilution with the aid of tip sonication. Mild centrifugation (∼945 g) was carried out to remove large bundles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that the bundle size decreased as the dispersion was diluted. By measuring the UV−vis−NIR absorption before and after centrifugation as a function of the concentration, the dispersion limit of SWNTs in each solvent can be determined. Correlations between the dispersion limit and solvent solubility parameters, including the Hildebrand solubility parameter and three-dimensional Hansen solubility parameters, are explored, demonstrating that SWNTs are easily dispersed in solvents with Hildebrand solubility parameter range from ∼22−24 MPa1/2 and Hansen polarity component (δP) ∼12−14 MPa1/2. No clear correlation between dispersion limits and the dispersion force (δD) or hydrogen bonding force (δH) are evident. It is found, however, that the degree of dispersion depends critically on sample preparation conditions and in particular sonication time. Increased sonication times increase the amount of SWNTs debundled and solubilized but do not appear to affect the dispersion limit. However, increased sonication also induces discernible changes to the SWNTs themselves and in itself influences their solubility, under which conditions no clear solubility parameters can be determined.

Single‐walled carbon nanotube–polystyrene nanocomposites: dispersing nanotubes in organic media

AbstractBACKGROUND: The insufficient dispersability of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in most common solvents (as a result of substantial van der Waals tube–tube attractions) makes it difficult to explore and understand their chemistry, and, therefore, implies many limitations for their practical applications. In this study, in order to overcome the intrinsic problems of SWNTs, a facile mechanochemical approach was developed to prepare polystyrene‐SWNT nanocomposites, which could be well‐dispersed in organic media.RESULTS: Here we report a simple method to prepare polystyrene‐wrapped single‐walled carbon nanotubes, which can be well dispersed in a series of organic solvents. The nanocomposites were prepared in the solid state using the high‐speed vibration milling technique and were characterized by UV‐VIS and FT‐IR spectroscopy. In addition, their morphology was determined by TEM as well as SEM studies.CONCLUSION: This facile and simple solid‐state reaction technique to prepare SWNT‐PS nanocomposites eases not only the preparation of dispersions of SWNTs for further applications like device fabrications, but also in general the production of carbon nanotube‐polymer nanocomposites. Furthermore, this facile preparation method to synthesize nanohybrids by a mechanochemical reaction has a superior potential for electronic applications of single‐walled carbon nanotubes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Synthesis, acid-base properties, and interphase distribution of new aminoalkylphosphates and -phosphonates

Using the Todd-Atherton reaction, we synthesized new ω-aminoalkylphosphates differing by location of phosphate amino group in the molecule. For these compounds and for α-, β-, and γ-amino-phosphonates of similar structure ionization constants of phosphate and phosphonate groups were determined which turned out to be similar. In all the cases the increase in basicity of amine centers was shown with the growing distance between them and the phosphorus-containing substituent. By the method of two-phase potentiometric titration the constants of partition between water and a series of organic solvents were measured. The data obtained are interpreted in the framework of additive Leo-Hansch model that allows estimation of the increments of phosphate and amidophosphate groups. These data can be applied to the study of biological activity and extraction properties of the compound of such class.

Effect of phase composition on the bioconversion of methyltestosterone in a biphasic system

The bioconversion of methyltestosterone to methandienone by Arthrobacter simplex AS.1.94* was selected as model system for evaluating the effect of solvent nature and aqueous phase composition on the biocatalytic efficiency in aqueous–organic two-phase system. A series of organic solvents with varying log P oct values, together with five different aqueous media, were selected as organic and aqueous phase. Tween-80 and menadione were added as surfactant and an external electron acceptor, respectively. The effect of volumetric phase ratio on biocatalytic activity was also investigated. The results showed that selection of organic phase must take a series of factors into account. The composition of the aqueous phase markedly influenced biocatalytic yields, particularly the addition of the menadione. In the system with carbon tetrachloride as the organic phase and phosphate buffer as aqueous phase, the volumetric phase ratio of 3 org:7 aq was feasible.

Efficient enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin in organic media

The kinetically controlled synthesis of ampicillin with immobilized penicillin acylase (IPA) from Escherichia coli in fully organic medium was studied. d-phenylglycine methyl ester ( d-PGM) was selected as the activated acyl donor due to its good solubility in organic solvents. A series of organic solvents with different polarity were screened and ethyl acetate was found to be the most satisfying solvent for the enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin. Remarkable catalytic activity of the IPA was retained in ethyl acetate, and high yield could be obtained. Furthermore, some significant factors that greatly affect the ampicillin synthesis process, such as substrate concentration, temperature and water content of IPA etc., were investigated in details. As a result, high yield (92.9%) and synthesis/hydrolysis (S/H) ratio (1.50) were successfully achieved under the optimum conditions.

Limitation observed in the application of the three dimensional solubility parameters to the coating formulation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) systems

Purpose: Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) displayed high dipole-dipole interaction, a high hydrogen bonding but low polar interaction, and was therefore expected to be miscible with solvents/plasticizers that exhibit similar pattern of cohesive interaction. To determine the applicability, or otherwise of the theory of the three dimensional solubility parameters to the formulation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) polymeric coating system, and hence identify any limitation in the application of the theory. This aspect was investigated in the study. Method: The structural group contribution method was employed to compute the partial and total solubility parameters of the compounds – the biopol polymer, a series of organic solvents and plasticizers. The computed partial solubility parameters included: dipole-dipole (dd), polar (dp) and hydrogen bonding (dh). Following a standard procedure in the literatures, the dd and dp values were combined to form a composite solubility parameter, dv: where dv = &#8730 &#948d 2+&#948p 2. A plot of dh versus dv gave the energy maps, which depicted the energy levels of the various compounds and from which the miscibility of the compounds were predicted. The closer the position of the solvent or plasticizer to the polymer in the map, the greater, the probability of mixing. Cast films of the various polymeric formulations were made and examined for homogeneity by scanning electron microscopy. Results: It was possible to select suitable plasticizers that were miscible with the polymer by applying theory of solubility parameters. The prediction for the solvents was, however, erroneous and this may be attributable to the inability of the dv parameter to clearly reflect the differences between the dd and dp interactions of the polymer on the one hand and those of the various solvents in all situations on the other hand. This means that in certain instances, the dv values of the polymer and the solvents were similar even though their dd and dp interactions were dissimilar. Conclusion: The analysis of the data showed that the composite solubility parameter dv of compounds could be similar even though the actual energies of dd and dp interactions are different. This is a limitation in the application of the theory of the three dimensional solubility parameters. Keywords: keyword; keyword; keyword > Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 (1) 2005: pp. 355-362

Removal of Contaminants from Oracle Bones During Sample Pretreatment

Animal bones and tortoise shells were used for divination by the Chinese royal family during the Shang Dynasty (∼16th–11th century BC), and the divination results were recorded as inscriptions on oracle bones and shells, which are very valuable cultural remains and record many important events in the Shang Dynasty period. Thus, radiocarbon dating of oracle bones was used to build a precise chronology of the late Shang Dynasty. Due to their original burial conditions and the fact that in subsequent decades the pieces were traded or archived in museums, oracle bones are expected to be contaminated with exogenous materials from the environment and the conservation process. During dating, we found that some samples were contaminated by conservation chemical reagents. The contaminated samples were purified by removing exogenous chemicals with a series of organic solvents, in a method modified from Bruhn et al. (2001). Both whole bone and gelatin samples were processed with this purification method, resulting in satisfactory improvements in dating results.

Photophysical Study of 1,5 – Diaminoanthraquinone in Different Solvents and at Various pH

The absorption and fluorescence spectral properties 1,5‐diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) have been investigated in a series of organic solvents of different polarity and in aqueous solutions with Ho / pH /H– in the range ‐10 to 17. The Stokes shifts of DAAQ are correlated with various solvent polarity scales. The better correlation of Stokes shifts of DAAQ with ET(30) indicates the predominance of hydrogen bonding interactions over dipolar interactions. The study also reveals that the fluorescence of DAAQ dication is red shifted on protonation. The abnormal fluorescence of DAAQ is found to be due to large solvent relaxation in polar medium. The acidity constants for various prototropic reactions in So and S1 states are determined and discussed.

Synthesis, characterization and properties of geminal imidazolium ionic liquids

A novel geminal imidazolium ionic liquid with long hydrocarbon group, 1,4-bis(3-tetradecylimidazolium-1-yl) butane bromide was synthesized and its physicochemical properties were studied. To differentiate the novel ionic liquid with conventional ionic liquid, 1- n-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was also synthesized and their properties were compared. FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis were applied to identify the molecular structure of two compounds, then the crystal structures was investigate by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal properties of them were studied with thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension of two compounds in aqueous solution were determined by maximum bubble pressure method. In this work, we also measured the water content in two compounds by using IR moisture meters, and polarity was studied by the solubility in a series of organic solvents. The results show that the new geminal imidazolium ionic liquid possesses higher thermal stability, lower CMC values and larger d-spacing of crystal structure than corresponding ionic liquid with single long chain.

Biosynthesis of ascorbyl benzoate in organic solvents and study of its antioxygenic and antimicrobial properties

Ascorbyl benzoate was synthesized through lipase-catalyzed esterification in organic media, and its properties studied. A series of organic solvents with a log P from −1.30 to 2.50 were investigated, in which cylcohexanone (log P = 0.96) was found to be the most suitable. The optimum reaction conditions in cylcohexanone were pH 6.0, a w 0.33, a substrate concentration form 0.06 M to 0.1 M, 65 °C, and above 150 rpm speeds of shaking. Experimental results also demonstrated that benzoic acid was not an ideal substrate of lipase, which led to low conversion rates, but its limitation could be overcome by excess l-ascorbic acid. Schaal oven test illustrated that the antioxidant activity of ascorbyl benzoate was comparable to that of ascorbyl palmitate, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data showed that its antimicrobial activity was weaker than that of benzoic acid.